颗粒饲料单模孔挤压成型装置设计与试验研究
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摘要
为了分析颗粒饲料挤压成型过程中的力学行为变化,探究饲料原料特性以及生产加工中工艺参数对颗粒饲料质量的影响规律,文章提出了一种饲料挤压成型研究方法,自主研制了单模孔颗粒饲料挤压成型装置,分析对比了在6种含水率(10%、12%、14%、16%、18%、20%)、5种加载载荷(5.09、10.19、15.28、20.37、25.46 MPa)、3种加热温度(60、70、80℃)条件下,仔猪粉料在挤压成型过程中的力学变化、应力松弛特性、挤压成型的颗粒饲料外观质量和硬度。结果表明:加载载荷和物料含水率均对原料松弛模量有极显著影响(P<0.01),温度、含水率和载荷均对颗粒饲料硬度有极显著影响(P<0.01),温度和含水率对颗粒饲料颜色影响明显。文章提出了一种颗粒饲料单模孔挤压成型装置及其研究方法,可以在多种工艺条件下进行单个颗粒饲料的成型试验,为深入研究颗粒饲料成型机理提供了新的测试方法和相关力学参数。
In order to study the mechanical behavior change of pellet feed in the extrusion forming process, and investigate the rule how the feed raw materials' characteristics and process parameters affect the quality of pellet feed, one method used for the extrusion forming of pellet feed was introduced, and a single die hole extrusion forming device was developed. Six wet basis moisture content(10%, 12%,14%, 16%, 18%, 20%, respectively), five loading condition(5.09, 10.19, 15.28, 20.37, 25.46 MPa)and three kinds of heating temperature(60, 70, 80 ℃) of weaned piglet mash feed were measured and compared. The mechanical behavior and stress relaxation properties of the feed raw material, and the appearance quality and hardness of the pellet feed were analyzed, respectively. The experimental results showed that the compressive load and the moisture content of the material had a significant effect on the relaxation modulus of the raw material(P<0.01). The heating temperature, moisture content and load had a significant effect on the hardness of the pellet feed. The temperature and moisture content had a significant effect on the color of pellet feed. In this paper, a kind of single hole extrusion and pelleting device was presented, and its research method was put forward.This research could provide a new test method for forming mechanism of pellet feed and the related mechanical parameters in the extrusion process.
In order to study the mechanical behavior change of pellet feed in the extrusion forming process, and investigate the rule how the feed raw materials' characteristics and process parameters affect the quality of pellet feed, one method used for the extrusion forming of pellet feed was introduced, and a single die hole extrusion forming device was developed. Six wet basis moisture content(10%, 12%,14%, 16%, 18%, 20%, respectively), five loading condition(5.09, 10.19, 15.28, 20.37, 25.46 MPa)and three kinds of heating temperature(60, 70, 80 ℃) of weaned piglet mash feed were measured and compared. The mechanical behavior and stress relaxation properties of the feed raw material, and the appearance quality and hardness of the pellet feed were analyzed, respectively. The experimental results showed that the compressive load and the moisture content of the material had a significant effect on the relaxation modulus of the raw material(P<0.01). The heating temperature, moisture content and load had a significant effect on the hardness of the pellet feed. The temperature and moisture content had a significant effect on the color of pellet feed. In this paper, a kind of single hole extrusion and pelleting device was presented, and its research method was put forward.This research could provide a new test method for forming mechanism of pellet feed and the related mechanical parameters in the extrusion process.
引文
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[16]范仲民,姚引婧,李晓康.饲料颗粒机制粒过程的受力分析[J].机械研究与应用,2013,26(4):11-13.
[17]钟磊,黄晓鹏,万芳新,等.基于FLUENT的饲料环模内孔流场分析[J].中国农机化学报,2016,37(10):103-107.
[18]李永奎,孙月铢,白雪卫.玉米秸秆粉料单模孔致密成型过程离散元模拟[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(20):212-217.
[19]李艳聪,杨磊,万志生,等.颗粒饲料力学性能试验研究[J].饲料工业,2016(21):22-25.
[20]彭飞,杨洁,王红英,等.小麦粉摩擦特性的试验研究[J].中国粮油学报,2015,30(8):7-12.
[21]Talebi S,Tabil L,Opoku A,et al.Compression and relaxation properties of timothy hay[J].International Journal of Agricultural&Biological Engineering,2006,4(3):69.
[22]Tabil L G,Sokhansanj S.Bulk properties of alfalfa grind in relation to its compaction characteristics[J].Applied Engineering in Agriculture,1997,13:499-506.
[23]郭磊.秸秆压块成型因素与压模腔体的优化研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2016
[24]胡彦茹,何余湧,陆伟,等.不同调质温度对肉鸡颗粒饲料加工质量的影响[J].饲料工业,2011,32(23):34-36.
[25]张现玲,秦玉昌,李俊,等.调质温度对肉鸡颗粒饲料质量影响的实验研究[J].饲料工业,2013,34(21):24-28.
[26]朱凯,牛智有.粉体棉花秸秆的应力松弛特性与模型建立[J].华中农业大学学报,2014(5):130-134.
[27]吕慧杰,刘涵奇,罗蓉.基于单轴压缩蠕变试验求解沥青混合料松弛模量[J].武汉理工大学学报(交通科学与工程版),2016,40(6):1067-1072.
[28]韩浩月.颗粒饲料硬度的调控手段[J].国外畜牧学:猪与禽,2016,36(9):41-43.
[29]Thomas M,Zuilichem D J V,Poel A F B V D.Physical quality of pelleted animal feed.2.contribution of processes and its conditions[J].Animal Feed Science&Technology,1997,64(4):173-192.
[2]张铁英,曹振辉,葛长荣.制粒工艺对饲料质量影响的研究[J].江西饲料,2003(6):27-29.
[3]熊易强.制粒作业水分控制指南[J].饲料工业,2000,21(5):7-8.
[4]Peleg M,Moreyra R.Effect of moisture on the stress relaxation pattern of compacted powders[J].Powder Technology,1979,23(2):277-279.
[5]胡彦茹.不同调质温度对颗粒饲料质量和肉鸡生产性能的影响[D].南昌:江西农业大学,2011.
[6]Moreyra R,Yeleg M.Compressive deformation patterns of selected food powders[J].Journal of Food Science,1980,45(4):866-868.
[7]施水娟,武凯,蒋爱军.制粒过程中环模力学模型的建立及有限元分析[J].机械设计与制造,2011(1):38-40.
[8]Stelte W,Holm J K,Sanadi A R,et al.A study of bonding and failure mechanisms in fuel pellets from different biomass resources[J].Biomass and bioenergy,2011,35(2):910-918.
[9]彭飞,王红英,康宏彬,等.小型可调间隙饲料制粒机设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2017,48(4):103-110.
[10]Holm J K,Henriksen U B,Wand K,et al.Experimental verification of novel pellet model using a single pelleter unit[J].Energy&fuels,2007,21(4):2446-2449.
[11]Puig-Arnavat M,Shang L,Sárossy Z,et al.From a single pellet press to a bench scale pellet mill—Pelletizing six different biomass feedstocks[J].Fuel Processing Technology,2016,142:27-33.
[12]Mi?ljenovi?N,?olovi?R,Vukmirovi??,et al.The effects of sugar beet molasses on wheat straw pelleting and pellet quality.A comparative study of pelleting by using a single pellet press and a pilot-scale pellet press[J].Fuel Processing Technology,2016,144:220-229.
[13]王春光.牧草应力松弛时间及其应用[J].农业机械学报,2007,38(1):65-67.
[14]闫国宏,杨明韶.农业纤维物料压缩应力松弛研究进展[J].畜牧与饲料科学,2004,25(2):17-19.
[15]马彦华,宣传忠,武佩,等.玉米秸秆振动压缩过程的应力松弛试验[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(19):88-94.
[16]范仲民,姚引婧,李晓康.饲料颗粒机制粒过程的受力分析[J].机械研究与应用,2013,26(4):11-13.
[17]钟磊,黄晓鹏,万芳新,等.基于FLUENT的饲料环模内孔流场分析[J].中国农机化学报,2016,37(10):103-107.
[18]李永奎,孙月铢,白雪卫.玉米秸秆粉料单模孔致密成型过程离散元模拟[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(20):212-217.
[19]李艳聪,杨磊,万志生,等.颗粒饲料力学性能试验研究[J].饲料工业,2016(21):22-25.
[20]彭飞,杨洁,王红英,等.小麦粉摩擦特性的试验研究[J].中国粮油学报,2015,30(8):7-12.
[21]Talebi S,Tabil L,Opoku A,et al.Compression and relaxation properties of timothy hay[J].International Journal of Agricultural&Biological Engineering,2006,4(3):69.
[22]Tabil L G,Sokhansanj S.Bulk properties of alfalfa grind in relation to its compaction characteristics[J].Applied Engineering in Agriculture,1997,13:499-506.
[23]郭磊.秸秆压块成型因素与压模腔体的优化研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2016
[24]胡彦茹,何余湧,陆伟,等.不同调质温度对肉鸡颗粒饲料加工质量的影响[J].饲料工业,2011,32(23):34-36.
[25]张现玲,秦玉昌,李俊,等.调质温度对肉鸡颗粒饲料质量影响的实验研究[J].饲料工业,2013,34(21):24-28.
[26]朱凯,牛智有.粉体棉花秸秆的应力松弛特性与模型建立[J].华中农业大学学报,2014(5):130-134.
[27]吕慧杰,刘涵奇,罗蓉.基于单轴压缩蠕变试验求解沥青混合料松弛模量[J].武汉理工大学学报(交通科学与工程版),2016,40(6):1067-1072.
[28]韩浩月.颗粒饲料硬度的调控手段[J].国外畜牧学:猪与禽,2016,36(9):41-43.
[29]Thomas M,Zuilichem D J V,Poel A F B V D.Physical quality of pelleted animal feed.2.contribution of processes and its conditions[J].Animal Feed Science&Technology,1997,64(4):173-192.