电力振动器激振作用下的套管串振动特性
|
摘要
振动固井是一种能够明显提高固井界面胶结强度的新方法,但推广使用该方法则需要解决水泥浆候凝阶段如何使固井管柱产生井下径向振动的问题。为此,研制了电力振动器。该振动器由高温电机振动组件把电能转化为机械能,电机振动组件通过输出轴带动偏心块旋转形成激振源,对套管串底部产生一个沿轴向方向旋转的激振力;然后运用主坐标分析法,分析激振力在直井套管串产生的振动特性,得出电力振动器振动对套管串产生的动响应模型;最后以某井井身结构设计为依据,分析了不同套管串长度、不同激振力和不同振动频率对套管串最下端的振动幅值的影响。研究结果表明:(1)套管串长度与套管串最下端的振动幅值呈反比关系;(2)激振力与套管串最下端的振动幅值呈正比关系;(3)振动频率的平方与套管串最下端的振动幅值呈反比关系。该研究成果可为在不同井深和不同振幅需求的固井现场应用振动固井技术提供理论支撑。
Vibration cementing is a new technique that can significantly improve the bond strength of cementing interface. To popularize this technique, it is necessary to solve the key problem of how to make cementing string generate downhole radial vibration in the cement coagulation stage. For this purpose, an electric vibrator was developed. With this vibrator, electric energy is converted into mechanical energy by means of a high-temperature motor vibration unit. The motor vibration unit rotates the eccentric block through an output shaft to generate an exciting source, which produces an axial-rotating exciting force at the bottom of the casing string. Then, the vibration characteristics of vertical well casing string under the exciting force were analyzed by using the principle coordinate analysis method, and the response model of casing string to an electric vibrator was developed. Finally, the effects of casing string length, exciting force and vibration frequency on the vibration amplitude at the lowermost of the casing string were analyzed based on a certain casing program. It is indicated that the casing string length and the square of vibration frequency are inversely proportional to the vibration amplitude at the lowermost of the casing string, and the exciting force is proportional to the vibration amplitude at the lowermost of the casing string. These research results provide a theoretical support for the application of vibration cementing technology to the cementing sites with different requirements on well depth and amplitude.
Vibration cementing is a new technique that can significantly improve the bond strength of cementing interface. To popularize this technique, it is necessary to solve the key problem of how to make cementing string generate downhole radial vibration in the cement coagulation stage. For this purpose, an electric vibrator was developed. With this vibrator, electric energy is converted into mechanical energy by means of a high-temperature motor vibration unit. The motor vibration unit rotates the eccentric block through an output shaft to generate an exciting source, which produces an axial-rotating exciting force at the bottom of the casing string. Then, the vibration characteristics of vertical well casing string under the exciting force were analyzed by using the principle coordinate analysis method, and the response model of casing string to an electric vibrator was developed. Finally, the effects of casing string length, exciting force and vibration frequency on the vibration amplitude at the lowermost of the casing string were analyzed based on a certain casing program. It is indicated that the casing string length and the square of vibration frequency are inversely proportional to the vibration amplitude at the lowermost of the casing string, and the exciting force is proportional to the vibration amplitude at the lowermost of the casing string. These research results provide a theoretical support for the application of vibration cementing technology to the cementing sites with different requirements on well depth and amplitude.
引文
[1]Newman K,Wojtanowicz A&Gahan BC.Cement pulsation improves gas well cementing[J].World Oil,2001,222(7):89-94.
[2]Chimmalgi VS&Wojtanowicz AK.Design of cement pulsation treatment in gas wells-model and fi eld validation[J].Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology,2005,44(6):36-45.
[3]聂翠平,李相方,叶登胜,周正,邹详富.可钻型低频自激震荡脉动固井装置的研制与应用[J].天然气工业,2012,32(9):74-76.Nie Cuiping,Li Xiangfang,Ye Dengsheng,Zhou Zheng&Zou Xiangfu.Development and application of a drillable,low-frequency and self-excited vibration pulsing cementing unit[J].Natural Gas Industry,2012,32(9):74-76.
[4]丁士东,廖华林,李根生,张克坚.井口脉冲压力在环空中传播规律分析[J].天然气工业,2007,27(2):57-59.Ding Shidong,Liao Hualin,Li Gensheng&Zhang Kejian.Study on transmitting rules of wellhead hydraulic pulse pressure along well annular space[J].Natural Gas Industry,2007,27(2):57-59.
[5]梅明佳,江维,魏周胜.偏心机械式振动固井技术在长庆油田的应用[J].钻井液与完井液,2016,33(4):97-100.Mei Mingjia,Jiang Wei&Wei Zhousheng.The application of eccentric mechanical vibration cementing technique in Changqing[J].Drilling Fluid&Completion Fluid,2016,33(4):97-100.
[6]刘小利,夏宏南,王小建,陶谦,张旭.水力脉冲振动技术提高固井质量的研究与应用[J].钻采工艺,2007,30(2):20-21.Liu Xiaoli,Xia Hongnan,Wang Xiaojian,Tao Qian&Zhang Xu.Research and application of water power vibratory impulse technique in improving cementing quality[J].Drilling&Production Technology,2007,30(2):20-21.
[7]练章华,蒋洪,李文魁.关于顶部水泥脉冲振动设备参数的讨论[J].石油机械,2000,28(9):39-41.Lian Zhanghua,Jiang Hong&Li Wenkui.Discussion of the parameters of top cement pulsation[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2000,28(9):39-41.
[8]尹宜勇,刘硕琼,王兆会.振动固井电力振动器激振力和振幅分析[J].石油钻采工艺,2016,38(3):327-330.Yin Yiyong,Liu Shuoqiong&Wang Zhaohui.Exciting force and amplitude of electric vibrator used in vibration cementing[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2016,38(3):327-330.
[9]王可,樊鹏.机械振动与噪声控制的理论、技术及方法[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2015.Wang Ke&Fan Peng.Theory,technology and method of mechanical vibration and noise control[M].Beijing:China Machine Press,2015.
[2]Chimmalgi VS&Wojtanowicz AK.Design of cement pulsation treatment in gas wells-model and fi eld validation[J].Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology,2005,44(6):36-45.
[3]聂翠平,李相方,叶登胜,周正,邹详富.可钻型低频自激震荡脉动固井装置的研制与应用[J].天然气工业,2012,32(9):74-76.Nie Cuiping,Li Xiangfang,Ye Dengsheng,Zhou Zheng&Zou Xiangfu.Development and application of a drillable,low-frequency and self-excited vibration pulsing cementing unit[J].Natural Gas Industry,2012,32(9):74-76.
[4]丁士东,廖华林,李根生,张克坚.井口脉冲压力在环空中传播规律分析[J].天然气工业,2007,27(2):57-59.Ding Shidong,Liao Hualin,Li Gensheng&Zhang Kejian.Study on transmitting rules of wellhead hydraulic pulse pressure along well annular space[J].Natural Gas Industry,2007,27(2):57-59.
[5]梅明佳,江维,魏周胜.偏心机械式振动固井技术在长庆油田的应用[J].钻井液与完井液,2016,33(4):97-100.Mei Mingjia,Jiang Wei&Wei Zhousheng.The application of eccentric mechanical vibration cementing technique in Changqing[J].Drilling Fluid&Completion Fluid,2016,33(4):97-100.
[6]刘小利,夏宏南,王小建,陶谦,张旭.水力脉冲振动技术提高固井质量的研究与应用[J].钻采工艺,2007,30(2):20-21.Liu Xiaoli,Xia Hongnan,Wang Xiaojian,Tao Qian&Zhang Xu.Research and application of water power vibratory impulse technique in improving cementing quality[J].Drilling&Production Technology,2007,30(2):20-21.
[7]练章华,蒋洪,李文魁.关于顶部水泥脉冲振动设备参数的讨论[J].石油机械,2000,28(9):39-41.Lian Zhanghua,Jiang Hong&Li Wenkui.Discussion of the parameters of top cement pulsation[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2000,28(9):39-41.
[8]尹宜勇,刘硕琼,王兆会.振动固井电力振动器激振力和振幅分析[J].石油钻采工艺,2016,38(3):327-330.Yin Yiyong,Liu Shuoqiong&Wang Zhaohui.Exciting force and amplitude of electric vibrator used in vibration cementing[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2016,38(3):327-330.
[9]王可,樊鹏.机械振动与噪声控制的理论、技术及方法[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2015.Wang Ke&Fan Peng.Theory,technology and method of mechanical vibration and noise control[M].Beijing:China Machine Press,2015.