脉冲循环式渠槽厌氧反应器处理太湖腐熟蓝藻性能
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摘要
为实现太湖腐熟蓝藻的资源化处理,研究新型厌氧反应器——脉冲循环式渠槽厌氧反应器处理太湖腐熟蓝藻的效能及其运行特点。以城市污水处理厂剩余污泥为种泥,污泥接种量混合液挥发性悬浮固体浓度(MLVSS)为20g/L,进水化学需氧量(COD)质量浓度2000mg/L,水力停留时间(HRT)为5d,中温(30～35℃)厌氧条件下,反应器可在30d内成功启动并达到初步稳定运行,COD去除率达到60%左右,产气率为0.08L/(L·d);当进水COD容积负荷3.5kg/(m3·d)时,仍能实现安全稳定运行,COD去除率可以稳定在80%左右,产气率在1.2L/(L·d),表明反应器抗冲击负荷能力较强,同时沼液中藻毒素(TMC-LR、EMC-LR)去除率为90%以上。稳定运行期间反应器厌氧颗粒污泥对腐熟蓝藻甲烷化的最大比基质降解速率为1.253mg/(mg·d),半饱和常数为11770mg/L,甲烷产率系数为0.256mL/mg;电镜观测发现稳定运行期颗粒污泥以产甲烷的八叠球菌为主,伴有丝状菌和杆菌等,同时发现其蛋白酶、TTC-脱氢酶和辅酶F420活性相对较高。研究发现脉冲循环式渠槽厌氧反应器能够有效地处理太湖蓝藻,这对其资源化利用具有一定的指导意义。
As a typical high organic concentration wastewater,composted algae water from the Taihu Lake could be treated with anaerobic biological treatment technology for clean energy biogas.During this process,Cyanobacteria are easy to float and crust in the reactor,thus affecting the efficiency of the gas production and reducing the processing effect of the reactor.Therefore,the design of an efficient anaerobic reactor suitable to the characteristics of cyanobacteria was the main task of the study.We designed a new type of anaerobic reactor,the pulse cycle corridor anaerobic reactor,and considered the performance of processing composted algae water from the Taihu Lake.Simultaneously,sequencing batch experiments on the methanation dynamics of the enriched granular sludge through the stable operation of the reactor was adopted to provide theoretical support on further promotion of treating cyanobacteria.Main contents and results were as follows:With an inoculated aerobic activated sludge from municipal sewage treatment plant,the reactor started up at chemical oxygen demand(COD) concentration of 2000 mg/L,hydraulic retention time(HRT) of 5 d and temperature of(30-35)℃ for 30 d;the pulse cycle corridor anaerobic reactor achieved a stable state.The COD removal efficiency was above 60%,and biogas productivities of unit volume was 0.08 L/(L·d) at this level.When volumetric loading rate increased stage by stage from 0.8 kg/(m3·d) to 3.5 kg/(m3·d),the reactor could perform steadily with a COD removal efficiency as high as 80%.Meanwhile,biogas productivities of unit volume was 1.2 L/(L·d).The reactor had some advantages of quick start-up speed,tending to forming the particulate the sludge and enduring pulse load by shortening the pulse time,increasing the number of cycle of cyanobacteria in the reactor,extending the flowing time of cyanobacteria in the reactor channel,overcoming the phenomenon of cyanobacteria floating,and raising the probability of contact between the cyanobacteria and the sludge.The removal rate of microcystins(TMC-LR,EMC-LR) was over 90%,which indicated that the reactor had a good removal effect on microcystins of the composted cyanobacteria.The main reason for microcystins removal was the effective intercept of cyanobacteria by a large number of cultivated anaerobic granular sludge and the enrichment of numerous indigenous bacteria in the reactor.The methanation kinetics of composted algae water substrated with the granular sludge from the pulse cycle corridor anaerobic reactor was investigated.The maximum specific degradation rate,half saturation constant,and yield coefficient were 1.253 mg/(mg·d),11 770 mg/L,and 0.256 mL /mg,respectively.Observed by a scanning electron microscope(SEM),the granular sludge was found in the stabilization stage with coupled growing micro-organisms,including methanosarcina,filamentous bacteria,and rod-shaped bacteria.Proteinase,coenzyme F420 and TTC-dehydrogenase activity of granular sludge from pulse cycle corridor anaerobic reactor had been in high level during the duration of the experiment.Results indicated that the pulse cycle corridor anaerobic reactor could effectively deal with the algae-laden water from the Taihu Lake.It provided important value for the biogas fermentation of algae.
As a typical high organic concentration wastewater,composted algae water from the Taihu Lake could be treated with anaerobic biological treatment technology for clean energy biogas.During this process,Cyanobacteria are easy to float and crust in the reactor,thus affecting the efficiency of the gas production and reducing the processing effect of the reactor.Therefore,the design of an efficient anaerobic reactor suitable to the characteristics of cyanobacteria was the main task of the study.We designed a new type of anaerobic reactor,the pulse cycle corridor anaerobic reactor,and considered the performance of processing composted algae water from the Taihu Lake.Simultaneously,sequencing batch experiments on the methanation dynamics of the enriched granular sludge through the stable operation of the reactor was adopted to provide theoretical support on further promotion of treating cyanobacteria.Main contents and results were as follows:With an inoculated aerobic activated sludge from municipal sewage treatment plant,the reactor started up at chemical oxygen demand(COD) concentration of 2000 mg/L,hydraulic retention time(HRT) of 5 d and temperature of(30-35)℃ for 30 d;the pulse cycle corridor anaerobic reactor achieved a stable state.The COD removal efficiency was above 60%,and biogas productivities of unit volume was 0.08 L/(L·d) at this level.When volumetric loading rate increased stage by stage from 0.8 kg/(m3·d) to 3.5 kg/(m3·d),the reactor could perform steadily with a COD removal efficiency as high as 80%.Meanwhile,biogas productivities of unit volume was 1.2 L/(L·d).The reactor had some advantages of quick start-up speed,tending to forming the particulate the sludge and enduring pulse load by shortening the pulse time,increasing the number of cycle of cyanobacteria in the reactor,extending the flowing time of cyanobacteria in the reactor channel,overcoming the phenomenon of cyanobacteria floating,and raising the probability of contact between the cyanobacteria and the sludge.The removal rate of microcystins(TMC-LR,EMC-LR) was over 90%,which indicated that the reactor had a good removal effect on microcystins of the composted cyanobacteria.The main reason for microcystins removal was the effective intercept of cyanobacteria by a large number of cultivated anaerobic granular sludge and the enrichment of numerous indigenous bacteria in the reactor.The methanation kinetics of composted algae water substrated with the granular sludge from the pulse cycle corridor anaerobic reactor was investigated.The maximum specific degradation rate,half saturation constant,and yield coefficient were 1.253 mg/(mg·d),11 770 mg/L,and 0.256 mL /mg,respectively.Observed by a scanning electron microscope(SEM),the granular sludge was found in the stabilization stage with coupled growing micro-organisms,including methanosarcina,filamentous bacteria,and rod-shaped bacteria.Proteinase,coenzyme F420 and TTC-dehydrogenase activity of granular sludge from pulse cycle corridor anaerobic reactor had been in high level during the duration of the experiment.Results indicated that the pulse cycle corridor anaerobic reactor could effectively deal with the algae-laden water from the Taihu Lake.It provided important value for the biogas fermentation of algae.
引文
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[15]张代钧,任宏洋,祖波,等.NO2对对颗粒污泥甲烷化动力学特性的影响[J].环境工程学报,2007,1(12):33-36.Zhang Daijun,Ren Hongyang,Zu Bo,et al.Effects of NO2on methanogenesis kinetics of granular sludge[J].Chinese Journal of EnvironmentalEngineering,2007,1(12):33-36.(in Chinese with English abstract)
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[18]赵来利,佘宗莲,高孟春.常温下ABR处理低浓度废水性能及污泥特性[J].环境工程学报,2010,4(4):761-766.Zhao Laili,She Zonglian,Gao Mengchun.Treatment of low strength wastewater and sludge characteristics in anaerobic baffled reactor at normal temperatures[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2010,4(4):761-766.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[19]朱南文,闵航.TTC-脱氢酶测定方法的探讨[J].中国沼气,1996,14(2):3-5.Zhu Nanwen,Min Hang.The study of determination on TTC-dehydrogenase activity[J].China Biogas,1996,14(2):3-5.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[20]张寒俊,刘大川,杨国燕.紫外光谱法定量测定不同种蛋白酶活力的研究[J].粮食与饲料工业,2004(9):44-45.Zhang Hanjun,Liu Dachun,Yang Guoyan.Exploring the way of determining the activity of the different proteases by UV spectrophotometry[J].Cereal and Feed Industry,2004(9):44-45.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[21]俞毓馨,吴庆国,孟宪庭.环境工程微生物检验手册[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1990:186-189.
[22]程斌,浦跃朴,尹立红.藻毒素的检测与生物学效应评价的研究进展[J].东南大学学报:医学版,2004,23(1):57-61.Cheng Bin,Pu Yuepu,Yin Lihong.Research advances on detection and biological effect evaluation of cyanobacteria[J].Journal of Southeast University:Medical Science Edition,2004,23(1):57-61.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[23]Gupta N,Pant S C,Vijayaraghavan R,et al.Comparative toxicity evaluation of cyanobacterial cyclic peptide toxin microcystin variants(LR,RR,YR)in mice[J].Toxicology,2003,188(2/3):285-296.
[24]倪利晓,李时银.UBF厌氧反应器处理病毒唑制药废水的研究[J].河海大学学报,2009,37(3):133-137.Ni Lixiao,Li Shiyin.Treatment of ribavirin medicine wastewater by UBF system[J].Journal of Hohai University(Natural Sciences),2009,37(3):133-137.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[25]胡纪萃.废水厌氧生物处理理论与技术[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2003:137-141.
[26]王向东,谢嘉,杨靖霞.制酒废水高温厌氧消化动力学研究[J].成都科技大学学报,1996,91(3):43-47.Wang Xiangdong,Xie Jia,Yang Jingxia.Kinetie study of thermophilie anaerobic digestion of wine-distillery wastewater[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Science and Technology,1996,91(3):43-47.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[27]徐向阳,冯孝善.厌氧附着膨胀床反应器稳态运行的过程动力学[J].环境科学学报,1989,9(3):267-275.Xu Xiangyan,Feng Xiaoshan.Process kinetics for anaerobic attached film expanded bed reactor under steady state operation[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,1989,9(3):267-275.(in Chinese with English abstract).
[28]顾夏声.废水生物处理数学模式[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1993:56.
[29]Cheng Yunhuan,Sang Shuxun,Huang Huazhou,et al.Variation of coenzyme F420activity and methane yield in landfill simulation of organic waste[J].Journal of ChinaUniversity of Mining and Technology,2007,17(3):403-408.
[30]Dong Fang,Zhao Quanbao,Zhao Jinbao,et al.Monitoring the restart-up of an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket(UASB)reactor for the treatment of a soybean processing wastewater[J].Bioresource Technology,2010,101(6):1722-1726.
[2]Chen Xiaoguo,Yang Xia,Yang Lili.An effective pathway for the removal of microcystin LR via anoxic biodegradation in lake sediments[J].Water Research,2010,44(6):1884-1892.
[3]Guo L.Doing battle with the gleen monster of Taihu lake[J].Science,2007,317(5842):1166.
[4]戴瑾瑾,陈德辉,高云芳,等.蓝藻毒素的研究概况[J].武汉植物学研究,2009,27(1):90-97.Dai Jinjin,Chen Dehui,Gao Yunfang,et al.Research Progress on Cyanobacterial Toxin[J].Journal of Wuhan Botanical Research,2009,27(1):90-97.(in Chinese with English abstract).
[5]TripathiR D,DwivediS,ShuklaM K,et al.Role of blue green algae biofertilizer in ameliorating the nitrogen demand and flyash stress to the growth and yield of rice(Oryza sativaL.)[J].Plants Chemosphere,2008,70(10):1919-1929.
[6]赵以军,王旭,程凯.滇池微囊藻“水华”藻胆蛋白资源化研究[J].华中师范大学学报,1998,32(3):333-336.Zhao Yijun,Wang Xu,Cheng Kai.Research on phycobiliproteins from microsystisin Dianchi lake,China[J].Journal of Central China Normal University,1998,32(3):333-336.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[7]李冰,张学成,高美华,等.钝顶螺旋藻藻蓝蛋白和多糖的抗肿瘤免疫活性研究[J].中国海洋大学学报,2004,34(3):396-402.Li Bing,Zhang Xuecheng,Gao Meihua,et al.Study on the antitumor immune activities of phycocyanin and polysaccharide from spirulina platensis[J].Periodical of ocean university of China,2004,34(3):396-402.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[8]Hee J,Masabiro M,HisashiM,et al.Oscillapeptin,an elastase and chymorypsin inhibitor from the cyanobacterium oscil-latoria agardbin(NIES-204)[J].Tetrahedron Letters,1995,36(29):5235.
[9]王志方,艾秀莲,李晨华,等.蓝细菌多糖研究进展[J].新疆农业科学,2003,40(1):20-23.Wang Zhifang,Ai Xiulian,Li Chenhua,et al.Study on the polysaccharides from cyanobacteria[J].Xinjiang Agricultural Science,2003,40(1):20-23.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]彭书传,侯成虎,王进,等.玉米秸秆与巢湖蓝藻混合厌氧发酵的产沼气性能[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(15):173-179.Peng Shuchuan,Hou Chenghu,Wang Jin,et al.Performance of anaerobic co-digestion of corn straw and algae biomass from lake Chaohu[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2012,28(15):173-179.(in Chinese with English abstract).
[11]Frankin R J.Full scale experiences with anaerobic treatment of industrial wastewater[J].Wat.Sci.Tech.,2001,44(8):1-6.
[12]翟志军,马欢,李军,等.巢湖蓝藻产沼气的试验研究[J].安徽农业科学,2008,36(12):5084-5085,5087.Zhai Zhijun,Ma Huan,Li Jun,et al.Study on the production biogas with blue algae from Chaohu lake[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2008,36(12):5084-5085,5087.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]Zhou W G,Cheng Y L,Li Yun,et al.Novel fungal pelletization-assisted technology for algae harvesting and wastewater treatment[J].Appl Biochem Biotechnol,2012,167(2):214-228.
[14]杜静,严少华,常志州,等.太湖蓝藻产沼气潜力及复合折流板反应器(ABR)工艺中试[J].江苏农业学报,2008,24(6):948-953.Du Jing,Yan Shaohua,Chang Zhizhou,et al.Potential of methane production of blue algae and its feasibility of fermentation with anaerobic baffled reactor[J]Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2008,24(6):948-953.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]张代钧,任宏洋,祖波,等.NO2对对颗粒污泥甲烷化动力学特性的影响[J].环境工程学报,2007,1(12):33-36.Zhang Daijun,Ren Hongyang,Zu Bo,et al.Effects of NO2on methanogenesis kinetics of granular sludge[J].Chinese Journal of EnvironmentalEngineering,2007,1(12):33-36.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[16]国家环保局《水和废水监测分析方法》编委会.水和废水监测分析方法[M].第4版.北京:中国环境科学出版社,2004:102-226.
[17]张立将,尹立红,浦跃朴,等.水中微囊藻毒素高效液相色谱检测与前处理条件优化[J].东南大学学报:自然科学版,2005,35(3):446-451.Zhang Lijiang,Yin Lihong,PuYuepu,et al.Optimization in analysis and sample preparation ofm icrocystins in water with high-performance liquid chromatography[J].Journal of southeast university(medical science edition),2005,35(3):446-451.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[18]赵来利,佘宗莲,高孟春.常温下ABR处理低浓度废水性能及污泥特性[J].环境工程学报,2010,4(4):761-766.Zhao Laili,She Zonglian,Gao Mengchun.Treatment of low strength wastewater and sludge characteristics in anaerobic baffled reactor at normal temperatures[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2010,4(4):761-766.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[19]朱南文,闵航.TTC-脱氢酶测定方法的探讨[J].中国沼气,1996,14(2):3-5.Zhu Nanwen,Min Hang.The study of determination on TTC-dehydrogenase activity[J].China Biogas,1996,14(2):3-5.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[20]张寒俊,刘大川,杨国燕.紫外光谱法定量测定不同种蛋白酶活力的研究[J].粮食与饲料工业,2004(9):44-45.Zhang Hanjun,Liu Dachun,Yang Guoyan.Exploring the way of determining the activity of the different proteases by UV spectrophotometry[J].Cereal and Feed Industry,2004(9):44-45.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[21]俞毓馨,吴庆国,孟宪庭.环境工程微生物检验手册[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1990:186-189.
[22]程斌,浦跃朴,尹立红.藻毒素的检测与生物学效应评价的研究进展[J].东南大学学报:医学版,2004,23(1):57-61.Cheng Bin,Pu Yuepu,Yin Lihong.Research advances on detection and biological effect evaluation of cyanobacteria[J].Journal of Southeast University:Medical Science Edition,2004,23(1):57-61.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[23]Gupta N,Pant S C,Vijayaraghavan R,et al.Comparative toxicity evaluation of cyanobacterial cyclic peptide toxin microcystin variants(LR,RR,YR)in mice[J].Toxicology,2003,188(2/3):285-296.
[24]倪利晓,李时银.UBF厌氧反应器处理病毒唑制药废水的研究[J].河海大学学报,2009,37(3):133-137.Ni Lixiao,Li Shiyin.Treatment of ribavirin medicine wastewater by UBF system[J].Journal of Hohai University(Natural Sciences),2009,37(3):133-137.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[25]胡纪萃.废水厌氧生物处理理论与技术[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2003:137-141.
[26]王向东,谢嘉,杨靖霞.制酒废水高温厌氧消化动力学研究[J].成都科技大学学报,1996,91(3):43-47.Wang Xiangdong,Xie Jia,Yang Jingxia.Kinetie study of thermophilie anaerobic digestion of wine-distillery wastewater[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Science and Technology,1996,91(3):43-47.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[27]徐向阳,冯孝善.厌氧附着膨胀床反应器稳态运行的过程动力学[J].环境科学学报,1989,9(3):267-275.Xu Xiangyan,Feng Xiaoshan.Process kinetics for anaerobic attached film expanded bed reactor under steady state operation[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,1989,9(3):267-275.(in Chinese with English abstract).
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