既有地下结构受下穿施工影响的力学响应与安全控制研究
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摘要
北京地区下穿工程中,新建隧道断面及施工方法种类众多、地层条件复杂、既有结构形式多样,有极其复杂的组合关系,目前尚无对既有结构力学响应的系统分析。通过北京地区13个下穿工程案例,总结了新建隧道结构形式及施工措施,明确既有地下结构变形特点,采用两阶段法分析及预测了各因素影响下既有地下结构的力学响应。研究表明:(1)新建隧道包括市政管道、地铁区间及车站,常见的施工方法有多导洞法、台阶法,洞桩托换法和中洞法,新建隧道开挖面积与施工方法有较明确的对应关系。(2)既有地下结构实测最大沉降概率分布符合数学期望4.89,方差16.4的正态分布。其中,新建市政管道、地铁区间和地铁车站下穿施工引起的既有地下结构平均最大沉降分别为2.56,3.82,11.07 mm。(3)根据新旧隧道空间位置关系的不同,穿越工程可分为7种组合,其中,既有地下结构力学响应有V,U,W 3种模式。(4)严格控制新建隧道开挖面积,不留或少留间隔土,尽可能选择W型穿越模式,以此减小对既有地下结构的扰动。
In crossing projects, the sections and construction methods for new tunnels are numerous, the geological conditions are complex, and the structural forms of the existing tunnels are various. There is a complex relationship among them, which has not been deeply studied till today. Based on the measured data from 13 projects in Beijing, the structural forms and the construction methods for the new tunnels are summarized, the deformation laws of the existing tunnels are analyzed, and the mechanical response of the existing tunnels is investigated by using the two stage method. The results show:(1) The new tunnels have three types of municipal pipelines, subway stations and metro tunnels. Their construction methods include guiding hole method, bench method, cavern-pile method and center drift method. The corresponding relationship between the construction methods and the excavation area is clear.(2) The probability distribution of the maximum settlement of the existing tunnels accords with the normal one, with the mathematical expectation being 4.89 and the variance 16.4. The average maximum settlements of the existing tunnels caused by excavation of municipal pipelines, metro tunnels and subway stations are 2.56, 3.82 and 11.07 mm.(3) The crossing projects can be summarized into 7 combinations by the spatial relationship between the new and existing tunnels. According to the deformation and stress characteristics, there are three modes of W, U and V in the mechanical response of the existing tunnels.(4) In order to reduce the disturbance of the existing tunnels, the excavation area of the new tunnels should be strictly controlled, the soil between the roof of the new tunnels and the floor of the existing tunnels should be less or not left, and the preferable crossing mode should be W-type.
In crossing projects, the sections and construction methods for new tunnels are numerous, the geological conditions are complex, and the structural forms of the existing tunnels are various. There is a complex relationship among them, which has not been deeply studied till today. Based on the measured data from 13 projects in Beijing, the structural forms and the construction methods for the new tunnels are summarized, the deformation laws of the existing tunnels are analyzed, and the mechanical response of the existing tunnels is investigated by using the two stage method. The results show:(1) The new tunnels have three types of municipal pipelines, subway stations and metro tunnels. Their construction methods include guiding hole method, bench method, cavern-pile method and center drift method. The corresponding relationship between the construction methods and the excavation area is clear.(2) The probability distribution of the maximum settlement of the existing tunnels accords with the normal one, with the mathematical expectation being 4.89 and the variance 16.4. The average maximum settlements of the existing tunnels caused by excavation of municipal pipelines, metro tunnels and subway stations are 2.56, 3.82 and 11.07 mm.(3) The crossing projects can be summarized into 7 combinations by the spatial relationship between the new and existing tunnels. According to the deformation and stress characteristics, there are three modes of W, U and V in the mechanical response of the existing tunnels.(4) In order to reduce the disturbance of the existing tunnels, the excavation area of the new tunnels should be strictly controlled, the soil between the roof of the new tunnels and the floor of the existing tunnels should be less or not left, and the preferable crossing mode should be W-type.
引文
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[4]张成平,张顶立,王梦恕.大断面隧道施工引起的上覆地铁隧道结构变形分析[J].岩土工程学报,2009,31(5):805-810.(ZHANG Cheng-ping,ZHANG Ding-li,WANGMeng-shu.Structural deformation of overlying subway tunnels induced by tunneling[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2009,31(5):805-810.(in Chinese))
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[9]张治国,黄茂松,王卫东.邻近开挖对既有软土隧道的影响[J].岩土力学,2009,30(5):1373.(ZHANG Zhi-guo,HUANG Mao-song,WANG Wei-dong.Responses of existing tunnels induced by adjacent excavation in soft soils[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,30(5):1373.(in Chinese))
[10]李鹏.穿越工程对地铁五棵松车站变形影响统计分析与预测[D].北京:北京交通大学,2010.(LI Peng.Statistical analysis and prediction of the deformation of Wukesong subway station due to being crossed[D].Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University,2010.(in Chinese))
[11]徐吉民.北京地铁军博站下穿施工对既有线影响的研究[D].北京:北方工业大学,2012.(XU Ji-min.Study of influence for Beijing Junbo subway station passing through the existing line[D].Beijing:North China University of Technology,2012.(in Chinese))
[12]沈良帅,贺少辉.复杂环境条件上跨下穿同一既有地铁隧道的变形控制分析及施工方案优化[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(增刊1):2893-2900.(SHEN Liang-shuai,HEShao-hui.Subsidence controlling and construction scheme optimization of cutting across and underpassing an existing metro tunnel under complex environmental conditions[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(S1):2893-2900.(in Chinese))
[13]王剑晨,张顶立,张成平,等.浅埋暗挖隧道近距施工引起的上覆地铁结构变形分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(1):90-98.(WANG Jian-chen,ZHANG Ding-li,ZHANG Cheng-ping,et al.Deformation of overlying subway structure caused by nearly shallow buried tunnel construction[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(1):90-98.(in Chinese))
[14]白海卫.新建隧道下穿施工对既有地下结构纵向变形的影响和工程措施研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2008.(BAI Hai-wei.Study on longitudinal deformation of existing metro tunnel caused by undercrossing construction and engineering measures[D].Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University,2008.(in Chinese))
[15]黄义,何芳社.弹性地基上的梁、板、壳[M].北京:科学出版社,2005.(HUANG Yi,HE Fang-she.Beam,plate and shell on elastic foundation[M].Beijing:Science Press,2005.(in Chinese))
[16]徐凌.软土盾构隧道纵向沉降研究[D].上海:同济大学土木工程学院,2005.(XU Ling.Research of the longitudinal settlement of soft soil shield tunnel[D].Shanghai:College of Civil Engineering of Tongji University,2005.(in Chinese))
[2]马振超.北京既有线下穿工程的特点及影响规律研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2012.(MA Zhen-chao.Research on the characteristics and the influence of the construction cross beneath the existing line in Beijing[D].Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University,2012.(in Chinese))
[3]韩煊,刘赪炜,STANDING J R.隧道下穿既有线的案例分析与沉降分析方法[J].土木工程学报,2012,45(1):134-141.(HAN Xuan,LIU Cheng-wei,STANDING J R.Structural settlement of existing tunnel caused by new tunnel excavated underneath[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2012,45(1):134-141.(in Chinese))
[4]张成平,张顶立,王梦恕.大断面隧道施工引起的上覆地铁隧道结构变形分析[J].岩土工程学报,2009,31(5):805-810.(ZHANG Cheng-ping,ZHANG Ding-li,WANGMeng-shu.Structural deformation of overlying subway tunnels induced by tunneling[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2009,31(5):805-810.(in Chinese))
[5]张成平,张顶立,吴介普,等.暗挖地铁车站下穿既有地铁隧道施工控制[J].中国铁道科学,2009,30(1):69-73.(ZHANG Cheng-ping,ZHANG Ding-li,WU Jie-pu,et al.Construction control of a newly-built subway station under-crossing the existing subway tunnel[J].China Railway Science,2009,35(5):69-73.(in Chinese))
[6]姚海波.大断面隧道浅埋暗挖法下穿既有地铁构筑物施工技术研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2005.(YAO Hai-bo.Research on construction technology of large section tunnel crossing under the existing subway tunnel by means of shallow tunneling method[D].Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University,2005.(in Chinese))
[7]王剑晨,张顶立,张成平,等.北京地区浅埋暗挖法下穿施工既有地下结构变形特点及预测[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(5):947-956.(WANG Jian-chen,ZHANG Ding-li,ZHANG Cheng-ping,et al.Deformation characteristics of existing tunnels induced by excavation of new shallow tunnel in Beijing[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(5):947-956.(in Chinese))
[8]陈孟乔,杨广武.新建地铁车站近距离穿越既有地铁隧道的变形控制[J].中国铁道科学,2011,32(4):53-59.(CHEN Meng-qiao,YANG Guang-wu.Deformation control of a newly-built subway station crossing the adjacent existing subway tunnel[J].China Railway Science,2011,32(4):53-59.(in Chinese))
[9]张治国,黄茂松,王卫东.邻近开挖对既有软土隧道的影响[J].岩土力学,2009,30(5):1373.(ZHANG Zhi-guo,HUANG Mao-song,WANG Wei-dong.Responses of existing tunnels induced by adjacent excavation in soft soils[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,30(5):1373.(in Chinese))
[10]李鹏.穿越工程对地铁五棵松车站变形影响统计分析与预测[D].北京:北京交通大学,2010.(LI Peng.Statistical analysis and prediction of the deformation of Wukesong subway station due to being crossed[D].Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University,2010.(in Chinese))
[11]徐吉民.北京地铁军博站下穿施工对既有线影响的研究[D].北京:北方工业大学,2012.(XU Ji-min.Study of influence for Beijing Junbo subway station passing through the existing line[D].Beijing:North China University of Technology,2012.(in Chinese))
[12]沈良帅,贺少辉.复杂环境条件上跨下穿同一既有地铁隧道的变形控制分析及施工方案优化[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(增刊1):2893-2900.(SHEN Liang-shuai,HEShao-hui.Subsidence controlling and construction scheme optimization of cutting across and underpassing an existing metro tunnel under complex environmental conditions[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(S1):2893-2900.(in Chinese))
[13]王剑晨,张顶立,张成平,等.浅埋暗挖隧道近距施工引起的上覆地铁结构变形分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(1):90-98.(WANG Jian-chen,ZHANG Ding-li,ZHANG Cheng-ping,et al.Deformation of overlying subway structure caused by nearly shallow buried tunnel construction[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(1):90-98.(in Chinese))
[14]白海卫.新建隧道下穿施工对既有地下结构纵向变形的影响和工程措施研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2008.(BAI Hai-wei.Study on longitudinal deformation of existing metro tunnel caused by undercrossing construction and engineering measures[D].Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University,2008.(in Chinese))
[15]黄义,何芳社.弹性地基上的梁、板、壳[M].北京:科学出版社,2005.(HUANG Yi,HE Fang-she.Beam,plate and shell on elastic foundation[M].Beijing:Science Press,2005.(in Chinese))
[16]徐凌.软土盾构隧道纵向沉降研究[D].上海:同济大学土木工程学院,2005.(XU Ling.Research of the longitudinal settlement of soft soil shield tunnel[D].Shanghai:College of Civil Engineering of Tongji University,2005.(in Chinese))