偏高水分玉米“控温保水”储粮新工艺研究Ⅱ不同储藏温度对玉米品质的影响
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摘要
对两种水分含量(13.80%、15.30%)玉米在4个储藏温度(15、20、25、30℃)进行180 d的模拟试验。研究表明:在相同储藏期内,水分含量越高、储藏温度越高,游离脂肪酸含量和菌落总数越高,发芽势和发芽率越低;粮食水分、储粮温度对玉米的储藏品质影响明显。随着储藏时间的延长,玉米籽粒中的过氧化氢酶活性呈现下降趋势,且水分含量15.30%的玉米籽粒在25℃、30℃时各指标的变化要比水分含量13.80%的更快,而在15℃、20℃时,两种水分玉米籽粒的变化趋势相对缓和。因此,玉米脂肪酸值在不同储存条件下的超标控制点不同,水分含量15.30%的玉米在20℃、水分含量13.80%的玉米在25℃下的安全储藏期为180 d。本研究为应用"表干内湿、控温保水"储粮新工艺保存偏高水分玉米提供了理论依据与技术支持。
A simulated study was conducted using maize(13.80% and 15.30% moisture content) after 180 d storage at 15,20,25 and 30 ℃. The results showed that the higher moisture content and storage temperature,the higher contents of fatty acid and total bacterial count,and the lower germination energy and germination percentage were observed in the same storage period. Grain moisture and storage temperature had obvious influences on the storage quality of maize. The activity of catalase in the maize kernel showed downward trend with the storage time. A comparison of 15.30% and 13.80% moisture content in maize kernel indicated that indexes of the former had larger change at 25 ℃ and 30 ℃,but the trends of the above two maize samples with different moistures were relatively moderate at 15 ℃ and 20 ℃. Therefore,the control point of exceeding quality standards about maize fatty acid value(78 mg/100 g) under different storage conditions were different. Maize with 15.30% moisture content could be safely stored at 20 ℃ for 180 d,and maize with 13.80% moisture content could be safely stored at 25 ℃ for 180 d. This research provided the theoretical basis and technical support for application of "Surface dry and interior moist,temperature controlling and water conservation"to store the high-moisture maize.
A simulated study was conducted using maize(13.80% and 15.30% moisture content) after 180 d storage at 15,20,25 and 30 ℃. The results showed that the higher moisture content and storage temperature,the higher contents of fatty acid and total bacterial count,and the lower germination energy and germination percentage were observed in the same storage period. Grain moisture and storage temperature had obvious influences on the storage quality of maize. The activity of catalase in the maize kernel showed downward trend with the storage time. A comparison of 15.30% and 13.80% moisture content in maize kernel indicated that indexes of the former had larger change at 25 ℃ and 30 ℃,but the trends of the above two maize samples with different moistures were relatively moderate at 15 ℃ and 20 ℃. Therefore,the control point of exceeding quality standards about maize fatty acid value(78 mg/100 g) under different storage conditions were different. Maize with 15.30% moisture content could be safely stored at 20 ℃ for 180 d,and maize with 13.80% moisture content could be safely stored at 25 ℃ for 180 d. This research provided the theoretical basis and technical support for application of "Surface dry and interior moist,temperature controlling and water conservation"to store the high-moisture maize.
引文
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[2]徐俊,吴皆春.高水分粮保管技术新探:间歇性机械通风升温降水保粮法简析[J].粮油仓储科技通讯,2000(2):17-19.
[3]杨继祥,张永君,韩伟.玉米储藏发热现象的防治[J].粮食与食品工业,2011,18(6):42-43.
[4]郑秉照.南方地区偏高水分玉米安全储藏保水试验技术应用[J].粮油仓储科技通讯,2016(4):20-21.
[5]余红.玉米的储藏特点及方法[J].安徽农学通报(下半月刊),2012,18(12):186.
[6]李改婵,贺喜祥,高峰,等.浅析玉米储藏品质变化趋势与控制[J].粮食储藏,2010,39(5):39-41.
[7]班淑范,王艳春,卢景萍,等.玉米的品质变化及安全储藏技术[J].吉林农业,2005(6):34.
[8]吴存荣,张玉荣,刘婷,等.玉米储藏过程中品质指标变化研究[J].郑州工程学院学报,2004,25(2):50-52.
[9]张玉荣,温纪平,周显青.不同储藏温度下玉米品质变化研究[J].粮食储藏,2003,32(3):7-9.
[10]胡元森,王改利,李翠香,等.玉米储藏期霉菌活动及玉米主要品质变化研究[J].河南工业大学学报(自然科学版),2010,31(3):16-19.
[11]畅鹏飞,修琳,蔡丹,等.玉米原粮贮藏过程中相关酶活性的变化[J].食品工业,2015(4):220-223.