空气源热泵名义制热量损失系数模型研究
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摘要
为正确评价空气源热泵机组在结除霜过程的运行性能,探索其在冬季结霜工况下的运行性能,本文提出以"名义制热量损失系数"作为评价空气源热泵结除霜损失的重要参数,并基于大量实测数据,采用广义人工神经网络的预测方法,建立空气源热泵名义制热量损失系数的预测模型。结果表明:建立的预测模型相关系数r> 0. 9,期望偏差百分数(EEP)小于6. 5%,模型学习训练效果及通用能力表现良好,该模型可用于预测空气源热泵机组结除霜过程的制热性能,预测结果可作为探寻不同结霜工况下最佳除霜控制点的重要依据。
To evaluate an air source heat pump unit's operation performance in the frosting-defrosting process efficiently and to explore its operational performance under frosting conditions,the loss coefficient of the nominal heating capacity is proposed in this paper. Lab and field tests to date are conducted to establish a loss coefficient for the nominal heating capacity model based on generalized regression neural network. The result of the research shows that the model's correlation coefficient r is higher than 0. 9 and the expected error percentage( EEP) is lower than 6. 5%. These results indicate that the model in this paper could be successfully used in predicting operation performance in the frosting-defrosting process of the air-source heat pump. The simulation results can be used in searching for an optimized defrosting control point under different frosting-defrosting conditions.
To evaluate an air source heat pump unit's operation performance in the frosting-defrosting process efficiently and to explore its operational performance under frosting conditions,the loss coefficient of the nominal heating capacity is proposed in this paper. Lab and field tests to date are conducted to establish a loss coefficient for the nominal heating capacity model based on generalized regression neural network. The result of the research shows that the model's correlation coefficient r is higher than 0. 9 and the expected error percentage( EEP) is lower than 6. 5%. These results indicate that the model in this paper could be successfully used in predicting operation performance in the frosting-defrosting process of the air-source heat pump. The simulation results can be used in searching for an optimized defrosting control point under different frosting-defrosting conditions.
引文
[1] 王如竹, 张川, 翟晓强. 关于住宅用空气源热泵空调、供暖与热水设计要素的思考[J]. 制冷技术, 2014,34(1): 32-41. (WANG Ruzhu, ZHANG Chuan, ZHAI Xiaoqiang. Discussion on the design elements of air source heat pump air-conditioning, heating and hot water system for residential uses[J]. Chinese Journal of Refrigeration Technology, 2014,34(1):32-41.)
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[3] 乐慧, 李好玥, 江亿. 用空气源热泵实现农村采暖的“煤改电”同时为电力削峰填谷[J]. 中国能源, 2016, 38(11):7-13. (YUE Hui, LI Haoyue, JIANG Yi. Realization of substituting coal with electricity and enhancing the efficiency of electricity allocation by using air source heat pump[J]. Energy of China, 2016, 38(11): 7-13.)
[4] 刘艳峰, 孙峙峰, 王博渊. 藏区、西北及高原地区利用可再生能源采暖空调新技术[J]. 暖通空调, 2016, 46(10):145-146. (LIU Yanfeng, SUN Zhifeng, WANG Boyuan. New renewable energy heating and air conditioning technology in Tibetan, northwest and plateau section of China[J]. Journal of HV & AC, 2016, 46(10): 145-146.)
[5] 姚润明. 长江流域建筑供暖空调解决方案和相应系统重点项目研究[J]. 暖通空调, 2016,46(10):146-147. (YAO Runming. Solutions to heating and cooling of buildings in the Yangtze River region[J]. Journal of HV & AC, 2016, 46(10):146-147.)
[6] 王伟, 李林涛, 盖轶静, 等. 空气源热泵“误除霜”事故简析[J]. 制冷与空调(北京), 2015, 15(3): 64-71. (WANG Wei, LI Lintao, GE Yijing, et al. Review of “mal-defrost” phenomenon for air-source heat pump[J]. Refrigeration and Air-conditioning, 2015, 15(3): 64-71.)
[7] WANG Wei, FENG Yingchao, ZHU Jiahe, et al. Performances of air source heat pump system for a kind of mal-defrost phenomenon appearing in moderate climate conditions[J]. Applied Energy, 2013, 112(12): 1138-1145.
[8] 陆耀庆. 实用供热空调设计手册[M]. 北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 2008. (LU Yaoqing. Design handbook for heating and air conditioning[M]. Beijing: China Architecture & Building Press, 2008.)
[9] 石文星, 王宝龙, 邵双全. 小型空调热泵装置设计[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 2013. (SHI Wenxing, WANG Baolong, SHAO Shuangquan. Design of small capacity air conditioners and heat pumps[M]. Beijing: China Architecture & Building Press, 2013.)
[10]AMEEN F R. Study of frosting of heat pump evaporators[J]. ASHRAE Transactions, 1993,99:61-71.
[11]姜益强, 姚杨, 马最良. 空气源热泵结霜除霜损失系数的计算[J]. 暖通空调, 2004,30(5): 24-26. (JIANG Yiqiang, YAO Yang, MA Zuiliang. Calculation of the loss coefficient for frosting-defrosting of air source heat pumps[J]. Journal of HV & AC, 2004, 30(5): 24-26.)
[12]朱佳鹤, 孙育英, 王伟, 等. 夏热冬冷地区冬季典型气象条件下空气源热泵“有霜不除”事故特性的实测研究[J]. 建筑科学, 2014,30(12): 15-19. (ZHU Jiahe, SUN Yuying, WANG Wei, et al. Field test investigation on the mal-defrosting of air source heat pump under the typical condition of hot summer and cold winter region[J]. Building Science, 2014, 30(12): 15-19.)
[13]李宁, 石文星, 王宝龙, 等. 广义空气源热泵制热/除霜周期的性能模型[J]. 制冷学报, 2015,36(2): 1-7. (LI Ning, SHI Wenxing, WANG Baolong, et al. Performance model of general air source heat pump in a single frost/defrost cycle[J]. Journal of Refrigeration, 2015,36(2): 1-7.)
[14]SPECHT D F. A general regression neural network[J]. IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, 1991,2(6):568-576.
[15]LI Qiong, MENG Qinglin, CAI Jiejin, et al. Predicting hourly cooling load in the building: a comparison of support vector machine and different artificial neural networks[J]. Energy Conversion and Management, 2009, 50(1): 90-96.
[16]余健明, 李萌, 舒菲. GRNN算法在电力系统负荷建模中的应用[J]. 电力系统及其自动化学报, 2009,21(1): 104-107. (YU Jianming, LI Meng, SHU Fei. Application of GRNN-algorithm on load modeling of power system[J]. Proceedings of the CSU-EPSA, 2009, 21(1): 104-107.)
[17]ZHU Jiahe, SUN Yuying, WANG Wei, et al. Developing a new frosting map to guide defrosting control for air-source heat pump units[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2015, 90: 782-791.
[18]王伟, 倪龙, 马最良. 空气源热泵技术与应用[M]. 北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 2017. (WANG Wei, NI Long, MA Zuiliang. Air source heat pumps technology and application[M]. Beijing: China Architecture & Building Press, 2017.)
[19]BORRA S, CIACCIO A D. Measuring the prediction error. A comparison of cross-validation, bootstrap and covariance penalty methods[J]. Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, 2010, 54(12): 2976-2989.
[2] 马一太, 代宝民. 空气源热泵用于房间供暖的分析[J].制冷与空调(北京), 2013, 13(7): 6-11. (MA Yitai, DAI Baomin. Analysis of air-source heat pump for room heating[J]. Refrigeration and Air-conditioning, 2013, 13(7): 6-11.)
[3] 乐慧, 李好玥, 江亿. 用空气源热泵实现农村采暖的“煤改电”同时为电力削峰填谷[J]. 中国能源, 2016, 38(11):7-13. (YUE Hui, LI Haoyue, JIANG Yi. Realization of substituting coal with electricity and enhancing the efficiency of electricity allocation by using air source heat pump[J]. Energy of China, 2016, 38(11): 7-13.)
[4] 刘艳峰, 孙峙峰, 王博渊. 藏区、西北及高原地区利用可再生能源采暖空调新技术[J]. 暖通空调, 2016, 46(10):145-146. (LIU Yanfeng, SUN Zhifeng, WANG Boyuan. New renewable energy heating and air conditioning technology in Tibetan, northwest and plateau section of China[J]. Journal of HV & AC, 2016, 46(10): 145-146.)
[5] 姚润明. 长江流域建筑供暖空调解决方案和相应系统重点项目研究[J]. 暖通空调, 2016,46(10):146-147. (YAO Runming. Solutions to heating and cooling of buildings in the Yangtze River region[J]. Journal of HV & AC, 2016, 46(10):146-147.)
[6] 王伟, 李林涛, 盖轶静, 等. 空气源热泵“误除霜”事故简析[J]. 制冷与空调(北京), 2015, 15(3): 64-71. (WANG Wei, LI Lintao, GE Yijing, et al. Review of “mal-defrost” phenomenon for air-source heat pump[J]. Refrigeration and Air-conditioning, 2015, 15(3): 64-71.)
[7] WANG Wei, FENG Yingchao, ZHU Jiahe, et al. Performances of air source heat pump system for a kind of mal-defrost phenomenon appearing in moderate climate conditions[J]. Applied Energy, 2013, 112(12): 1138-1145.
[8] 陆耀庆. 实用供热空调设计手册[M]. 北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 2008. (LU Yaoqing. Design handbook for heating and air conditioning[M]. Beijing: China Architecture & Building Press, 2008.)
[9] 石文星, 王宝龙, 邵双全. 小型空调热泵装置设计[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 2013. (SHI Wenxing, WANG Baolong, SHAO Shuangquan. Design of small capacity air conditioners and heat pumps[M]. Beijing: China Architecture & Building Press, 2013.)
[10]AMEEN F R. Study of frosting of heat pump evaporators[J]. ASHRAE Transactions, 1993,99:61-71.
[11]姜益强, 姚杨, 马最良. 空气源热泵结霜除霜损失系数的计算[J]. 暖通空调, 2004,30(5): 24-26. (JIANG Yiqiang, YAO Yang, MA Zuiliang. Calculation of the loss coefficient for frosting-defrosting of air source heat pumps[J]. Journal of HV & AC, 2004, 30(5): 24-26.)
[12]朱佳鹤, 孙育英, 王伟, 等. 夏热冬冷地区冬季典型气象条件下空气源热泵“有霜不除”事故特性的实测研究[J]. 建筑科学, 2014,30(12): 15-19. (ZHU Jiahe, SUN Yuying, WANG Wei, et al. Field test investigation on the mal-defrosting of air source heat pump under the typical condition of hot summer and cold winter region[J]. Building Science, 2014, 30(12): 15-19.)
[13]李宁, 石文星, 王宝龙, 等. 广义空气源热泵制热/除霜周期的性能模型[J]. 制冷学报, 2015,36(2): 1-7. (LI Ning, SHI Wenxing, WANG Baolong, et al. Performance model of general air source heat pump in a single frost/defrost cycle[J]. Journal of Refrigeration, 2015,36(2): 1-7.)
[14]SPECHT D F. A general regression neural network[J]. IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, 1991,2(6):568-576.
[15]LI Qiong, MENG Qinglin, CAI Jiejin, et al. Predicting hourly cooling load in the building: a comparison of support vector machine and different artificial neural networks[J]. Energy Conversion and Management, 2009, 50(1): 90-96.
[16]余健明, 李萌, 舒菲. GRNN算法在电力系统负荷建模中的应用[J]. 电力系统及其自动化学报, 2009,21(1): 104-107. (YU Jianming, LI Meng, SHU Fei. Application of GRNN-algorithm on load modeling of power system[J]. Proceedings of the CSU-EPSA, 2009, 21(1): 104-107.)
[17]ZHU Jiahe, SUN Yuying, WANG Wei, et al. Developing a new frosting map to guide defrosting control for air-source heat pump units[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2015, 90: 782-791.
[18]王伟, 倪龙, 马最良. 空气源热泵技术与应用[M]. 北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 2017. (WANG Wei, NI Long, MA Zuiliang. Air source heat pumps technology and application[M]. Beijing: China Architecture & Building Press, 2017.)
[19]BORRA S, CIACCIO A D. Measuring the prediction error. A comparison of cross-validation, bootstrap and covariance penalty methods[J]. Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, 2010, 54(12): 2976-2989.