磁浮式轨道振动俘能机理与试验研究
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摘要
轨道振动俘能技术是回收利用列车通过时轨道振动产生的能量,为铁路监测设备提供电力供给。现有轨道振动俘能方式对轨道振动参量的要求与轨道运行实际工作状态不符,是制约其进入实用化阶段的瓶颈。本文介绍磁浮式非线性轨道振动换能器的设计、建模和试验验证,提出轨道振动-电磁耦合动力学模型,分析磁浮式非线性轨道振动换能系统的响应特性。研究结果表明:利用磁悬浮的非线性刚度特性可以实现宽频带能量收集;可以通过调节器件参数(线圈匝数、线圈几何形状及表面磁通密度等)来适应轨道小位移的振幅要求;轨道振动-电磁耦合动力学模型可计算车辆行经时轨道结构的发电能力,为电磁式轨道振动俘能装置的设计提供理论依据。
Railway vibration energy harvesting technology is to recover the energy generated by the track vibration when a train passes by,to provide power to the rail-side devices for railway condition monitoring in offgrid and remote areas.However,the requirements for track vibration parameters of existing track vibration harvesting method do not conform to the actual working conditions of the tracks,which is a bottleneck restricting the entry of the method into the practical use.This paper presented the design,modeling,and experimental verification of a rail-mounted non-linear oscillator by magnetic levitation.A track vibration-electromagnetic coupling dynamic model was proposed to analyze the response characteristics of the non-linear magnetic levitation oscillator.The results indicate that the non-linear stiffness characteristics of magnetic levitation oscillation can be utilized to realize the broad-band energy harvesting.The device parameters(i.e.,number ofcoil turns,coil geometry and arrangement,surface magnetic flux density,etc.)can be adjusted to fit the requirement of small displacement amplitudes of tracks.The dynamic model can calculate the power generation capability of the electromagnetic energy harvester under the vehicle travelling loads,providing a theoretical basis for the design of electromagnetic track vibration energy harvesting device.
Railway vibration energy harvesting technology is to recover the energy generated by the track vibration when a train passes by,to provide power to the rail-side devices for railway condition monitoring in offgrid and remote areas.However,the requirements for track vibration parameters of existing track vibration harvesting method do not conform to the actual working conditions of the tracks,which is a bottleneck restricting the entry of the method into the practical use.This paper presented the design,modeling,and experimental verification of a rail-mounted non-linear oscillator by magnetic levitation.A track vibration-electromagnetic coupling dynamic model was proposed to analyze the response characteristics of the non-linear magnetic levitation oscillator.The results indicate that the non-linear stiffness characteristics of magnetic levitation oscillation can be utilized to realize the broad-band energy harvesting.The device parameters(i.e.,number ofcoil turns,coil geometry and arrangement,surface magnetic flux density,etc.)can be adjusted to fit the requirement of small displacement amplitudes of tracks.The dynamic model can calculate the power generation capability of the electromagnetic energy harvester under the vehicle travelling loads,providing a theoretical basis for the design of electromagnetic track vibration energy harvesting device.
引文
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[26]ZHANG X T,ZHANG Z T,PAN H Y,et al.A Portable High-efficiency Electromagnetic Energy Harvesting System Using Supercapacitors for Renewable Energy Applications in Railroads[J].Energy Conversion and Management,2016,118:287-294.
[27]翟婉明.车辆-轨道耦合动力学[M].4版.北京:科学出版社,2015.
[28]International Electrotechincal Commission.International Standard IEC 60068-2-6,Test Fc:Vibration(sinusoidal)[S].Geneva:IEC Publications,2007.
[29]European Committee for Standardization.BS EN 15273-2Railway Application-Gauges Part 2:Rolling Stock Gauge[S].Brussels:European Committee for Standardization,2014.
[2]WILLIAMS C B,YATES R B.Analysis of a Micro-electric Generator for Microsystems[J].Sensors Actuators A:Physical,1996,52(1/3):8-11.
[3]GAO M Y,WANG P,CAO Y,et al.Design and Verification of a Rail-borne Energy Harvester for Powering Wireless Sensor Networks in Railway Industry[J].IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems,2017,18:1596-1609.
[4]GAO M Y,WANG P,CAO Y,et al.A Rail-borne Piezoelectric Transducer for Energy Harvesting of Railway Vibration[J].Journal of Vibroengineering,2016,18(7):4647-4663.
[5]WANG P,WANG Y F,GAO M Y,et al.Investigation on the Train Aerodynamic Performance and Energy Harvesting with Track-borne Wind Turbine[C]//Proceedings of the 96th Annual Meeting of Transportation Research Board.Washington D.C.:[s.n.],2017:17-00299.
[6]MITCHESON P D,YEATMAN E M,RAO G K,et al.Energy Harvesting from Human and Machine Motion for Wireless Electronic Devices[J].Proceedings of the IEEE,2008,96(9):1457-1486.
[7]STEPHEN N G.On Energy Harvesting from Ambient Vibration[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,2006,293(1/2):409-425.
[8]GAO M Y,HU C Z,CHEN Z Z,et al.Design and Fabrication of a Magnetic Propulsion System for Self-propelled Capsule Endoscope[J].IEEE Transaction on Biomedical Engineering,2010,57(12):2891-2902.
[9]HOFFMAN D,FOLKMER B,MANOLI Y.Fabrication,Characterization and Modelling of Electrostatic Micro-generators[J].Journal of Micromachanics and Microengineering,2009,19(9):1489-1503.
[10]SUZUKI Y.Development of a MEMS Energy Harvester with High-performance Polymer Electrets[C]//Proceedings of Power MEMS,2010.
[11]ERTURK A,INMAN D J.An Experimentally Validated Bimorph Cantilever Model for Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting from Base Excitations[J].Smart Materials and Structures,2009,18(2):025009.
[12]LESIEUTRE G A,OTTMAN G K,HOFMANN H F.Damping as a Result of Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,2004,269(3/5):991-1001.
[13]DONELAN J M,LI Q,NIANG V,et al.Biomechanical Energy Harvesting:Generating Electricity during Walking with Minimal User Effort[J].Science,2008,319:807-810.
[14]MANN B P,SIMS N D.Energy Harvesting from the Nonlinear Oscillations of Magnetic Levitation[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,2009,319(1/2):515-530.
[15]BEEBY S P,TORAH R N,TUDOR M J,et al.A Micro Electromagnetic Generator for Vibration Energy Harvesting[J].Journal of Micromachanics and Microengineering,2007,17(7):1257-1265.
[16]Innowattech Ltd.,ABRAMOVICH H,HARASH E,et al.Piecoelectric Stack Compression Generator:America,US2011/0291526[P].2011-12-01.
[17]YUAN T C,YANG J,SONG R G,et al.Vibration Energy Harvesting System for Railroad Safety Based on Running Vehicles[J].Smart Materials and Structures,2014,23(12):125046.
[18]袁天辰.基于车辆运行的轨道振动能量回收系统研究[D].上海:上海工程技术大学,2014.
[19]WANG J J,SHI Z F,XIANG H J,et al.Modeling on Energy Harvesting from a Railway System Using Piezoelectric Transducers[J].Smart Materials and Structures,2014,24(10):105017.
[20]王海燕.车致轨道振动能量俘获研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2013.
[21]NELSON C A,PLATT S R,ALBRECHT D,et al.Power Harvesting for Railroad Track Health Monitoring Using Piezoelectric and Inductive Devices[C]//Proceedings of SPIE:Active and Passive Smart Structures and Integrated Systems,2008.
[22]GATTI G,BRENNAN M J,TEHRANI M G,et al.Harvesting Energy from the Vibration of a Passing Train Using a Single-degree-of-freedom Oscillator[J].Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing,2016,66/67:785-792.
[23]WANG J J,PENAMALLI G P,ZUO L.Electromagnetic Energy Harvesting from Train Induced Railway Track Vibrations[C]//Proceedings of IEEE/ASME International Conference on Mechatronics and Embedded Systems and Applications.Suzhou:IEEE,2012:29-34.
[24]POURGHODRAT A,NELSON C A,HANSEN S E,et al.Power Harvesting Systems Design for Railroad Safety[J].Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit,2014,228(5):504-521.
[25]POURGHODRAT A.Energy Harvesting Systems Design for Railroad Safety[D].Nebraska:University of NebraskaLincoln,2011.
[26]ZHANG X T,ZHANG Z T,PAN H Y,et al.A Portable High-efficiency Electromagnetic Energy Harvesting System Using Supercapacitors for Renewable Energy Applications in Railroads[J].Energy Conversion and Management,2016,118:287-294.
[27]翟婉明.车辆-轨道耦合动力学[M].4版.北京:科学出版社,2015.
[28]International Electrotechincal Commission.International Standard IEC 60068-2-6,Test Fc:Vibration(sinusoidal)[S].Geneva:IEC Publications,2007.
[29]European Committee for Standardization.BS EN 15273-2Railway Application-Gauges Part 2:Rolling Stock Gauge[S].Brussels:European Committee for Standardization,2014.