挥发性有机物工业基地附近居民内暴露情况
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摘要
目的对某挥发性有机物(VOCs)工业基地附近居民和对照区居民的VOCs内暴露情况进行检测,并分析工业基地是否造成附近居民内暴露水平的提高。方法选择工业基地A附近常住居民作为暴露组,同时设立1∶1匹配(年龄±3岁,性别相同)的对照组。收集居民基本信息,采用吹扫捕集气质联用法检测其全血中VOCs(苯系物和卤代烃)的浓度并统计分析其差异。结果暴露组甲苯检出率高于对照组;苯、乙苯、邻二甲苯、对/间二甲苯、四氯化碳、一溴二氯甲烷和三氯乙烯暴露组浓度中位数高于对照组,检出率高于对照组。结论工业基地A升高了附近居民乙苯、邻二甲苯、对/间二甲苯的内暴露水平。同时建议重视三氯乙烯的生化危害及防护宣传。
Objective To detect the internal exposure of volatile organic compounds( VOCs) in residents near an industrial base and residents of control area,and to analyze whether the industrial base had caused an increase in exposure levels among nearby residents. Methods Residents near the industrial base A were selected as the exposure group. At the same time,a 1∶ 1 matching( age ± 3,same sex) control group was established. The basic information of residents was collected; VOCs( benzene compounds and halo-hydrocarbons) in whole blood were detected by the method of purge and trap; and the differences were statistically analyzed. Results The detection rate of toluene in exposure group was higher than the control group. The medians of concentration of benzene,ethylbenzene,o-xylene,m-/p-xylene,tetrachloromethane,bromodichloromethane and trichloro ethylene in exposure group were all higher than control group,and the same was observed on the detection rate. Conclusion Industrial base A raised the internal exposure levels of ethylbenzene,o-xylene,and m-/p-xylene of nearby residents. It is recommended to propagandize the biohazard of trichloroethylene and the preventive measures.
Objective To detect the internal exposure of volatile organic compounds( VOCs) in residents near an industrial base and residents of control area,and to analyze whether the industrial base had caused an increase in exposure levels among nearby residents. Methods Residents near the industrial base A were selected as the exposure group. At the same time,a 1∶ 1 matching( age ± 3,same sex) control group was established. The basic information of residents was collected; VOCs( benzene compounds and halo-hydrocarbons) in whole blood were detected by the method of purge and trap; and the differences were statistically analyzed. Results The detection rate of toluene in exposure group was higher than the control group. The medians of concentration of benzene,ethylbenzene,o-xylene,m-/p-xylene,tetrachloromethane,bromodichloromethane and trichloro ethylene in exposure group were all higher than control group,and the same was observed on the detection rate. Conclusion Industrial base A raised the internal exposure levels of ethylbenzene,o-xylene,and m-/p-xylene of nearby residents. It is recommended to propagandize the biohazard of trichloroethylene and the preventive measures.
引文
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[17]李新伟,崔永学,张扬,等.济南市市政供水三氯甲烷和四氯化碳含量及风险评估[J].环境卫生学杂志,2018,8(1):42-45.LI Xinw ei,CUI Yongxue,ZHANG Yang,et al. Assessment on the levels and health risks of chloroform and carbon tetrachloride in municipal w ater supplies in Jinan[J]. Journal of Environmental Hygiene,2018,8(1):42-45.
[18]黄伯越,冯海飞,蓝结群,等.一起急性三氯甲烷中毒事故调查[J].职业与健康,2008,24(18):1876-1877.HUANG Boyue,FENG Haifei,LAN Jiequn,et al. Investigation of a case of acute trichloromethane poisoning[J]. Occupation and Health,2008,24(18):1876-1877.
[19]邵迪初.一起三氯甲烷作业工人肝脏损害调查分析[J].工业卫生与职业病,2001,27(6):362-363.
[20]翟延龙.城市饮用水水源四氯化碳检测结果探究[J].世界最新医学信息文摘(连续型电子期刊),2015,(60):100,104.
[21]李迎玲,张金方,高瑞林,等.城市饮用水水源四氯化碳监测结果分析[J].现代预防医学,2007,34(5):898,900.LI Yingling,ZHANG Jinfang,GAO Rinlin,et al. The analysis on the carbon tetrachloride examination result from headw aters of the city's drinking w ater[J]. M odern Preventive M edicine,2007,34(5):898,900.
[22]廖静.一溴二氯甲烷的微核效应及对细胞增生的机制探讨[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2013.
[23]魏建荣,王振刚.饮用水中消毒副产物研究进展[J].卫生研究,2004,33(1):115-118.WEI Jianrong,WANG Zhengang. Study advance and control measure on disinfection by-products in drinking w ater[J]. Journal of Hygiene Research,2004,33(1):115-118.
[24]叶必雄,王五一.饮用水消毒副产物暴露评价研究进展[J].卫生研究,2009,38(4):495-499.YE Bixiong,WANG Wuyi. Advances of study on assessing exposure to disinfection by-products in drinking w ater[J]. Journal of Hygiene Research,2009,38(4):495-499.
[25]黄汉林,李来玉,陈秉炯.广东省三氯乙烯职业危害新问题研究进展[J].中国职业医学,2002,29(3):2-3.
[26]余新天,陈伟武,朱志良,等.三氯乙烯职业危害的预防与控制[J].中华劳动卫生职业病杂志,2014,32(2):131-132.
[27]Prout MS,Provan WM,Green T. Species differences in response to trichloroethylene. I. Pharmacokinetics in rats and mice[J]. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol,1985,79(3):389-400.
[28]国家食品药品监督管理总局.世界卫生组织国际癌症研究机构致癌物清单[EB/OL].(2017-10-27)[2018-09-20]. http://samr. cfda. gov. cn/WS01/CL1991/215896. html.
[2] United States Environmental Protection Agency. Volatile organic compounds'impact on indoor air quality[EB/OL].(2017-11-06)[2018-09-20]. https://w w w. epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/volatile-organic-compoundsimpact-indoor-air-quality#Health_Effects.
[3]中华人民共和国财政部.关于印发《挥发性有机物排污收费试点办法》的通知[EB/OL].(2015-06-18)[2018-02-23]. http://szs. mof. gov. cn/zhengw uxinxi/zhengcefabu/201506/t20150625_1261143. html.
[4]王玮,李成思.大气污染防治法修改了什么?专访中国环境科学研究院副院长柴发合[EB/OL].(2014-09-18)[2018-09-20]. http://w w w. mee. gov. cn/gzfw_13107/zcfg/zcfgjd/201605/t20160522_343073. shtml.
[5]陈枢青.环境污染物内暴露剂量测量的应用研究现状及其前景[J].浙江大学学报(医学版),2009,38(3):226-228.
[6]中国气象局公共气象服务中心.中国天气网(济南气候背景分析)[EB/OL].(2018-02-23)[2018-02-23]. http://w w w. w eather. com. cn/cityintro/101120101. shtml.
[7]Blount BC,Kobelski RJ,Mc Elprang DO,et al. Quantification of 31 volatile organic compounds in w hole blood using solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry[J]. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci,2006,832(2):292-301.
[8]Ashley DL,Bonin MA,Cardinali FL,et al. Determining volatile organic compounds in human blood from a large sample population by using purge and trap gas chromatography/mass spectrometry[J]. Anal Chem,1992,64(9):1021-1029.
[9]邹宇,邓雪娇,李菲.广州市大气中苯系物健康风险评价[J].环境与健康杂志,2014,31(12):1079-1081.ZOU Yu,DENG Xuejiao,LI Fei. Health risk assessment of atmospheric benzene compounds in Guangzhou[J].Journal of Environment and Health,2014,31(12):1079-1081.
[10]雷雅静,朱银焕,施卫星,等.几种环境污染物质在体检人群中的内暴露水平[J].浙江大学学报(医学版),2013,42(1):14-18.LEI Yajing,ZHU Yinhuan,SHI Weixing,et al. Determination of several environmental contaminants in human body[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University(M edical Sciences),2013,42(1):14-18.
[11] Statistics Canada. Concentrations of selected environmental chemicals in the Canadian population[EB/OL].(2017-08-24)[2018-02-23]. http://www. statcan. gc.ca/pub/82-627-x/82-627-x2017001-eng. htm.
[12]李湉湉,程艳丽,颜敏,等.贵阳市室内空气中苯和甲醛的健康风险评价[J].环境与健康杂志,2008,25(9):757-759.LI Tiantian,CHENG Yanli,YAN M in,et al. human health risk assessment of benzene and formaldehyde in different indoor environment in Guiyang city[J]. Journal of Environment and Health,2008,25(9):757-759.
[13]United States Environmental Protection Agency. Risk assessment:guidance for superfund volume 1 human health evaluation manual(Part A)[EB/OL].(2010-04-01)[2018-02-23]. https://www. epa. gov/sites/production/files/2015-09/documents/rags_a. pdf.
[14] United States Environmental Protection Agency. Guidelines for carcinogen risk assessment[EB/OL].(2005-03-01)[2018-02-23]. https://w w w. epa. gov/risk/guidelines-carcinogen-risk-assessment.
[15]中华人民共和国卫生部,中国国家标准化委员会.GB/T 5750. 10-2006生活饮用水标准检验方法消毒副产物指标[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2007.
[16]周志荣,王红伟,张淼,等.北京市生活饮用水及家用净水设备出水中挥发性有机物的水平调查[J].环境与健康杂志,2017,34(5):420-422.ZHOU Zhirong,WANG Hongw ei,ZHANG M iao,et al. Investigation of volatile organic compounds in tap w ater and purified w ater produced by w ater treatment units in Beijing[J]. Journal of Environment and Health,2017,34(5):420-422.
[17]李新伟,崔永学,张扬,等.济南市市政供水三氯甲烷和四氯化碳含量及风险评估[J].环境卫生学杂志,2018,8(1):42-45.LI Xinw ei,CUI Yongxue,ZHANG Yang,et al. Assessment on the levels and health risks of chloroform and carbon tetrachloride in municipal w ater supplies in Jinan[J]. Journal of Environmental Hygiene,2018,8(1):42-45.
[18]黄伯越,冯海飞,蓝结群,等.一起急性三氯甲烷中毒事故调查[J].职业与健康,2008,24(18):1876-1877.HUANG Boyue,FENG Haifei,LAN Jiequn,et al. Investigation of a case of acute trichloromethane poisoning[J]. Occupation and Health,2008,24(18):1876-1877.
[19]邵迪初.一起三氯甲烷作业工人肝脏损害调查分析[J].工业卫生与职业病,2001,27(6):362-363.
[20]翟延龙.城市饮用水水源四氯化碳检测结果探究[J].世界最新医学信息文摘(连续型电子期刊),2015,(60):100,104.
[21]李迎玲,张金方,高瑞林,等.城市饮用水水源四氯化碳监测结果分析[J].现代预防医学,2007,34(5):898,900.LI Yingling,ZHANG Jinfang,GAO Rinlin,et al. The analysis on the carbon tetrachloride examination result from headw aters of the city's drinking w ater[J]. M odern Preventive M edicine,2007,34(5):898,900.
[22]廖静.一溴二氯甲烷的微核效应及对细胞增生的机制探讨[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2013.
[23]魏建荣,王振刚.饮用水中消毒副产物研究进展[J].卫生研究,2004,33(1):115-118.WEI Jianrong,WANG Zhengang. Study advance and control measure on disinfection by-products in drinking w ater[J]. Journal of Hygiene Research,2004,33(1):115-118.
[24]叶必雄,王五一.饮用水消毒副产物暴露评价研究进展[J].卫生研究,2009,38(4):495-499.YE Bixiong,WANG Wuyi. Advances of study on assessing exposure to disinfection by-products in drinking w ater[J]. Journal of Hygiene Research,2009,38(4):495-499.
[25]黄汉林,李来玉,陈秉炯.广东省三氯乙烯职业危害新问题研究进展[J].中国职业医学,2002,29(3):2-3.
[26]余新天,陈伟武,朱志良,等.三氯乙烯职业危害的预防与控制[J].中华劳动卫生职业病杂志,2014,32(2):131-132.
[27]Prout MS,Provan WM,Green T. Species differences in response to trichloroethylene. I. Pharmacokinetics in rats and mice[J]. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol,1985,79(3):389-400.
[28]国家食品药品监督管理总局.世界卫生组织国际癌症研究机构致癌物清单[EB/OL].(2017-10-27)[2018-09-20]. http://samr. cfda. gov. cn/WS01/CL1991/215896. html.