多波束声呐基阵一体化自校准方法
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摘要
为了保证多波束测深系统的探测精度,在系统组装前需要对多阵元接收换能器基阵进行指向性测量和目标方位波束响应校准。针对常规方法中图像散焦问题存在的不足,本文提出了一种多波束声呐基阵一体化自校准方法,将换能器基阵和信号调理采集电路一体化测量,利用目标方位波束响应输出测量换能器基阵波束指向性。推导了阵元间距误差对测深结果产生的影响,采用聚焦波束形成技术,在小尺寸水池条件下开展校准实验研究。通过在水池中预先获得的方位波束角误差曲线,对多波束测深声呐外场实验数据进行了归位补偿,实现了多波束声呐基阵一体化自校准。实验结果表明:该方法能够保障多波束声呐的有效覆盖范围,具有较强的实用性和重要的工程应用价值与推广价值。
To ensure detection precision of the multi-beam detection system,the directivity of the multi-element transducer array needs to be measured and the beam response in the object direction needs to be calibrated before the system is assembled. The conventional array directivity measurement methods usually assume that the received signal fits the far-field plane wave model. In this paper,we analyze the defocus problem caused by far-field approximation and deduce the depth error caused by the element spacing error. We propose a novel self-calibration method for multi-beam echo sounder( MBES) transducer array that is based on the method of focused beamforming to overcome the deficiencies of conventional method. An experiment was carried out in a small-size tank,and the field experimental data was compensated by the beam angle error curve obtained in the tank experiment. The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed self-calibration approach can guarantee the coverage of the MBES system; thus,the method has strong practicability and high engineering value and can therefore be promoted.
To ensure detection precision of the multi-beam detection system,the directivity of the multi-element transducer array needs to be measured and the beam response in the object direction needs to be calibrated before the system is assembled. The conventional array directivity measurement methods usually assume that the received signal fits the far-field plane wave model. In this paper,we analyze the defocus problem caused by far-field approximation and deduce the depth error caused by the element spacing error. We propose a novel self-calibration method for multi-beam echo sounder( MBES) transducer array that is based on the method of focused beamforming to overcome the deficiencies of conventional method. An experiment was carried out in a small-size tank,and the field experimental data was compensated by the beam angle error curve obtained in the tank experiment. The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed self-calibration approach can guarantee the coverage of the MBES system; thus,the method has strong practicability and high engineering value and can therefore be promoted.
引文
[1]周天,欧阳永忠,李海森.浅水多波束测深声纳关键技术剖析[J].海洋测绘,2016(03):1-6.ZHOU Tian,OUYANG Yongzhong,LI Haisen.Key technologies of shallow water multibeam bathymetric sonar[J].Hydro graphic surveying and charting,2016(03):1-6.
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[12]孙继欣,张宇,朱永伟.压电器件的精密超声复合电解加工技术[J].陕西师范大学学报(自然科学版),2018(05):32-38.SUN Ji-xin,ZHANG Yu,ZHU Yongwei.Design of precision ultrasonic compound electric maching for piezoelectric components[J].Journal of Shaanxi Normal University(natural science edition),2018(05):32-38.
[13]董玉磊,桑金.海道测量规范与IHO标准的比较研究[J].海洋测绘,2018(01):59-62.DONG Yulei,SANG Jin.Comparative study on specifications for hydrographic survey and the IHO standard[J].Hydro graphic surveying and charting,2018(01):59-62.
[14]MALEIKA W,CZAPIEWSKI P.Visualisation of multibeam echosounder measurement data,Kolkata,India,2013[C]//Springer Verlag,2013:373-380.
[15]KUNTSAL E.A survey of transducer and sonar electroacoustic test and calibration facilities in the USA,2010[C]//IEEE Computer Society,2010:1-6.
[16]薛术.基于2-2型压电复合材料高频线阵换能器的仿真及工艺研究[D].西安:西安电子科技大学,2015.XUE Shu.Numerical simulation and process study of a high-frequency linear ultrasonic array based on 2-2 piezoelectric composite[D].Xi'an:Xi'an Electronic and Science University,2015.
[2]CHU D,BALDWIN K C,FOOTE K G,Y,et al.Multibeam sonar calibration:target localization in azimuth[C]//Oceans 2001.HI,USA,2001:2506-2510.
[3]李海森,魏波,杜伟东.多波束合成孔径声呐技术研究进展[J].测绘学报,2017(10):1760-1769.LI Haisen,WEI Bo,DU Weidong.Technical progress in research of multibeam synthetic aperture sonar[J].Cehui Xuebao/Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,2017,46(10):1760-1769.
[4]XU C,LI H,CHEN B,et al.Angular response classification of multibeam sonar based on multi-angle interval division,Harbin,China,2016[C]//Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.,2016:1-4.
[5]LI J,LIN Q,KANG C,et al.DOA estimation for underwater wideband weak targets based on coherent signal subspace and compressed sensing[J].Sensors(Switzerland),2018,18(3):1-19.
[6]TREES H L V.Detection,estimation,and modulation theory,Part IV,optimum array processing[J].A papoulis probability random variables&stochastic processes,2013,8(10):293-303.
[7]尹家亮.多波束测深声呐多通道接收机的设计与实现[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学,2016.YIN Jialiang.Design and implementation of multi-channel receiver for multi-beam bathymetric sonar[D].Harbin:Harbin Engineering University,2016.
[8]吴自银.高分辨率海底地形地貌:探测处理理论与技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2017:78-80.
[9]孙超.水下多传感器阵列信号处理[M].西安:西北工业大学出版社,2007:51-71.
[10]李海森,鲁东,周天.基于FPGA的多波束实时动态聚焦波束形成方法[J].振动与冲击,2014(03):83-88.LI Haisen,LU Dong,ZHOU Tian.Multi-beam real-time dynamic focused beam-forming method based on FPGA[J].Journal of vibration and shock,2014(03):83-88.
[11]刘瑞华.基于Sierpinski分形结构的小型宽带振动换能器的设计与制作[D].南京:南京邮电大学,2016.LIU Ruihua.Design and fabrication of a miniature broadband vibration transducer based on the sierpinski fractal structure[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications,2016.
[12]孙继欣,张宇,朱永伟.压电器件的精密超声复合电解加工技术[J].陕西师范大学学报(自然科学版),2018(05):32-38.SUN Ji-xin,ZHANG Yu,ZHU Yongwei.Design of precision ultrasonic compound electric maching for piezoelectric components[J].Journal of Shaanxi Normal University(natural science edition),2018(05):32-38.
[13]董玉磊,桑金.海道测量规范与IHO标准的比较研究[J].海洋测绘,2018(01):59-62.DONG Yulei,SANG Jin.Comparative study on specifications for hydrographic survey and the IHO standard[J].Hydro graphic surveying and charting,2018(01):59-62.
[14]MALEIKA W,CZAPIEWSKI P.Visualisation of multibeam echosounder measurement data,Kolkata,India,2013[C]//Springer Verlag,2013:373-380.
[15]KUNTSAL E.A survey of transducer and sonar electroacoustic test and calibration facilities in the USA,2010[C]//IEEE Computer Society,2010:1-6.
[16]薛术.基于2-2型压电复合材料高频线阵换能器的仿真及工艺研究[D].西安:西安电子科技大学,2015.XUE Shu.Numerical simulation and process study of a high-frequency linear ultrasonic array based on 2-2 piezoelectric composite[D].Xi'an:Xi'an Electronic and Science University,2015.