石家庄市东南部近地表降尘的矿物学特征与环境意义
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摘要
大气降尘可以危害生态环境和人体健康。矿物颗粒不仅是大气降尘的主要组成物质,也是鉴定其污染来源的关键标记,因此查明大气降尘中的矿物组成对改善生态环境具有重要指导意义,也可为防治大气降尘和保护环境提供合理的参考依据。本文选取石家庄东南部作为研究区,利用X射线衍射技术(XRD)和配有能谱的扫描电镜(SEM-EDX)检测大气降尘中的矿物成分、化学组成和微观形貌。结果表明,石家庄东南部大气降尘中颗粒物的形状有片状、柱状、板状、球状等。矿物种类包括硅酸盐、碳酸盐、硫酸盐,以及以往报道较少的氟磷酸盐。以上矿物颗粒既有自然来源,也有人为来源,其中与人类活动相关的来源包括建筑材料、燃煤以及机动车排放等。
Atmospheric dust can harm the ecological environment and human health. Mineral particle is not only the main component of atmospheric dustfall, but also a key marker for identifying the source of pollutant. Therefore, to find out mineral compositions of atmospheric dusts will have important guiding significance for improving the ecological environment and will be helpful to provide reasonable opinions and suggestions for preventing and controlling atmospheric dustfall and protecting the environment. In this paper, the mineral composition, chemical composition and microstructure of atmospheric dusts collected in the southeastern Shijiazhuang have been studied by using X-ray diffraction(XRD) and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy spectrum(SEM-EDX). The results show that the atmospheric dusts have sheeted, columned, tabular, and sphered particles which consist of minerals including silicates,carbonates, sulfates, and less previously reported calcium fluorophosphates. The above mineral particles are sourced from both nature and human activities such as building materials, coal combustion and motor vehicle emissions.
Atmospheric dust can harm the ecological environment and human health. Mineral particle is not only the main component of atmospheric dustfall, but also a key marker for identifying the source of pollutant. Therefore, to find out mineral compositions of atmospheric dusts will have important guiding significance for improving the ecological environment and will be helpful to provide reasonable opinions and suggestions for preventing and controlling atmospheric dustfall and protecting the environment. In this paper, the mineral composition, chemical composition and microstructure of atmospheric dusts collected in the southeastern Shijiazhuang have been studied by using X-ray diffraction(XRD) and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy spectrum(SEM-EDX). The results show that the atmospheric dusts have sheeted, columned, tabular, and sphered particles which consist of minerals including silicates,carbonates, sulfates, and less previously reported calcium fluorophosphates. The above mineral particles are sourced from both nature and human activities such as building materials, coal combustion and motor vehicle emissions.
引文
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[19]黄顺生,华明,金洋,等.南京市大气降尘重金属含量特征及来源研究[J].地学前缘,2008,15(5):161-166.
[20]王知方,张鑫.北京灰霾天气大气颗粒物SEM观察与分析[J].绿色科技,2017,(16):32-38.
[21]张伟,姬亚芹,李树立,等.天津市春季道路降尘PM2.5和PM10中碳组分特征[J].环境科学研究,2018,31(2):239-244.
[22]Guo L L,Zheng H,Lyu Y L,et al.Trends in atmospheric particles and their light extinction performance between 1980 and 2015 in Beijing,China[J].Chemosphere,2018,205:52-61.
[23]Sun Y J,Xu S W,Zheng D Y,et al.Effects of haze pollution on microbial community changes and correlation with chemical components in atmospheric particulate matter[J].Science of the Total Environment,2018,637/638:507-516.
[24]乔庆庆,张春霞,李静,等.北京市朝阳区大气降尘磁学特征及对空气污染物浓度的指示[J].地球物理学报,2011,54(1):151-162.
[25]陈圆,王毅力,王玉涛,等.大学校区环境实验室内外空气中PM10的形貌与元素组成[J].环境科学学报,2008,28(4):659-670.
[26]秦霏,刘迎新,鲁安怀,等.北京市中关村地区大气降尘的来源与垂向分布特征[J].岩石矿物学杂志,2007,26(6):591-596.
[27]黄思静,黄可可,冯文立,等.成岩过程中长石、高岭石、伊利石之间的物质交换与次生孔隙的形成:来自鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界和川西凹陷三叠系须家河组的研究[J].地球化学,209,38(5):498-506.
[28]戴春岭,齐堃,康苏花,等.石家庄市大气PM10单颗粒形貌成分分析与来源识别[J].河北工业科技,2015,32(5):451-457.
[29]陈天虎,冯军会,张宇.大气降尘和TSP的地质化学特点及来源分析[J].岩石矿物学杂志,2001,20(4):433-436.
[30]张学磊,邬光剑,岳雅慧,等.拉萨市夏季大气降尘单颗粒矿物组成及其形貌特征[J].岩石矿物学杂志,2011,30(1):127-134.
[31]林国珍,茅世森,王庆广.北京大气颗粒物的粉晶X射线物相鉴定[J].环境科学学报,1983,3(4):310-318.
[32]Mori I,Nishikawa M,Iwasaka Y,et al.Chemical reaction during the coagulation of ammonium sulphate and mineral particles in the atmosphere[J].Sci Total Environ,1998,224(1):87-91.
[33]陈昌国,詹忻,李纳,等.重庆市区大气颗粒物的物相组成分析[J].环境化学,2002,21(2):207-208.
[34]端木合顺.西安市大气降尘中石膏的成因与环境意义[J].矿物学报,2005,25(2):135-140.
[35]王永在,姚德,李功胜,等.淄博市大气降尘矿物组合特征及其环境意义[J].吉林大学学报,2010,40(6):1429-1434.
[36]史美洁,邓敏,谢礼兰,等.石灰石中氟磷灰石对水泥熟料烧成和强度的影响[J].混凝土与水泥制品,2013,1(1):1-6.
[2]王赞红.大气降尘监测研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2003,17(1):54-59.
[3]罗莹华,戴塔根,梁凯,等.韶关市大气降尘矿物成分和形貌特征研究[J].岩石矿物学杂志,2006,25(2):162-164.
[4]陈智贤,栾文楼.河北省城市大气降尘矿物学特征及环境意义研究[D].石家庄:石家庄经济学院,2011.
[5]戚涛,徐仲伯.石家庄市大气气溶胶单颗粒物特征研究[D].北京:北京化工大学,2017.
[6]栾文楼,陈智贤,谷海峰,等.唐山大气降尘的矿物组成与微观形貌特征分析[J].矿物学报,2011,31(2):237-242.
[7]唐杨,韩贵琳,徐志方.北京及其北部地区大气自然降尘矿物组成特征[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,2011,30(2):150-233.
[8]汪安璞,杨淑兰,沙因.北京大气气溶胶单个颗粒的化学表征[J].环境化学,1996,15(6):488-495.
[9]John G W,Judith C C.Source characterization of major emission sources in the Imperial and Mexicali Valleys along the US-Mexico border[J].Science of the Total Environment,2001,276:33-47.
[10]Bourcier D R,Sharma R P,Parker R D R.Heavy metals in atmospheric fallout in the intermountain west region[J].Journal of Environmental Science and Health,1981,16:17-26.
[11]陈天虎,徐惠芳.大气降尘TEM观察及其环境矿物学意义[J].岩石矿物学杂志,2003,22(4):425-428.
[12]付宗敏,翟云波.大气降尘和TSP的地质化学特点及来源分析[D].长沙:湖南大学,2011.
[13]川口浩.Boron content of atmospheric fallout[J].The Geochemical Society of Japan,1973,6(1):1-4.
[14]王永在,姚德,李功胜.淄博市大气降尘矿物微形貌及其来源判别[J].环境科学学报,2009,28(5):485-489.
[15]吕森林,邵龙义,时宗波,等.环境大气可吸入颗粒物的矿物学研究[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报,2003,22(5):707-710.
[16]张强华,石莹莹,李东,等.南京市典型地区可吸入颗粒物(PM10)中颗粒的微观形貌特征及其矿物组成[J].环境工程学报,2008,2(4):527-531.
[17]杨仪方,钱枫,张慧峰,等.北京市交通干线周围可吸入大气颗粒物的污染特性[J].中国环境科学,2010,30(7):962-966.
[18]Wang J H,Zhang X,Yang Q,et al.Pollution characteristics of atmospheric dustfall and heavy metals in a typical inland heavy industry city in China[J].Journal of Environment Science,2018,71:283-291.
[19]黄顺生,华明,金洋,等.南京市大气降尘重金属含量特征及来源研究[J].地学前缘,2008,15(5):161-166.
[20]王知方,张鑫.北京灰霾天气大气颗粒物SEM观察与分析[J].绿色科技,2017,(16):32-38.
[21]张伟,姬亚芹,李树立,等.天津市春季道路降尘PM2.5和PM10中碳组分特征[J].环境科学研究,2018,31(2):239-244.
[22]Guo L L,Zheng H,Lyu Y L,et al.Trends in atmospheric particles and their light extinction performance between 1980 and 2015 in Beijing,China[J].Chemosphere,2018,205:52-61.
[23]Sun Y J,Xu S W,Zheng D Y,et al.Effects of haze pollution on microbial community changes and correlation with chemical components in atmospheric particulate matter[J].Science of the Total Environment,2018,637/638:507-516.
[24]乔庆庆,张春霞,李静,等.北京市朝阳区大气降尘磁学特征及对空气污染物浓度的指示[J].地球物理学报,2011,54(1):151-162.
[25]陈圆,王毅力,王玉涛,等.大学校区环境实验室内外空气中PM10的形貌与元素组成[J].环境科学学报,2008,28(4):659-670.
[26]秦霏,刘迎新,鲁安怀,等.北京市中关村地区大气降尘的来源与垂向分布特征[J].岩石矿物学杂志,2007,26(6):591-596.
[27]黄思静,黄可可,冯文立,等.成岩过程中长石、高岭石、伊利石之间的物质交换与次生孔隙的形成:来自鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界和川西凹陷三叠系须家河组的研究[J].地球化学,209,38(5):498-506.
[28]戴春岭,齐堃,康苏花,等.石家庄市大气PM10单颗粒形貌成分分析与来源识别[J].河北工业科技,2015,32(5):451-457.
[29]陈天虎,冯军会,张宇.大气降尘和TSP的地质化学特点及来源分析[J].岩石矿物学杂志,2001,20(4):433-436.
[30]张学磊,邬光剑,岳雅慧,等.拉萨市夏季大气降尘单颗粒矿物组成及其形貌特征[J].岩石矿物学杂志,2011,30(1):127-134.
[31]林国珍,茅世森,王庆广.北京大气颗粒物的粉晶X射线物相鉴定[J].环境科学学报,1983,3(4):310-318.
[32]Mori I,Nishikawa M,Iwasaka Y,et al.Chemical reaction during the coagulation of ammonium sulphate and mineral particles in the atmosphere[J].Sci Total Environ,1998,224(1):87-91.
[33]陈昌国,詹忻,李纳,等.重庆市区大气颗粒物的物相组成分析[J].环境化学,2002,21(2):207-208.
[34]端木合顺.西安市大气降尘中石膏的成因与环境意义[J].矿物学报,2005,25(2):135-140.
[35]王永在,姚德,李功胜,等.淄博市大气降尘矿物组合特征及其环境意义[J].吉林大学学报,2010,40(6):1429-1434.
[36]史美洁,邓敏,谢礼兰,等.石灰石中氟磷灰石对水泥熟料烧成和强度的影响[J].混凝土与水泥制品,2013,1(1):1-6.