带上盖开发地铁车辆段咽喉区排烟系统研究
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摘要
为探究带上盖开发的地铁车辆段咽喉区排烟系统的合理设计方案,基于火灾科学与流体力学的基本理论,采用理论分析与数值模拟相结合的方法对自然排烟方式和组合排烟方式的关键参数及烟气控制效果进行研究。研究结果表明:在自然排烟方式下,盖板上方的自然排烟口排烟效率与开洞率呈二次函数关系,当开洞率达到4.73%时,盖板上方的自然排烟口排烟效率可达到最大;在组合排烟方式下,自然排烟区域和机械排烟区域之间的挡烟垂壁高度增加至2.5 m,基本可以将火灾烟气控制在着火区域一侧;机械排烟区域发生火灾时,采用羽流模型计算机械排烟量,组合排烟方式能够有效控制火灾烟气。
To explore a reasonable design scheme of smoke exhaust system of the throat area in metro depot with over development, the key parameters and smoke control effect of natural smoke exhaust mode and combined smoke exhaust mode were studied by using the method of theoretical analysis and numerical simulation based on the basic theory of fire science and fluid mechanics. The results showed that: under the natural ventilation condition, it is two times function between the smoke exhaust efficiency with the opening rate of the cover, the natural smoke exhaust efficiency of the exhaust ports on the cover reaches the maximum when the opening rate reached 4.73%. Under the combination exhaust condition, when the height of smoke screen between the natural ventilation area and the mechanical exhaust area increased to 2.5 m, the smoke would be controlled within the fire area. When fire occurred in the mechanical exhaust area, the smoke would be controlled effectively under the combined exhaust mode with the mechanical smoke exhaust volume calculated by using plume model.
To explore a reasonable design scheme of smoke exhaust system of the throat area in metro depot with over development, the key parameters and smoke control effect of natural smoke exhaust mode and combined smoke exhaust mode were studied by using the method of theoretical analysis and numerical simulation based on the basic theory of fire science and fluid mechanics. The results showed that: under the natural ventilation condition, it is two times function between the smoke exhaust efficiency with the opening rate of the cover, the natural smoke exhaust efficiency of the exhaust ports on the cover reaches the maximum when the opening rate reached 4.73%. Under the combination exhaust condition, when the height of smoke screen between the natural ventilation area and the mechanical exhaust area increased to 2.5 m, the smoke would be controlled within the fire area. When fire occurred in the mechanical exhaust area, the smoke would be controlled effectively under the combined exhaust mode with the mechanical smoke exhaust volume calculated by using plume model.
引文
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[14]GAO Ran,LI Angui,HAO Xinpeng,et al.Fire-induced smoke control via hybrid ventilation in a huge transit terminal subway station[J].Energe and Buildings,2012(45):280-289.
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[2]刘桂江,王栋.苏州太平车辆段上盖开发消防设计[J].铁道工程学报,2012,29(11):67-72.LIU Guijiang,WANG Dong.Fire protection design for development of platform above Suzhou Taiping car depot[J].Journal of Railway Engineering Society,2012,29(11):67-72.
[3]傅荣生,林勇河.轨道交通运用库与上盖开发防火设计思路[J].消防科学与技术,2016,35(9):1247-1249.FU Rongsheng,LIN Yonghe.Fire protection design method of rail transportation depot and top cover development[J].Fire Science and Technology.2016,35(9):1247-1249.
[4]高吉祥.带上盖开发的地铁车辆段防排烟方案研究[J].中国新技术新产品,2014(5):36-37.GAO Jixiang.Research on the smoke control for metro depot with the upper cover development[J].China New Technologies and Products,2014(5):36-37.
[5]XU Dayong,ZHANG Cunfeng,YIN Ke,et al.Feasibility analysis on natural ventilation scheme for large underground spaces based on the top cover design[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2014(44):23-32.
[6]冯凯,杨舜,张新.车辆基地火灾排烟对上盖建筑的影响[J].铁道科学与工程学报,2017,14(3):635-641.FENG Kai,YANG Shun,ZHANG Xin.The influencing of smoke exhausting on over development buildings under fire in subway vehicle base[J].Journal of Railway Science and Engineering,2017,14(3):635-641.
[7]GB 50157—2013,地铁设计规范[S].GB 50157—2013,Code for design of metro[S].
[8]DB 11/995—2013,城市轨道交通工程设计规范[S].DB 11/995—2013,Code for design of urban rail transit[S].
[9]王进.上盖开发的地铁车辆段防火性能化分析与研究[D].北京:首都经济贸易大学,2011:1-4.WANG Jin.Study on the fire performance-based design for metro depot with cover development[D].Beijing:Capital University of Economics and Business,2011:1-4.
[10]汪令宏.北京四惠车辆段大平台通风系统设计[J].现代城市轨道交通,2008(3):45-47.WANG Linghong.Design of Ventilation system in large platform of Beijing Sihui depot[J].Modern Urban Transit.2008(3):45-47.
[11]GB 50016—2006,建筑设计防火规范[S].GB 50016—2006,Code for design of building fire protection and prevention[S].
[12]Mc Grattan K,Hostikka S,Mc Dermott R,et al.Fire dynamics simulator user’s guide(FDS Version 6.5.3)[M].USA:National Institute of Standards and Technology,2017.
[13]Mc Grattan K,Hostikka S,Mc Dermott R,et al.Fire dynamics simulator technical reference guide(FDS Version 6.5.3)[M].USA:National Institute of Standards and Technology,2017.
[14]GAO Ran,LI Angui,HAO Xinpeng,et al.Fire-induced smoke control via hybrid ventilation in a huge transit terminal subway station[J].Energe and Buildings,2012(45):280-289.
[15]NFPA 92B,Standard for smoke management systems in malls,atria,and large spaces[S].
[16]ISO16735,Fire safety engineering–requirements governing algebraic equations-smoke layers[S].