高速公路出口前置指路标志的安全设置距离模型
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摘要
为解决高速公路部分出口前置指路标志的设置距离无法满足车辆安全驶离高速公路主线这一问题,通过建模研究高速公路出口最后一块指路标志(距离出口最近的出口指路标志)的安全设置距离。首先,将出匝车辆驾驶人的驾驶行为过程细分为三个阶段:认知-反应、车道变换以及减速驶离主线。其次,融合高速公路主线和匝道的道路条件、驾驶人视认特性、驾驶行为过程、标志设置方式等多方面影响因素,构建了高速公路出口最后一块前置指路标志的安全设置距离模型。该模型计算结果表明,《道路交通标志和标线》(GB 5768—2009)中推荐的高速公路出口最后一块指路标志设置距离(500m)适用于所有主线单向2条车道以及部分主线单向3条车道和单向4条车道,不适用于主线单向5条车道;相比规范的推荐值,模型计算值考虑了道路条件和驾驶行为,使分流区产生的换道次数减少,具有更高的安全性。
In order to solve the problem that the placement distance of some AGS(Advance Guide Signs)to expressway exits fails to meet the requirement of vehicles driving away from the mainline safely, a place-ment distance model for the last AGS(the one closest to the exit) was proposed. Firstly, the process of driv-ing away from expressway mainlines was divided into three steps, which are perception-reaction, lane-changing and decelerating to leave the mainline. Then, a placement distance model was constructed con-sidering road conditions of mainlines and ramps, drivers′ visual characteristics, driving behaviors, and installation methods of AGS. The result calculated by the model shows that the recommended placementdistance of the last AGS to expressway exits in GB 5768—2009 "Road Traffic Signs and Markings"(500 m) is applicable for all two-lane expressway, some three-lane and four-lane expressway, but notfor five-lane expressway. Compared to the recommended value in this standard, the value calculated bythe model is safer with less lane changes in diverging area, taking road conditions and driving behaviorsinto consideration.
In order to solve the problem that the placement distance of some AGS(Advance Guide Signs)to expressway exits fails to meet the requirement of vehicles driving away from the mainline safely, a place-ment distance model for the last AGS(the one closest to the exit) was proposed. Firstly, the process of driv-ing away from expressway mainlines was divided into three steps, which are perception-reaction, lane-changing and decelerating to leave the mainline. Then, a placement distance model was constructed con-sidering road conditions of mainlines and ramps, drivers′ visual characteristics, driving behaviors, and installation methods of AGS. The result calculated by the model shows that the recommended placementdistance of the last AGS to expressway exits in GB 5768—2009 "Road Traffic Signs and Markings"(500 m) is applicable for all two-lane expressway, some three-lane and four-lane expressway, but notfor five-lane expressway. Compared to the recommended value in this standard, the value calculated bythe model is safer with less lane changes in diverging area, taking road conditions and driving behaviorsinto consideration.
引文
[1]全国交通工程设施(公路)标准化技术委员会.道路交通标志和标线:GB 5768—2009[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2009.
[2]Federal Highway Administration.Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Streets and Highways[S].Washington D C:Department of Transportation,2009.
[3]FITZPATRICK K,CHRYSLER S T,NELSON A A,et al.Driving Simulator Study of Signing for Complex Interchanges[C]//Transportation Research Board 92nd Annual Meeting.Washington D C:Transportation Research Board of the National Academies,2013.
[4]COSTA M,SIMONE A,VIGNALI V,et al.Looking Behaviour for Vertical Road Signs[J].Transportation Research(Part F:Traffic Psychology&Behaviour),2014,23(23):147-155.
[5]ZHANG Y,HARRIS E,ROGERS M,et al.Driver Distraction and Performance Effects of Highway Logo Sign Design[J].Applied Ergonomics,2013,44(3):472-479.
[6]赵妮娜,刘会学,葛书芳.国内外高速公路枢纽互通指路标志设置形式研究[J].公路,2017,62(6):175-181.
[7]杨冰浩.交通指路标志的极限信息量与最大前置距离研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2014.
[8]王昊程,赵祎,赵彦.基于驾驶模拟的多车道高速公路出口前置指路标志设置位置研究[J].交通科技,2015(3):162-165.
[9]刘伟铭,邓如丰,张阳,等.高速出口前置指路标志的安全距离设置模型[J].华南理工大学学报(自然科学版),2013,41(2):37-43.
[10]于仁杰,马荣国,韩海,等.高速公路施工区限速标志位置确定方法[J].交通运输工程学报,2013,13(5):91-98.
[11]吴彪,许洪国,戴彤焱,等.考虑驾驶员认知过程的高速公路施工区MVMS前置距离计算模型[J].交通信息与安全,2013,31(2):6-9;13.
[12]潘兵宏,霍永富,刘斌,等.基于UCWin/Road仿真的高速公路出口预告标志前置距离研究[J].公路交通科技,2017,34(8):130-137.
[13]JOHANSSON G,RUMAR K R.Drivers′Brake Reaction Times[J].Human Factors,1971,13(1):23-27.
[14]郭唐仪,胡启洲,姚丁元.高速出口预告指路标志设置距离及其安全性能比较[J].公路交通科技,2011,28(12):106-111.
[15]FINNEGAN P,GREEN A P.The Time to Change Lanes:A literature Review[R].Ann Arbor,MI:University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute,1990.
[16]中交第一公路勘察设计研究院有限公司.公路路线设计规范:JTG D20—2017[S].北京:人民交通出版社,2017.
[2]Federal Highway Administration.Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Streets and Highways[S].Washington D C:Department of Transportation,2009.
[3]FITZPATRICK K,CHRYSLER S T,NELSON A A,et al.Driving Simulator Study of Signing for Complex Interchanges[C]//Transportation Research Board 92nd Annual Meeting.Washington D C:Transportation Research Board of the National Academies,2013.
[4]COSTA M,SIMONE A,VIGNALI V,et al.Looking Behaviour for Vertical Road Signs[J].Transportation Research(Part F:Traffic Psychology&Behaviour),2014,23(23):147-155.
[5]ZHANG Y,HARRIS E,ROGERS M,et al.Driver Distraction and Performance Effects of Highway Logo Sign Design[J].Applied Ergonomics,2013,44(3):472-479.
[6]赵妮娜,刘会学,葛书芳.国内外高速公路枢纽互通指路标志设置形式研究[J].公路,2017,62(6):175-181.
[7]杨冰浩.交通指路标志的极限信息量与最大前置距离研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2014.
[8]王昊程,赵祎,赵彦.基于驾驶模拟的多车道高速公路出口前置指路标志设置位置研究[J].交通科技,2015(3):162-165.
[9]刘伟铭,邓如丰,张阳,等.高速出口前置指路标志的安全距离设置模型[J].华南理工大学学报(自然科学版),2013,41(2):37-43.
[10]于仁杰,马荣国,韩海,等.高速公路施工区限速标志位置确定方法[J].交通运输工程学报,2013,13(5):91-98.
[11]吴彪,许洪国,戴彤焱,等.考虑驾驶员认知过程的高速公路施工区MVMS前置距离计算模型[J].交通信息与安全,2013,31(2):6-9;13.
[12]潘兵宏,霍永富,刘斌,等.基于UCWin/Road仿真的高速公路出口预告标志前置距离研究[J].公路交通科技,2017,34(8):130-137.
[13]JOHANSSON G,RUMAR K R.Drivers′Brake Reaction Times[J].Human Factors,1971,13(1):23-27.
[14]郭唐仪,胡启洲,姚丁元.高速出口预告指路标志设置距离及其安全性能比较[J].公路交通科技,2011,28(12):106-111.
[15]FINNEGAN P,GREEN A P.The Time to Change Lanes:A literature Review[R].Ann Arbor,MI:University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute,1990.
[16]中交第一公路勘察设计研究院有限公司.公路路线设计规范:JTG D20—2017[S].北京:人民交通出版社,2017.