高速公路主线相互合流至出口最小间距的研究
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摘要
针对高速公路主线相互合流紧接主线的出口路段间距过小,可能导致驾驶员错过出口或发生交通安全事故的现象,以高速公路主线相互合流至主线出口最小间距为研究对象,确定满足其需求的最小长度.基于驾驶员不熟悉路况的最不利情况下,研究主线相互合流至主线出口之间的间距需考虑6个部分,分别是主线相互合流构造距离、车流重新分布距离、认读标志距离、车辆换道距离、安全确认距离及出口减速段.从安全角度出发,建立主线相互合流构造距离计算模型;结合主线相互合流后的交通流特性,根据不同的主线相互合流方式及车道数,确定换道类型和换道次数,并以此计算出车流重新分布所需距离.根据车辆进行换道时的特征和轨迹,建立五阶多项式换道模型,计算车辆换道距离;提出最小间距建议值,并对建议值进行仿真验证.结果表明,当且仅当间距大于等于建议值时,冲突率满足模糊隶属度评价,安全水平为安全.最小间距计算模型合理可靠,据此计算的最小间距建议值可保证行车安全.
For expressway section between the mainline mutual confluence and the mainline exit,which might be too short to cause traffic safety accidents or the driver to miss the exit,we study the reasonable minimum space between the mainline of expressway mutual confluence and the mainline exit based on six main influence factors. Considering the worst circumstance of a driver who is not familiar with the road condition,the six main influence factors are the mainline mutual confluence construction distance,traffic redistribution distance,sign reading distance,vehicle lane changing distance,safety confirmation distance,and exit deceleration section. From a security point of view,we establish a model for the mainline confluence structural distance. Combing with the traffic flow characteristics of mainline mutual confluence,we analyze the effects of different main line mutual confluence and lane number in orderto identify lane changing type,the number of changing lane,and the distance required for the redistribution of traffic due to lane changing. According to the characteristics and trajectories of vehicles in lane changing,and by using the five stage lane changing model,we calculate the vehicle lane changing distance and give suggestions on the minimum spacing distance. Finally,the recommended value is simulated and verified by VISSIM simulation. The results show that when the space is greater than or equal to the recommended value,the requirements for conflict rate and safety level are met. The calculation model is a reasonable and reliable model,and the recommended value can ensure traffic safety.
For expressway section between the mainline mutual confluence and the mainline exit,which might be too short to cause traffic safety accidents or the driver to miss the exit,we study the reasonable minimum space between the mainline of expressway mutual confluence and the mainline exit based on six main influence factors. Considering the worst circumstance of a driver who is not familiar with the road condition,the six main influence factors are the mainline mutual confluence construction distance,traffic redistribution distance,sign reading distance,vehicle lane changing distance,safety confirmation distance,and exit deceleration section. From a security point of view,we establish a model for the mainline confluence structural distance. Combing with the traffic flow characteristics of mainline mutual confluence,we analyze the effects of different main line mutual confluence and lane number in orderto identify lane changing type,the number of changing lane,and the distance required for the redistribution of traffic due to lane changing. According to the characteristics and trajectories of vehicles in lane changing,and by using the five stage lane changing model,we calculate the vehicle lane changing distance and give suggestions on the minimum spacing distance. Finally,the recommended value is simulated and verified by VISSIM simulation. The results show that when the space is greater than or equal to the recommended value,the requirements for conflict rate and safety level are met. The calculation model is a reasonable and reliable model,and the recommended value can ensure traffic safety.
引文
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[18]许源.立交交织区交通安全、效率与干预研究[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2007.XU Yuan.Study on traffic safety,efficiency and intervention in weaving area of interchange[D].Wuhan:Wuhan University of Technology,2007.(in Chinese)
[2]日本道路公团.日本高速公路设计要领[M].交通部工程管理司,译.西安:陕西旅游出版社,1991.Japanese Road Corporation.The design method of Japanese expressway[M].Department of Engineering Management,Ministry of Communications,trans.Xi'an:Shaanxi Tourism Publishing House,1991.(in Chinese)
[3]中华人民共和国交通运输部.JTGT D21-2014公路立体交叉设计细则[S].北京:人民交通出版社,2014.Ministry of Transport of the People's Republic of China.D21-2014 JTGT highway intersection design rules[S].Beijing:People's Communications Press,2014.(in Chinese)
[4]杨少伟,王晓,冯玉荣,等.基于交通冲突技术互通式立交最小净距研究[J].西南大学学报自然科学版,2011,33(3):133-138.YANG Shaowei,WANG Xiao,FENG Yurong,et al.Research on minimum interchange spacing based on traffic conflict technique[J].Journal of Southwest University Natural Science,2011,33(3):133-138.(in Chinese)
[5]黄治炉,陈宽民.基于车道变换的立交最小净距模型[J].长安大学学报自然科学版,2015,35(5):28-34.HUANG Zhilu,CHEN Kuanmin.Interchange minimum spacing model based on the lane changing[J].Journal of Chang'an University Natural Science Edition,2015,35(5):28-34.(in Chinese)
[6]中华人民共和国交通运输部.JTG D20-2017公路路线设计规范[S].北京:人民交通出版社,2018.Ministry of Transport of the People's Republic of China.JTG D20-2017 Design specification for highway alignment[S].Beijing:People's Communications Press,2014.(in Chinese)
[7]裴玉龙,李松龄,薛长龙.快速路交织区车头时距分布特征[J].公路交通科技,2008,25(6):111-114.PEI Yulong,LI Songling,XUE Changlong.Distribution characteristics of headway at weaving sections of urban expressway[J].Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development,2008,25(6):111-114.(in Chinese)
[8]LUTTINEN R T.Properties of cowan's M3 headway distribution[J].Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board,1999,1678(1):189-196.
[9]段力,过秀成,姚崇富.车头时距分布函数的验证、分析与选择[J].公路交通科技,2014,31(5):147-152.DUAN Li,GUO Xiucheng,YAO Chongfu.Verification,analysis and selection of distribution function of headways[J].Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development,2014,31(5):147-152.(in Chinese)
[10]ANYEL S,YAYLA N.A discussion on the parameters of Cowan M3 distribution for Turkey[J].Transportation Research Part A Policy&Practice,2003,37(2):129-143.
[11]曹荷红.互通式立交变速车道研究[D].北京:北京工业大学,1999.CAO Hehong.Research on variable speed lane of expressway interchange[D].Beijing:Beijing University of Technology,1999.(in Chinese)
[12]冯玉荣.高速公路互通式立交最小间距研究[D].西安:长安大学,2009.FENG Yurong.Study on the minimum spacing of interchanges on freeway[D].Xi'an:Chang'an University,2009.(in Chinese)
[13]叶柏年.点的加速度[J].力学与实践,1988,10(5):53-55.YE Bainian.Jerk of the point[J].Mechanics in Engineering,1988,10(5):53-55.(in Chinese)
[14]LEE S E,OLSEN E C B,WIERWILLE W W.A comprehensive examination of naturalistic lane-changes[R].Washington D C:National Highway Traffic Safety Administration,2004.
[15]张伯明.通标志汉字视认性的研究[J].公路交通科技,1993,10(2):40-46.ZHANG Boming.The identification of the Chinese characters in traffic signs[J].Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development,1993,10(2):40-46.(in Chinese)
[16]赵一飞.宁波象山港公路大桥接线工程项目安全性评价报告[R].西安:长安大学,2010.ZHAO Yifei.Safety evaluation report of connection project of Xiangshan Ningbo Port Highway Bridge[R].Xi'an:Chang'an University,2010.(in Chinese)
[17]任福田.交通工程心理学[M].北京:北京工业大学出版社,1993.REN Futian.Traffic engineering psychology[M].Beijing:Beijing University of Technology Press.1993.(in Chinese)
[18]许源.立交交织区交通安全、效率与干预研究[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2007.XU Yuan.Study on traffic safety,efficiency and intervention in weaving area of interchange[D].Wuhan:Wuhan University of Technology,2007.(in Chinese)