压实风积沙土层盐分迁移规律研究
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摘要
针对沙漠地区风积沙路基发生盐渍化病害现象,探究压实风积沙土层水、热、盐变化规律。自制下垫面为硫酸钠盐渍土地基的风积沙土柱试验设备,以自然环境条件下6个月(6月—12月)的实时监测数据为基础,分析压实风积沙土层内水、热、盐的时空分布规律与迁移特征。研究结果表明:受外界环境温度影响,压实风积沙土层分影响剧烈区(0～50cm)与薄弱区(50～120cm),随着埋深增加,土柱内部温度变化幅度趋于平缓,各层温度到达峰值具有滞后效应;受含盐下垫面与压实素土风积沙含盐量的浓度梯度作用,压实风积沙土层深部区域被盐分迁入,由无到有。风积沙土层内盐分的存在,为盐分的进一步迁移奠定了物源基础。由外界温度影响,土层浅部受水分赋存形态的变化与蒸发牵引作用,促使水分携带盐分在压实风积沙土层内部逐渐向上发生迁移;盐分在土层整个埋深断面上呈现"高—低—高"的分布特征。受外界环境荷载周而复始作用,压实风积沙土层浅部盐分将渐渐积聚,由少到多,随着时间推移将形成盐渍化病害。
Aiming at the phenomenon of salinization diseases in the aeolian sand subgrade in desert areas, the change laws of water, heat and salt in compacted aeolian sand soils are investigated. The self-made aeolian sand column test device with sodium salinite soil as its foundation is based on the real-time monitoring data from natural environment for 6 months(June to December) to analyze the temporal and spatial distributions and migration characteristics of water, heat and salt in the compacted aeolian sandy soil layers. The result shows that affected by the external environmental temperature, the compacted aeolian sandy soil layers affect the severe(0～50 cm) and weak(50～120 cm) areas. As the depth of burial increases, the internal temperature of the soil column tends to be flat, and the temperature of each layer reaching the peak has a hysteresis effect. Under the effect of the concentration gradient of the salinity content of the salt-containing underlay surface and the compaction aeolian sand deposit, the deep area of the compacted aeolian sand soil layer is moved in by salt, and it is composed of nothing. The accumulation of salt in the aeolian sandy soil layer lays the foundation for the further migration of salt. Affected by the external temperature, the shallow layer of soil is affected by the change of water storage and evaporation, which promotes the gradual migration of water carrying salt in the compacted aeolian sand layer. The salt has a "high-low-high" distribution pattern throughout the depth of the soil. Affected by the external environmental loads, the shallow salt content in the compacted aeolian sandy soil layers will gradually accumulate, and from less to more, it will form salinization diseases over time.
Aiming at the phenomenon of salinization diseases in the aeolian sand subgrade in desert areas, the change laws of water, heat and salt in compacted aeolian sand soils are investigated. The self-made aeolian sand column test device with sodium salinite soil as its foundation is based on the real-time monitoring data from natural environment for 6 months(June to December) to analyze the temporal and spatial distributions and migration characteristics of water, heat and salt in the compacted aeolian sandy soil layers. The result shows that affected by the external environmental temperature, the compacted aeolian sandy soil layers affect the severe(0～50 cm) and weak(50～120 cm) areas. As the depth of burial increases, the internal temperature of the soil column tends to be flat, and the temperature of each layer reaching the peak has a hysteresis effect. Under the effect of the concentration gradient of the salinity content of the salt-containing underlay surface and the compaction aeolian sand deposit, the deep area of the compacted aeolian sand soil layer is moved in by salt, and it is composed of nothing. The accumulation of salt in the aeolian sandy soil layer lays the foundation for the further migration of salt. Affected by the external temperature, the shallow layer of soil is affected by the change of water storage and evaporation, which promotes the gradual migration of water carrying salt in the compacted aeolian sand layer. The salt has a "high-low-high" distribution pattern throughout the depth of the soil. Affected by the external environmental loads, the shallow salt content in the compacted aeolian sandy soil layers will gradually accumulate, and from less to more, it will form salinization diseases over time.
引文
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[3]SANTONI R L,WEBSTER S L.Airfields and roads construction using fiber stabilization of sands[J].Journal of Transportation Engineering,2001,127(2):96-104.
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[8]陈发明,陈静曦,张华.浅谈盐渍土路基设计和防腐处理[J].科技创新与生产力,2008(3):63-64,67.(CHENFa-ming,CHEN Jing-xi,ZHANG Hua.Discussion on design and antiseptic treatment of saline soil subgrade[J].Technology Innovation and Productivity,2008(3):63-64,67.(in Chinese))
[9]杨仲全.盐渍土地区路基隔断层设置研究[J].中国水运月刊,2012,12(11):218-220.(YANG Zhong-quan.Study on subgrade settlement in saline soil area[J].China Water Transport,2012,12(11):218-220.(in Chinese))
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[11]NASSAR I N,HORTON R.Water transport in unsaturated nonisothermal salty soil:I experimental results[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,1989,53(5):1330-1337.
[12]NASSAR I,GLOBUS A,HORTON R.Simultaneous soil heat and water transfer[J].Soil Science,1992,154(6):465-472.
[13]BRESLER E,MCNEAL B L,CARTER D L.Saline and sodic soils.Principles-dynamics-modeling[M].Berlin/Heidelberg/New York:Springer-Verlag,1982.
[14]陈肖柏,邱国庆,王雅卿,等.温降时之盐分重分布及盐胀试验研究[J].冰川冻土,1989,11(3):231-238.(CHENXiao-bai,QIU Guo-qing,WANG Ya-qing,et al.Salt redistribution and heave of saline soil during cooling[J].Journal of Glacaiology And Geocryology,1989,11(3):231-238.(in Chinese))
[15]牛玺荣.硫酸盐渍土地区路基水、热、盐、力四场耦合机理及数值模拟研究[D].西安:长安大学,2006.(NIUXi-rong.The study and numerical simulation on moistureheat-salt-stress coupled mechanism in the sulphate saline soil subgrade[D].Xi'an:Chang'an University,2006.(in Chinese))
[16]曹福贵.硫酸盐渍土地区路基水、热、盐、力四场耦合效应的室内和现场试验分析及现场试验路数值模拟研究[D].西安:长安大学,2009.(CAO Fu-gui.Laboratory and field research on coupled hydro-thermo-saline-mechanical behavior of subgrade in vitriol saline soil areas and field numerical simulation[D].Xi'an:Chang'an University,2009.(in Chinese))
[17]温昱,张文,罗艳珍,等.盐渍土区路基土层级配特征及阻盐效应分析[J].青海大学学报,2018,36(4):17-23.(WEN Yu,ZHANG Wen,LUO Yan-zhen,et al.Analysis of gradation characteristics and salt-resistance effect of subgrade layer in saline soil area[J].Journal of Qinghai University,2018,36(4):17-23.(in Chinese))
[18]赵德安,余云燕,马惠民,等.南疆铁路路基次生盐渍化试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2014,36(4):745-751.(ZHAO De-an,YU Yun-yan,MA Hui-min,et al.Secondary salinization of subgrade of southern Xinjiang Railway[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2014,36(4):745-751.(in Chinese))
[19]杨暾.盐渍土地区铁路路基的温度变化和水盐运移研究[D].兰州:兰州交通大学,2014.(YANG Tun.The study on temperature variation and moisture rise and salinity transport of railway subgrade in saline soil area[D].Lanzhou:Lanzhou Jiaotong University,2014.(in Chinese))
[20]胡建荣,张宏,张海龙,等.沙漠区风积沙路基水盐迁移规律[J].交通运输工程学报,2017,17(3):36-45.(HUJian-rong,ZHANG Hong,ZHANG Hai-long,et al.Water-salt migration laws of aeolian sand subgrade in desert area[J].Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering,2017,17(3):36-45.(in Chinese))
[21]张宏,闫晓辉,何灵灵,等.水盐迁移模式及运移机理研究进展[J].内蒙古大学学报(自然版),2017(1):106-111.(ZHANG Hong,YAN Xiao-hui,HE Lin-lin,et al.Progress in water-salt migration model and mechanism[J].Journal of inner Mongolia University(Natural Science Edition),2017(1):106-111.(in Chinese))
[22]王铁行,贺再球,赵树德,等.非饱和土体气态水迁移试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005(18):3271-3275.(WANG Tie-hang,HE Zai-qiu,ZHAO Shu-de,et al.Experimental study on vaporous water transference in loess and sandy soil[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005(18):3271-3275.(in Chinese))
[23]李彦龙,王俊,王铁行.温度梯度作用下非饱和土水分迁移研究[J].岩土力学,2016,37(10):2839-2844.(LIYan-long,WANG Jun,WANG Tie-hang.Moisture migration of unsaturated soil due to thermal gradients[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2016,37(10):2839-2844.(in Chinese))
[24]姚佳禹.高速公路风积沙路基填筑质量控制技术研究[J].建筑技术开发,2017(20):111-112.(YAO Jia-yu.Study on quality control technology of wind blown sand subgrade filling on expressway[J].Road and Bridges,2017(20):111-112.(in Chinese))
[25]唐好鑫.新疆硫酸盐渍土地区路基温度和水盐运移规律的研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2012.(TANG Hao-xin.Research on temperature and salt migration law of sulphate salty soil subgrade in Xinjiang region[D].Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University,2014.(in Chinese))
[26]CHUNG S.Soil heat and water flow with a partial surface mulch[J].Water Resour Res,1987,23(12):2175-2186.
[27]PHILIP J R.The theory of infiltration:4.sorptivity and algebraic infiltration equations[J].Soil Sci,1957,84:257-264.
[28]罗汀,陈含,姚仰平,等.锅盖效应水分迁移规律分析[J].工业建筑,2016,46(9):6-9.(LUO Ting,CHEN Han,YAO Yang-ping,et al.Analysis of water migration characteristics of pot-cover effect[J].Industrial Construction,2016,46(9):6-9.(in Chinese))
[2]CHAUHAN M S,MITTAL S,MOHANTY B.Performance evaluation of silty sand subgrade reinforced with fly ash and fibre[J].Geotextiles&Geomembranes,2008,26(5):429-435.
[3]SANTONI R L,WEBSTER S L.Airfields and roads construction using fiber stabilization of sands[J].Journal of Transportation Engineering,2001,127(2):96-104.
[4]PADMAKUMAR G P,SRINIVAS K,UDAY K V,et al.Characterization of aeolian sands from Indian desert[J].Engineering Geology,2012,9(139/140):38-49.
[5]KOK J F,PARTELI E J,MICHAELS T I,et al.The physics of wind-blown sand and dust[J].Reports on Progress in Physics Physical Society,2012,75(10):106901.
[6]张浩,李哲,折学森,等.毛乌素地区不同级配风积沙的压实特性与压缩特性试验研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2015,29(8):167-172.(ZHANG Hao,LI Zhe,SHE Xue-sen,et al.Compaction and compression characteristics of different levels of aeolian sand in Maowusu area[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2015,29(8):167-172.(in Chinese))
[7]MARSHALL J R,BULL P A,MORGAN R M.Energy regimes for aeolian sand grain surface textures[J].Sedimentary Geology,2012,4(253/254):17-24.
[8]陈发明,陈静曦,张华.浅谈盐渍土路基设计和防腐处理[J].科技创新与生产力,2008(3):63-64,67.(CHENFa-ming,CHEN Jing-xi,ZHANG Hua.Discussion on design and antiseptic treatment of saline soil subgrade[J].Technology Innovation and Productivity,2008(3):63-64,67.(in Chinese))
[9]杨仲全.盐渍土地区路基隔断层设置研究[J].中国水运月刊,2012,12(11):218-220.(YANG Zhong-quan.Study on subgrade settlement in saline soil area[J].China Water Transport,2012,12(11):218-220.(in Chinese))
[10]张宏,王智远,张海龙,等.阿拉善额济纳地区公路盐胀病害成因分析[J].安全与环境学报,2015,15(6):151-154.(ZHANG Hong,WANG Zhi-yuan,ZHANG Hai-long,et al.Analysis of desert highway expansion caused by the excessive salt content in Ejina of Alxa Area,Inner Mongolian[J].Journal of Safety and Environment,2015,15(6):151-154.(in Chinese))
[11]NASSAR I N,HORTON R.Water transport in unsaturated nonisothermal salty soil:I experimental results[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,1989,53(5):1330-1337.
[12]NASSAR I,GLOBUS A,HORTON R.Simultaneous soil heat and water transfer[J].Soil Science,1992,154(6):465-472.
[13]BRESLER E,MCNEAL B L,CARTER D L.Saline and sodic soils.Principles-dynamics-modeling[M].Berlin/Heidelberg/New York:Springer-Verlag,1982.
[14]陈肖柏,邱国庆,王雅卿,等.温降时之盐分重分布及盐胀试验研究[J].冰川冻土,1989,11(3):231-238.(CHENXiao-bai,QIU Guo-qing,WANG Ya-qing,et al.Salt redistribution and heave of saline soil during cooling[J].Journal of Glacaiology And Geocryology,1989,11(3):231-238.(in Chinese))
[15]牛玺荣.硫酸盐渍土地区路基水、热、盐、力四场耦合机理及数值模拟研究[D].西安:长安大学,2006.(NIUXi-rong.The study and numerical simulation on moistureheat-salt-stress coupled mechanism in the sulphate saline soil subgrade[D].Xi'an:Chang'an University,2006.(in Chinese))
[16]曹福贵.硫酸盐渍土地区路基水、热、盐、力四场耦合效应的室内和现场试验分析及现场试验路数值模拟研究[D].西安:长安大学,2009.(CAO Fu-gui.Laboratory and field research on coupled hydro-thermo-saline-mechanical behavior of subgrade in vitriol saline soil areas and field numerical simulation[D].Xi'an:Chang'an University,2009.(in Chinese))
[17]温昱,张文,罗艳珍,等.盐渍土区路基土层级配特征及阻盐效应分析[J].青海大学学报,2018,36(4):17-23.(WEN Yu,ZHANG Wen,LUO Yan-zhen,et al.Analysis of gradation characteristics and salt-resistance effect of subgrade layer in saline soil area[J].Journal of Qinghai University,2018,36(4):17-23.(in Chinese))
[18]赵德安,余云燕,马惠民,等.南疆铁路路基次生盐渍化试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2014,36(4):745-751.(ZHAO De-an,YU Yun-yan,MA Hui-min,et al.Secondary salinization of subgrade of southern Xinjiang Railway[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2014,36(4):745-751.(in Chinese))
[19]杨暾.盐渍土地区铁路路基的温度变化和水盐运移研究[D].兰州:兰州交通大学,2014.(YANG Tun.The study on temperature variation and moisture rise and salinity transport of railway subgrade in saline soil area[D].Lanzhou:Lanzhou Jiaotong University,2014.(in Chinese))
[20]胡建荣,张宏,张海龙,等.沙漠区风积沙路基水盐迁移规律[J].交通运输工程学报,2017,17(3):36-45.(HUJian-rong,ZHANG Hong,ZHANG Hai-long,et al.Water-salt migration laws of aeolian sand subgrade in desert area[J].Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering,2017,17(3):36-45.(in Chinese))
[21]张宏,闫晓辉,何灵灵,等.水盐迁移模式及运移机理研究进展[J].内蒙古大学学报(自然版),2017(1):106-111.(ZHANG Hong,YAN Xiao-hui,HE Lin-lin,et al.Progress in water-salt migration model and mechanism[J].Journal of inner Mongolia University(Natural Science Edition),2017(1):106-111.(in Chinese))
[22]王铁行,贺再球,赵树德,等.非饱和土体气态水迁移试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005(18):3271-3275.(WANG Tie-hang,HE Zai-qiu,ZHAO Shu-de,et al.Experimental study on vaporous water transference in loess and sandy soil[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005(18):3271-3275.(in Chinese))
[23]李彦龙,王俊,王铁行.温度梯度作用下非饱和土水分迁移研究[J].岩土力学,2016,37(10):2839-2844.(LIYan-long,WANG Jun,WANG Tie-hang.Moisture migration of unsaturated soil due to thermal gradients[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2016,37(10):2839-2844.(in Chinese))
[24]姚佳禹.高速公路风积沙路基填筑质量控制技术研究[J].建筑技术开发,2017(20):111-112.(YAO Jia-yu.Study on quality control technology of wind blown sand subgrade filling on expressway[J].Road and Bridges,2017(20):111-112.(in Chinese))
[25]唐好鑫.新疆硫酸盐渍土地区路基温度和水盐运移规律的研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2012.(TANG Hao-xin.Research on temperature and salt migration law of sulphate salty soil subgrade in Xinjiang region[D].Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University,2014.(in Chinese))
[26]CHUNG S.Soil heat and water flow with a partial surface mulch[J].Water Resour Res,1987,23(12):2175-2186.
[27]PHILIP J R.The theory of infiltration:4.sorptivity and algebraic infiltration equations[J].Soil Sci,1957,84:257-264.
[28]罗汀,陈含,姚仰平,等.锅盖效应水分迁移规律分析[J].工业建筑,2016,46(9):6-9.(LUO Ting,CHEN Han,YAO Yang-ping,et al.Analysis of water migration characteristics of pot-cover effect[J].Industrial Construction,2016,46(9):6-9.(in Chinese))