激光焊线强度模型的建立以及失效预测
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摘要
针对冷成型热轧汽车结构钢S420MC和S520MC的激光焊接接头横截面进行压痕测试,建立焊线熔融区、热影响区和母材的材料本构方程。在韧性断裂和剪切失效的基础上,考虑到焊线破坏的时率相关性以及损伤累积性,采用Kolmogorov积分方程判断材料的失效,提出一种新的焊线失效模型(微观失效模型)。利用该模型模拟激光焊线在冲击载荷下的力学行为,并与现行的两种焊线数值模型(宏观一维模型和宏观三维模型)仿真结果对比。仿真对比结果表明,基于微观失效模型不仅获得了一致的强度评价,而且能够预测焊线撕裂发生时间以及撕裂开始发生的区域,更加真实地反映激光焊线在冲击载荷下的力学行为。
According to the welded joints of cold formed hot-rolled automobile structural steel S420 MC and S500 MC, indentation tests on the cross-section were carried out to establish the constitutive relation for melting zone、heat affected zone and base metal. Based on ductile rupture and shear failure, a new failure model(micro failure model) for welding line was proposed, in which Kolmogorov integral equation was used to be a failure criterion taking account into the time correlation and damage accumulation. On the basis of the model, mechanical behaviors of welding line under the condition of impact load were simulated, then compared the results with two other numerical models(macro one-dimensional model and macro three-dimensional model). The comparison results indicate that the simulation with micro failure model not only gives the uniform strength evaluation, but also can predict the time and area for initial ductile. Micro failure model could reflect the mechanical behaviors of laser welding line under impact load.
According to the welded joints of cold formed hot-rolled automobile structural steel S420 MC and S500 MC, indentation tests on the cross-section were carried out to establish the constitutive relation for melting zone、heat affected zone and base metal. Based on ductile rupture and shear failure, a new failure model(micro failure model) for welding line was proposed, in which Kolmogorov integral equation was used to be a failure criterion taking account into the time correlation and damage accumulation. On the basis of the model, mechanical behaviors of welding line under the condition of impact load were simulated, then compared the results with two other numerical models(macro one-dimensional model and macro three-dimensional model). The comparison results indicate that the simulation with micro failure model not only gives the uniform strength evaluation, but also can predict the time and area for initial ductile. Micro failure model could reflect the mechanical behaviors of laser welding line under impact load.
引文
[1] Chen X L, Yan H G, Chen J H, et al. Effects of grain size and precipitation on liquation cracking of AZ61 magnesium alloy laser welding joints[J]. Science & Technology of Welding & Joining, 2013, 18(6): 458-465.
[2] Cui L, Li X Y, He D Y, et al. Study on microtexture of laser welded 5A90 aluminium-lithium alloys using electron backscattered diffraction[J]. Science & Technology of Welding & Joining, 2013, 18(3): 204-209.
[3] Avilov V V, Gumenyuk A, Lammers M, et al. PA position full penetration high power laser beam welding of up to 30 mm thick AlMg3 plates using electromagnetic weld pool support[J]. Science & Technology of Welding & Joining, 2013, 17(2): 128-133.
[4] Park J H, Kim S K, Choi B I, et al. Optimal design of rear chassis components for lightweight automobile using design of experiment[J]. Materialwissenschaft Und Werkstofftechnik, 2010, 41(5): 391-397.
[5] Mei Z, Guo K, Yang H. Advances and trends in plastic forming technologies for welded tubes[J]. Chinese Journal of Aeronautics, 2016, 29(2): 305-315.
[6] 刘国承,田杰平,史玉升,等.汽车用钢焊接技术研究进展[J].激光与光电子学进展, 2015, 52(1): 28-34.LIU GuoCheng, TIAN JiePing, SHI YuSheng, et al. Review of welding technologies for automotive steel sheets[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2015, 52(1): 28-34 (In Chinese).
[7] Ha J, Huh H, Song J H. Failure Characterization of laser welds and spot welds under combined loading conditions[J]. International Journal of Automotive Technology, 2013, 15(2):237-252.
[8] Ha J, Huh H. Dynamic failure characterization of laser welds under combined loading conditions[J]. International Journal of Automotive Technology, 2014, 69(2):40-58.
[9] Lee J, Asim K, Pan J. Modeling of failure mode of laser welds in lap-shear specimens of HSLA steel sheets[J]. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 2011, 78(2):374-396.
[10] 陈炜,侯波,贝建伟,等.激光拼焊板破裂判据的建立及成形极限预测[J].江苏大学学报(自然科学版), 2008, 29(4): 280-283.CHEN Wei, HOU Bo, BEI JianWei, et al. Establishment of failure criterion and prediction of forming limit for laser tailor-welded blanks[J]. Journal of Jiangsu University(Natural Science Edition), 2008, 29(4): 280-283 (In Chinese).
[11] 熊林玉,张彦华.含裂纹强度失配焊接接头弹塑性变形分析[J].中国机械工程, 2012, 23(6):107-112.XIONG LinYu, ZHANG YanHua. Effect of strength mis-matching on elastic-plastic deformation behaviors of welded joints with cracks[J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2012, 23(6):107-112(In Chinese).
[12] 祝志文, 陈政清. 焊接钢结构件抗拉强度试验和有限元分析[J]. 机械强度, 2002, 24(4):575-578.ZHU ZhiWen, CHEN ZhengQing. Tests and FEM analysis for tensile strength of welded-steel structures[J]. Journal of Mechanical Strength, 2002, 24(4):575-578(In Chinese).
[13] Tamrin K F, Nukman Y, Sheikh N A. Laser spot welding of thermoplastic and ceramic: An experimental investigation[J]. Materials & Manufacturing Processes, 2015, 30(9): 1138-1145.
[14] Samuel E I, Choudhary B K. Universal scaling of work hardening parameters in type 316L(N) stainless steel[J]. Materials Science & Engineering A, 2010, 527(27): 7457-7460.
[15] Elgindi M B, Wei D, Liu Y, et al. Buckling and deformation of Hollomon’s power-law tubes[J]. Thin-Walled Structures, 2014, 74(74): 213-221.
[16] Kolmogorov V L. On the history of the determination of ductile fracture (ductility) of metals[J]. Journal of materials processing technology, 1997, 70(1): 190-193.
[17] Adib H, Jeong J, Pluvinage G. Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis of Tensile-Shear Spot-Welded Joints in Tensile and Compressive Loading Conditions[J]. Strength of Materials, 2004, 36(4):353-364.
[18] Kuppuswamy N, Schmidt R, Seeger F, et al. Finite element modeling of impact strength of laser welds for automotive applications[C]//WIT Transactions on the Built Environment. 2007:375-384.
[19] 窦丽英, 刘大维. 液压缸焊接部位有限元焊接模拟方法的探讨[J]. 机械设计与制造工程, 2015, 44(10):29-31.DOU LiYing, LIU DaWei. A study on the finite element modeling for welding process of welded cylinder parts[J]. Machine Design and Manufacturing Engineering, 2015, 44(10):29-31 (In Chinese).
[2] Cui L, Li X Y, He D Y, et al. Study on microtexture of laser welded 5A90 aluminium-lithium alloys using electron backscattered diffraction[J]. Science & Technology of Welding & Joining, 2013, 18(3): 204-209.
[3] Avilov V V, Gumenyuk A, Lammers M, et al. PA position full penetration high power laser beam welding of up to 30 mm thick AlMg3 plates using electromagnetic weld pool support[J]. Science & Technology of Welding & Joining, 2013, 17(2): 128-133.
[4] Park J H, Kim S K, Choi B I, et al. Optimal design of rear chassis components for lightweight automobile using design of experiment[J]. Materialwissenschaft Und Werkstofftechnik, 2010, 41(5): 391-397.
[5] Mei Z, Guo K, Yang H. Advances and trends in plastic forming technologies for welded tubes[J]. Chinese Journal of Aeronautics, 2016, 29(2): 305-315.
[6] 刘国承,田杰平,史玉升,等.汽车用钢焊接技术研究进展[J].激光与光电子学进展, 2015, 52(1): 28-34.LIU GuoCheng, TIAN JiePing, SHI YuSheng, et al. Review of welding technologies for automotive steel sheets[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2015, 52(1): 28-34 (In Chinese).
[7] Ha J, Huh H, Song J H. Failure Characterization of laser welds and spot welds under combined loading conditions[J]. International Journal of Automotive Technology, 2013, 15(2):237-252.
[8] Ha J, Huh H. Dynamic failure characterization of laser welds under combined loading conditions[J]. International Journal of Automotive Technology, 2014, 69(2):40-58.
[9] Lee J, Asim K, Pan J. Modeling of failure mode of laser welds in lap-shear specimens of HSLA steel sheets[J]. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 2011, 78(2):374-396.
[10] 陈炜,侯波,贝建伟,等.激光拼焊板破裂判据的建立及成形极限预测[J].江苏大学学报(自然科学版), 2008, 29(4): 280-283.CHEN Wei, HOU Bo, BEI JianWei, et al. Establishment of failure criterion and prediction of forming limit for laser tailor-welded blanks[J]. Journal of Jiangsu University(Natural Science Edition), 2008, 29(4): 280-283 (In Chinese).
[11] 熊林玉,张彦华.含裂纹强度失配焊接接头弹塑性变形分析[J].中国机械工程, 2012, 23(6):107-112.XIONG LinYu, ZHANG YanHua. Effect of strength mis-matching on elastic-plastic deformation behaviors of welded joints with cracks[J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2012, 23(6):107-112(In Chinese).
[12] 祝志文, 陈政清. 焊接钢结构件抗拉强度试验和有限元分析[J]. 机械强度, 2002, 24(4):575-578.ZHU ZhiWen, CHEN ZhengQing. Tests and FEM analysis for tensile strength of welded-steel structures[J]. Journal of Mechanical Strength, 2002, 24(4):575-578(In Chinese).
[13] Tamrin K F, Nukman Y, Sheikh N A. Laser spot welding of thermoplastic and ceramic: An experimental investigation[J]. Materials & Manufacturing Processes, 2015, 30(9): 1138-1145.
[14] Samuel E I, Choudhary B K. Universal scaling of work hardening parameters in type 316L(N) stainless steel[J]. Materials Science & Engineering A, 2010, 527(27): 7457-7460.
[15] Elgindi M B, Wei D, Liu Y, et al. Buckling and deformation of Hollomon’s power-law tubes[J]. Thin-Walled Structures, 2014, 74(74): 213-221.
[16] Kolmogorov V L. On the history of the determination of ductile fracture (ductility) of metals[J]. Journal of materials processing technology, 1997, 70(1): 190-193.
[17] Adib H, Jeong J, Pluvinage G. Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis of Tensile-Shear Spot-Welded Joints in Tensile and Compressive Loading Conditions[J]. Strength of Materials, 2004, 36(4):353-364.
[18] Kuppuswamy N, Schmidt R, Seeger F, et al. Finite element modeling of impact strength of laser welds for automotive applications[C]//WIT Transactions on the Built Environment. 2007:375-384.
[19] 窦丽英, 刘大维. 液压缸焊接部位有限元焊接模拟方法的探讨[J]. 机械设计与制造工程, 2015, 44(10):29-31.DOU LiYing, LIU DaWei. A study on the finite element modeling for welding process of welded cylinder parts[J]. Machine Design and Manufacturing Engineering, 2015, 44(10):29-31 (In Chinese).