摘要
对于船舶住舱等小型舱室而言,人员相对密集而火灾事故造成的烟气又难以通过有效手段排放。针对船舶住舱火灾烟气控制所采用的典型排烟方法,运用火灾动力学软件PyroSim进行数值模拟计算,并精心采用仿真验证试验,研究无排烟和排烟机工作时的船舶舱室烟雾蔓延规律,在此基础上依据燃烧所产生的热量设置6种排烟机功率依次增大的排烟工况,研究不同工况排烟机功率和补风条件下的控烟效果,得出较为接近实际的烟气蔓延流动时烟气温度和烟气浓度等特性参数的变化规律,以及优化选择最佳的补风方式和排烟功率的总体思路。研究结果对于船舶舱室烟气高效防控具有一定的理论和现实指导意义。
For a small cabin, it is difficult to discharge the flue gas which is caused by a relatively intensive and fire accident by personnel. In view of the typical smoke exhaust method used for fire control of cabin fire,numerical simulation calculation was performed with PyroSim. The simulation test was designed to study the law of smoke spread in the cabin of ships without smoke and smoke ventilator. Based on the amount of heat generated, the smoke control effect of 6 kinds of smoke exhaust machines was set according to the heat generated by combustion, and the smoke control effect under different conditions was studied. The variation rules of characteristic parameters, such as smoke temperature and smoke concentration, which are close to the actual flue gas spreading flow are obtained. The research results have certain theoretical and practical significance for the efficient prevention and control of smoke in ship cabin.
引文
[1]雷晶晶,周汝,蒋军成,等.着火房间最优化机械排烟效率理论分析[J].南京工业大学学报(自然科学版),2018, 40(4):125-130.
[2]李雪飞.补风方式对中庭类大空间建筑机械排烟效果的影响[J].消防科学与技术,2016, 35(2):193-197.
[3]姜学鹏,陈姝,郭昆.集中排烟公路隧道临界排烟速率计算模型[J].中国安全科学学报,2017, 27(10):50-55.
[4]王欢,齐庆杰,周新华,等.挡烟垂壁对长通道顶棚温度分布的影响研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2017,27(11):24-30.
[5]刘伯运,胡建华,李昂.大型舰船机库机械排烟系统优化设计[J].消防科学与技术,2016, 35(9):1225-1229.
[6]刘义.全尺寸船舶机舱火灾烟气填充及控制技术研究[D].合肥:中国科学技术大学,2017.
[7]金键,仲晨华,牟金磊,等.大型舰船直升机机库排烟系统优化[J].消防科学与技术,2015,34(6):739-743.
[8]杨天佑.高速列车火灾烟气防治研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2011:45-55.
[9]李田成.船舶密闭舱火场温度与烟气规律的模拟研究[D].广州:华南理工大学,2017:12-15.
[10]夏恩亮,刘申友,程旭东,等.棉花阴燃和明火燃烧特性的对比研究[J].火灾科学,2013,22(2):70-76.
[11]孙玉福.实用工程材料手册[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2014:190-192.
[12]欧凯,洪晓斌,文泽贵,等.基于正交试验的建材燃烧烟密度测试装置参数组合优化[J].中国测试,2014,40(4):128-131.
[13]KEVIN M, GLENN F. User's guide for fire dynamics simulator(version4)[M]. Washington:U.S. Governing Printing Office, 2004:20-58.
[14]THOMAS H. On the upward movement of smoke and related shopping mall problems[J]. Fire Safety Journal, 1987, 12:191-203.
[15]建筑设计防火规范:GB 50016-2014[S].北京:中国质检出版社,2014.