新疆玛纳斯河流域土壤螨类群落多样性
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摘要
为探究玛纳斯河流域不同生境土壤螨类群落多样性及其时空特征,采用野外采样和改进的Tullgren法采集土壤螨类进行分类鉴定及比较分析。结果,共采集土壤螨类33208只,隶属4亚目86科140属。其中Ceratozetes和Oribatula为优势类群。不同垂直带生境土壤螨类个体数量和类群数量之间差异显著(P<0.05),个体数依次为Ⅵ>Ⅺ>Ⅷ>Ⅸ>Ⅰ>Ⅹ>Ⅶ>Ⅳ>Ⅴ>Ⅱ>Ⅲ>Ⅻ。垂直分布表明不同土层间的个体数差异极显著(P<0.01),土壤螨类主要集中分布于表层土壤。不同生境土壤螨类在不同季节均有显著差异(P<0.05),个体数依次为9月>4月>7月>11月。在12种不同生境之间土壤螨类群落多样性指标均有显著差异(P<0.05),Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H)依次为Ⅰ>Ⅴ>Ⅳ>Ⅵ>Ⅲ>Ⅹ>Ⅱ>Ⅸ>Ⅷ>Ⅶ>Ⅺ>Ⅻ,而Margalef(M)丰富度指数依次为Ⅰ>Ⅵ>Ⅲ>Ⅹ>Ⅺ>Ⅷ>Ⅴ>Ⅳ>Ⅶ>Ⅱ>Ⅸ>Ⅻ。不同生境土壤螨类群落间的相似性处于中等不相似。结果表明研究流域不同垂直带生境土壤螨类群落多样性具有明显的生境和季节变化特征。
Variation in community diversity along ecological gradients has been the main focus in recent biodiversity studies.Among multiple interacting resource gradients,the altitude gradient may be a decisive factor determining spatial patterns of community diversity. The Manas River Basin is a typical mountain-oasis-desert ecosystem( MODS) in the inland arid areas of Northwest China. Soil mites have been used as an important bioindicator of soil ecosystems. In order to provide a scientific basis for the biological assessment of human activities on soil environmental quality in mountain-oasis-desert ecosystems,investigations were conducted on the community diversity and seasonal dynamics of soil mites at different vertical zonal habitats in the Manas River Basin using field sampling and improved Tullgren methods. In addition,further comparative analyses of the ecological distribution characteristics of soil mite communities in that area were performed. The results showed that 32308 soil mites were captured and classified into four suborders,86 families,and 140 genera. Among them,Ceratozetes and Oribatula were dominant groups and accounted for 10. 14% and 11. 18% of total individuals collected,respectively; Epilohmannia,Trhypochthonius,and Zygoribatula,and 18 genera were common groups,and accounted for55. 89%. Cosmochthonius,Eremaeus,and Allothrombium,and the other 120 genera belonged to rare groups,and only accounted for 22. 79% of total collections. The numbers of individuals and groups of soil mite communities differed significantly in different vertical zonal habitats( P<0.05),the number of individuals,in the 0-5 cm vertical layer of the soil profile. With increasing depth of soil layers,the numbers of individual and groups of soil mites decreased gradually( P<0. 01). There were significant differences in the seasonal variation in the composition and individuals of soil mitecommunities( P<0.05). The sequence of seasonal change of individual numbers of soil mites was September > April > July> November. There were significant differences in diversity indices for soil mite communities between the 12 different habitats( P < 0. 05),the Shannon-Wiener diversity index( H) in coniferous forest > mountain farmland > mountain shrubbery > shelter forest deciduous forest > vegetable field > mountain steppe > vineyard > grassland > plain farmland >shrubbery > desert,while Margalef( M) richness index for coniferous forest > shelter forest > deciduous forest > vegetable field > shrubbery > grassland > mountain farmland > mountain shrubbery > pain farmland > mountain steppe > vineyards >desert. The similarity coefficient between soil mite communities in 12 different habitats was moderately dissimilar. Research results showed that community structure and diversity of soil mites in different habitats have obvious characteristics of habitats and seasonal variation in that MODS.
Variation in community diversity along ecological gradients has been the main focus in recent biodiversity studies.Among multiple interacting resource gradients,the altitude gradient may be a decisive factor determining spatial patterns of community diversity. The Manas River Basin is a typical mountain-oasis-desert ecosystem( MODS) in the inland arid areas of Northwest China. Soil mites have been used as an important bioindicator of soil ecosystems. In order to provide a scientific basis for the biological assessment of human activities on soil environmental quality in mountain-oasis-desert ecosystems,investigations were conducted on the community diversity and seasonal dynamics of soil mites at different vertical zonal habitats in the Manas River Basin using field sampling and improved Tullgren methods. In addition,further comparative analyses of the ecological distribution characteristics of soil mite communities in that area were performed. The results showed that 32308 soil mites were captured and classified into four suborders,86 families,and 140 genera. Among them,Ceratozetes and Oribatula were dominant groups and accounted for 10. 14% and 11. 18% of total individuals collected,respectively; Epilohmannia,Trhypochthonius,and Zygoribatula,and 18 genera were common groups,and accounted for55. 89%. Cosmochthonius,Eremaeus,and Allothrombium,and the other 120 genera belonged to rare groups,and only accounted for 22. 79% of total collections. The numbers of individuals and groups of soil mite communities differed significantly in different vertical zonal habitats( P<0.05),the number of individuals,in the 0-5 cm vertical layer of the soil profile. With increasing depth of soil layers,the numbers of individual and groups of soil mites decreased gradually( P<0. 01). There were significant differences in the seasonal variation in the composition and individuals of soil mitecommunities( P<0.05). The sequence of seasonal change of individual numbers of soil mites was September > April > July> November. There were significant differences in diversity indices for soil mite communities between the 12 different habitats( P < 0. 05),the Shannon-Wiener diversity index( H) in coniferous forest > mountain farmland > mountain shrubbery > shelter forest deciduous forest > vegetable field > mountain steppe > vineyard > grassland > plain farmland >shrubbery > desert,while Margalef( M) richness index for coniferous forest > shelter forest > deciduous forest > vegetable field > shrubbery > grassland > mountain farmland > mountain shrubbery > pain farmland > mountain steppe > vineyards >desert. The similarity coefficient between soil mite communities in 12 different habitats was moderately dissimilar. Research results showed that community structure and diversity of soil mites in different habitats have obvious characteristics of habitats and seasonal variation in that MODS.
引文
[1]王宗英,路有成,王慧芙.九华山土壤螨类的生态分布.生态学报,1996,16(1):58-64.
[2]吴东辉,张柏,卜照义,陈鹏.长春市不同土地利用生境土壤螨类群落结构特征.生态学报,2006,26(1):16-25.
[3]Fischer B M,Schatz H.Biodiversity of oribatid mites(Acari:Oribatida)along an altitudinal gradient in the Central Alps.Zootaxa,2013,3626:429-454.
[4]吴东辉,尹文英,杨振明.松嫩草原中度退化草地不同植被恢复方式下土壤螨类群落特征的差异.动物学报,2007,53(4):607-615.
[5]Gulvik M E.Mites(Acari)as indicators of soil biodiversity and land use monitoring:a review.Polish Journal of Ecology,2007,55(3):415-440.
[6]殷秀琴,宋博,董炜华,辛未冬.我国土壤动物生态地理研究进展.地理学报,2010,65(1):91-102.
[7]郑经鸿,王丽真,张兴亚,王新华,薄新文.新疆草地甲螨分布规律研究.生态学报,1993,13(2):171-176.
[8]吾玛尔·阿布力孜,阿布都如苏力·吐逊,木卡热木·阿吉木,张卫红.乌鲁木齐地区不同生境土壤捕食性螨类群落结构及其多样性研究.新疆农业科学,2012,49(9):1748-1758.
[9]吾玛尔·阿布力孜,阿布都如苏力·吐孙,木开热木·阿吉木,吴松林.准噶尔盆地东南缘绿洲-荒漠交错带土壤螨类的群落多样性与相似性.干旱区资源与环境,2013,27(6):75-79.
[10]阿布都如苏力·吐孙,吾玛尔·阿布力孜,木开热木·阿吉木.准噶尔盆地东南缘绿洲-荒漠交错带土壤螨类群落特征初步研究.干旱区资源与环境,2013,27(3):160-166.
[11]吾玛尔·阿布力孜,阿提坎木·吾布力喀斯木,吴松林.新疆喀纳斯国家级自然保护区土壤螨类群落特征.干旱区资源与环境,2015,29(2):99-104.
[12]刘金巍,靳甜甜,刘国华,李宗善,杨荣金.新疆玛纳斯河流域2000-2010年土地利用/覆盖变化及影响因素.生态学报,2014,34(12):3211-3223.
[13]尹文英.中国土壤动物检索图鉴.北京:科学出版社,1998:163-242.
[14]江原昭三.日本蜱螨类检索图鉴.东京:全国农村教育协会出版社,1980:1-562.
[15]青木淳一.日本土壤动物检索图鉴.东京:东海大学出版社,1999:173-436.
[16]Balogh J,Balogh P.The Oribatid Mites Genera of the world(Vol.1&2).Budapest:The Hungarian National Museum Press,1992:1-263.
[17]Krantz G W,Walter D E.A Manual of Acarology.3rd ed.Texas:Texas Tech University Press,2009:1-806.
[18]Omar A,Ajar Q,Mukaram H,Wu S L.Community diversity and its seasonal dynamics of soil mites in Oasis of the Sangong river watershed of Xinjiang,China.Journal of Xinjiang University:Natural Science Edition,2016,33(1):6-19.
[19]陈鹏,文在根,青木淳一,芝,石川和男.长春净月潭地区土壤螨类的调查研究.动物学报,1988,34(3):282-293.
[20]吴东辉,张柏,陈鹏.吉林省中西部平原区土壤螨类群落结构特征.动物学报,2005,51(3):401-412.
[21]吴东辉,张柏,安艳芬.吉林省中部黑土区农业土地利用方式对土壤螨类群落特征的影响.土壤通报,2006,37(1):121-125.
[22]吴东辉,尹文英,陈鹏.刈割条件下松嫩平原碱化羊草草地土壤螨类群落变化特征的研究.土壤学报,2008,45(5):1007-1014.
[23]丁程成,戴征凯,薛晓峰,李辉信,刘满强,陈小云,周静,张斌,胡锋.退化红壤植被恢复对土壤螨类群落结构的影响.生态学报,2008,28(10):4771-4781.
[24]李钰飞,郑春燕,李吉进,孙钦平,邹国元,刘本生,许俊香,高利娟,刘东生,李季.不同管理模式对温室土壤螨群落结构的影响.生态学报,2016,36(12):3802-3811.
[25]战丽莉,许艳丽,张兴义,裴希超,赵刚,王建华.耕作方式对土壤螨类群落结构的影响.中国生态农业学报,2013,21(5):598-605.
[26]阿提坎·吾布力喀斯木,吾玛尔·阿布力孜,努尔合尼穆·艾麦提.玛纳斯河流域平原区土壤螨类群落特征研究.安徽农业科学,2014,42(23):7829-7834,7843-7843.
[27]Lin L,Gao M X,Liu D,Zhang X P,Wu H T,Wu D H.Co-occurence patterns of above-ground and below-ground mite communities in farmland of Sanjiang plain,northeast China.Chinese Geographical Science,2014,24(3):339-347.
[28]高梅香,刘冬,张雪萍,吴东辉.三江平原农田地表和地下土壤螨类丰富度与环境因子的空间关联性.生态学报,2016,36(6):1782-1792.
[29]Shakir M M,Ahmed S.Seasonal abundance of soil arthropods in relation to meteorological and edaphic factors in the agroecosystems of Faisalabad,Punjab,Pakistan.International Journal of Biometeorology,2015,59(5):605-616.
[30]Bolger T,Arroyo J J,Kenny J,Caplice M.Hierarchical analysis of mite community structures in Irish forests-A study of the relative contribution of location,forest type and microhabitat.Applied Soil Ecology,2014,83:39-43.
[31]Dirilgen T,Arroyo J,Dimmers W J,Faber J,Stone D,da Silva P M,Carvalho F,Schmelz R,Griffiths B S,Francisco R,Creamer R E,Sousa J P,Bolger T.Mite community composition across a European transect and its relationships to variation in other components of soil biodiversity.Applied Soil Ecology,2016,97:86-97.
[32]韩雪梅,李丹丹,梁子安,陈云峰,胡诚.北方常见农业土地利用方式对土壤螨群落结构的影响.生态学报,2013,33(16):5026-5034.
[33]Kardol P,Reynolds W N,Norby R J,Classen A T.Climate change effects on soil microarthropod abundance and community structure.Applied Soil Ecology,2011,47(1):37-44.
[34]Klimek A,Rolbiecki S,Rolbiecki R.Impact of ectohumus application in birch and pine nurseries on the presence of soil mites(Acari),Oribatida in particular.Folia Forestalia Polonica,Series A,2016,58(1):20-30.
[35]Gao M X,He P,Zhang X P,Liu D,Wu D H.Relative roles of spatial factors,environmental filtering and biotic interactions in fine-scale structuring of a soil mite community.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2014,79:68-77.
[36]张丽梅,高梅香,刘冬,张雪萍,吴东辉.环境筛选和扩散限制在地表和地下螨群落物种共存中的调控作用.生态学报,2016,36(13):3951-3959.
[2]吴东辉,张柏,卜照义,陈鹏.长春市不同土地利用生境土壤螨类群落结构特征.生态学报,2006,26(1):16-25.
[3]Fischer B M,Schatz H.Biodiversity of oribatid mites(Acari:Oribatida)along an altitudinal gradient in the Central Alps.Zootaxa,2013,3626:429-454.
[4]吴东辉,尹文英,杨振明.松嫩草原中度退化草地不同植被恢复方式下土壤螨类群落特征的差异.动物学报,2007,53(4):607-615.
[5]Gulvik M E.Mites(Acari)as indicators of soil biodiversity and land use monitoring:a review.Polish Journal of Ecology,2007,55(3):415-440.
[6]殷秀琴,宋博,董炜华,辛未冬.我国土壤动物生态地理研究进展.地理学报,2010,65(1):91-102.
[7]郑经鸿,王丽真,张兴亚,王新华,薄新文.新疆草地甲螨分布规律研究.生态学报,1993,13(2):171-176.
[8]吾玛尔·阿布力孜,阿布都如苏力·吐逊,木卡热木·阿吉木,张卫红.乌鲁木齐地区不同生境土壤捕食性螨类群落结构及其多样性研究.新疆农业科学,2012,49(9):1748-1758.
[9]吾玛尔·阿布力孜,阿布都如苏力·吐孙,木开热木·阿吉木,吴松林.准噶尔盆地东南缘绿洲-荒漠交错带土壤螨类的群落多样性与相似性.干旱区资源与环境,2013,27(6):75-79.
[10]阿布都如苏力·吐孙,吾玛尔·阿布力孜,木开热木·阿吉木.准噶尔盆地东南缘绿洲-荒漠交错带土壤螨类群落特征初步研究.干旱区资源与环境,2013,27(3):160-166.
[11]吾玛尔·阿布力孜,阿提坎木·吾布力喀斯木,吴松林.新疆喀纳斯国家级自然保护区土壤螨类群落特征.干旱区资源与环境,2015,29(2):99-104.
[12]刘金巍,靳甜甜,刘国华,李宗善,杨荣金.新疆玛纳斯河流域2000-2010年土地利用/覆盖变化及影响因素.生态学报,2014,34(12):3211-3223.
[13]尹文英.中国土壤动物检索图鉴.北京:科学出版社,1998:163-242.
[14]江原昭三.日本蜱螨类检索图鉴.东京:全国农村教育协会出版社,1980:1-562.
[15]青木淳一.日本土壤动物检索图鉴.东京:东海大学出版社,1999:173-436.
[16]Balogh J,Balogh P.The Oribatid Mites Genera of the world(Vol.1&2).Budapest:The Hungarian National Museum Press,1992:1-263.
[17]Krantz G W,Walter D E.A Manual of Acarology.3rd ed.Texas:Texas Tech University Press,2009:1-806.
[18]Omar A,Ajar Q,Mukaram H,Wu S L.Community diversity and its seasonal dynamics of soil mites in Oasis of the Sangong river watershed of Xinjiang,China.Journal of Xinjiang University:Natural Science Edition,2016,33(1):6-19.
[19]陈鹏,文在根,青木淳一,芝,石川和男.长春净月潭地区土壤螨类的调查研究.动物学报,1988,34(3):282-293.
[20]吴东辉,张柏,陈鹏.吉林省中西部平原区土壤螨类群落结构特征.动物学报,2005,51(3):401-412.
[21]吴东辉,张柏,安艳芬.吉林省中部黑土区农业土地利用方式对土壤螨类群落特征的影响.土壤通报,2006,37(1):121-125.
[22]吴东辉,尹文英,陈鹏.刈割条件下松嫩平原碱化羊草草地土壤螨类群落变化特征的研究.土壤学报,2008,45(5):1007-1014.
[23]丁程成,戴征凯,薛晓峰,李辉信,刘满强,陈小云,周静,张斌,胡锋.退化红壤植被恢复对土壤螨类群落结构的影响.生态学报,2008,28(10):4771-4781.
[24]李钰飞,郑春燕,李吉进,孙钦平,邹国元,刘本生,许俊香,高利娟,刘东生,李季.不同管理模式对温室土壤螨群落结构的影响.生态学报,2016,36(12):3802-3811.
[25]战丽莉,许艳丽,张兴义,裴希超,赵刚,王建华.耕作方式对土壤螨类群落结构的影响.中国生态农业学报,2013,21(5):598-605.
[26]阿提坎·吾布力喀斯木,吾玛尔·阿布力孜,努尔合尼穆·艾麦提.玛纳斯河流域平原区土壤螨类群落特征研究.安徽农业科学,2014,42(23):7829-7834,7843-7843.
[27]Lin L,Gao M X,Liu D,Zhang X P,Wu H T,Wu D H.Co-occurence patterns of above-ground and below-ground mite communities in farmland of Sanjiang plain,northeast China.Chinese Geographical Science,2014,24(3):339-347.
[28]高梅香,刘冬,张雪萍,吴东辉.三江平原农田地表和地下土壤螨类丰富度与环境因子的空间关联性.生态学报,2016,36(6):1782-1792.
[29]Shakir M M,Ahmed S.Seasonal abundance of soil arthropods in relation to meteorological and edaphic factors in the agroecosystems of Faisalabad,Punjab,Pakistan.International Journal of Biometeorology,2015,59(5):605-616.
[30]Bolger T,Arroyo J J,Kenny J,Caplice M.Hierarchical analysis of mite community structures in Irish forests-A study of the relative contribution of location,forest type and microhabitat.Applied Soil Ecology,2014,83:39-43.
[31]Dirilgen T,Arroyo J,Dimmers W J,Faber J,Stone D,da Silva P M,Carvalho F,Schmelz R,Griffiths B S,Francisco R,Creamer R E,Sousa J P,Bolger T.Mite community composition across a European transect and its relationships to variation in other components of soil biodiversity.Applied Soil Ecology,2016,97:86-97.
[32]韩雪梅,李丹丹,梁子安,陈云峰,胡诚.北方常见农业土地利用方式对土壤螨群落结构的影响.生态学报,2013,33(16):5026-5034.
[33]Kardol P,Reynolds W N,Norby R J,Classen A T.Climate change effects on soil microarthropod abundance and community structure.Applied Soil Ecology,2011,47(1):37-44.
[34]Klimek A,Rolbiecki S,Rolbiecki R.Impact of ectohumus application in birch and pine nurseries on the presence of soil mites(Acari),Oribatida in particular.Folia Forestalia Polonica,Series A,2016,58(1):20-30.
[35]Gao M X,He P,Zhang X P,Liu D,Wu D H.Relative roles of spatial factors,environmental filtering and biotic interactions in fine-scale structuring of a soil mite community.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2014,79:68-77.
[36]张丽梅,高梅香,刘冬,张雪萍,吴东辉.环境筛选和扩散限制在地表和地下螨群落物种共存中的调控作用.生态学报,2016,36(13):3951-3959.