新疆天山森林公园土壤甲螨群落结构和类群多样性研究
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摘要
为探明天山森林公园不同生境土壤甲螨多样性特征及其时空动态特征,基于Tullgren干漏斗法对不同生境土壤甲螨群落结构和类群多样性进行比较研究。结果表明,共捕获土壤甲螨成体标本21 836只,属于45科81属。其中小甲螨属Oribatella为优势类群,占总个体数的11.24%;三皱甲螨属Rhysotritia、小奥甲螨属Oppiella、贪颈尖棱甲螨属Jugatala、尖棱甲螨属Ceratozetes为亚优势类群,占总个体数的23.58%;礼服甲螨属Trhypochthonius、洼甲螨属Camisia、盖头甲螨属Tectocepheus等21属为常见类群,占总个体数的49.8%;古甲螨属Palaeacarus、沙甲螨属Eremulus、大翼甲螨属Galumna等55属为稀有类群,占总个体数的15.38%。不同生境间土壤甲螨群落结构及类群多样性均有显著差异,其个体数顺序为针叶林>针阔混交林>阔叶林>苗圃林>草甸草原>灌木林>林中草地,而多样性指数表现为针叶林>苗圃林>阔叶林>灌木林>针阔混交林>草甸草原>林中草地;在时空分布上表现出极显著差异,垂直分布具有明显的表聚特性,而在季节分布上秋季最多,春季最少。MGP分析表明,土壤甲螨群落基本属于O型和P型。聚类和排序结果将7种不同生境分为四大类型。研究表明,植被类型和人为干扰是影响土壤甲螨群落结构和多样性的主导因素。
In order to explore the impact of vegetation types and forest management on the soil oribatid biodiversity,we investigated the community structure and diversity of soil oribatids in 7 different habitat types in Tianshan Forest Park,Xinjiang,Northwest China using Tullgren funnel. We captured 21 836 adult individuals of oribatid mites which belong to 81 genera and 45 families. Among them,Oribatella was the dominant group and account for 11.24% of the total abundance,Oppiella,Ceratozetes,Jugatala and Rhysotritia were subdominant groups,and account for 23.58%;21 genera including Trhypochthonius,Camisia and Tectocepheus were common groups,and account for 49.8 %;55 genera including Eremulus,Galumna and Hoplophthiracarus were rare groups,and account for 15.38%. The results indicated that there were significant differences in the structure and diversity of soil oribatid mite communities among different habitats(P<0.05),the number of individuals in coniferous forest >conifer-broadleaf forest > broad-leaved forest > nursery garden > meadow steppe> shrubbery> grass glade,and the diversity index represents coniferous forest> nursery garden > broad-leaved forest> shrubbery> conifer-broadleaf forest> meadow steppe> grass glade. There were significant differences in the spatial and temporal distribution(P<0.01),the vertical distribution has distinct surface aggregation,while the total abundance was highest in autumn and the lowest in spring. MGP analysis showed that the soil oribatida community basically belonged to 0 type and P type. The clustering and sorting results divided seven different habitats into four main types. The results showed that vegetation type and human disturbance were the dominant factors affecting the structure and diversity of soil oribatida community in Tianshan Forest Park.
In order to explore the impact of vegetation types and forest management on the soil oribatid biodiversity,we investigated the community structure and diversity of soil oribatids in 7 different habitat types in Tianshan Forest Park,Xinjiang,Northwest China using Tullgren funnel. We captured 21 836 adult individuals of oribatid mites which belong to 81 genera and 45 families. Among them,Oribatella was the dominant group and account for 11.24% of the total abundance,Oppiella,Ceratozetes,Jugatala and Rhysotritia were subdominant groups,and account for 23.58%;21 genera including Trhypochthonius,Camisia and Tectocepheus were common groups,and account for 49.8 %;55 genera including Eremulus,Galumna and Hoplophthiracarus were rare groups,and account for 15.38%. The results indicated that there were significant differences in the structure and diversity of soil oribatid mite communities among different habitats(P<0.05),the number of individuals in coniferous forest >conifer-broadleaf forest > broad-leaved forest > nursery garden > meadow steppe> shrubbery> grass glade,and the diversity index represents coniferous forest> nursery garden > broad-leaved forest> shrubbery> conifer-broadleaf forest> meadow steppe> grass glade. There were significant differences in the spatial and temporal distribution(P<0.01),the vertical distribution has distinct surface aggregation,while the total abundance was highest in autumn and the lowest in spring. MGP analysis showed that the soil oribatida community basically belonged to 0 type and P type. The clustering and sorting results divided seven different habitats into four main types. The results showed that vegetation type and human disturbance were the dominant factors affecting the structure and diversity of soil oribatida community in Tianshan Forest Park.
引文
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[2]卜照义.净月潭地区土壤螨类及其群落生态学研究[J].生态学报,1990,10(4):355-361.
[3]王宗英,路有成,王慧芙,等.九华山土壤螨类的生态分布[J].生态学报,1996,16(1):58-64.
[4]付荣恕,苗明升.泰山地区土壤甲螨的群落组成和季节变动[J].动物学报,2001,47(专刊):13-18.
[5]Behan-Pelletier V M.Oribatid mite biodiversity in agroecosystems:role for bioindication[J].Agriculture Ecosystem and Environment,1999(74):411-423.
[6]Ke X,Liang W Y,Yu W T,et al.Community str ucture and seasonal change of soil microarthropods in the lower reaches of Liaohe river plain under different land utilization[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2004,15(4):600-604.
[7]Minor M A,Ermilov S G,Tiunov A V.Taxonomic resolution and functional traits in the analysis of tropical oribatid mite assemblages[J].Experimental and Applied Acarology,2017,73(3-4):365-381.
[8]殷秀琴,宋博,董炜华,等.我国土壤动物生态地理研究进展[J].地理学报,2010,65(1):91-102.
[9]尹文英,胡圣豪,沈温芬,等.中国土壤动物检索图鉴[M].北京:科学出版社,1998:163-242,527-562.
[10]江原昭三.日本蜱螨类检索图鉴[M].日本东京:全国农村教育社会出版社,1980:1-562.
[11]青木淳一.日本土壤动物检索图鉴[M].日本东京:东海大学出版社,1999:173-436.
[12]Balogh J,Balogh P.The Oribatid Mites Genera of the World[M].Budapest:The Hungarian National Museum Press,1992.
[13]Krantz G W,Walter D E.A Manual of Acarology[M].3rd ed.Texas:Texas Tech University Press,2009.
[14]张燕,金道超.赤水桫椤自然保护区土壤甲螨多样性的初步研究[J].蛛形学报,2008,17(1):21-24.
[15]许士国,付荣怒.鹤伴山国家森林公园土壤甲螨群落结构[J].生态学报,2010,30(23):6654-6660.
[16]刘高峰,杨茂发.梵净山土壤甲螨群落结构与多样性调查[J].安徽农业科学,2011,39(1):142-144,197.
[17]吾玛尔·阿布力孜,阿提坎木·吾布力喀斯木,祖胡玛尔·阿里.乌鲁木齐市南山小渠子土壤螨类群落结构研究[J].安徽农业科学,2014,42(24):8191-8197.
[18]吾玛尔·阿布力孜,阿提坎木·吾布力喀斯木,吴松林,等.新疆喀纳斯国家级自然保护区土壤螨类群落特征[J].干旱区资源与环境,2015,29(2):99-104.
[19]Maribie C W,Nyamasyo G H N,Ndegwa P N,et al.Abundance and diversity of soil mites(Acari)along a gradient of land use types in Taita Taveta,Kenya[J].Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems,2011,13(1):11-26.
[20]Kamczyc J,Urbanowski C,Pers-Kamczyc E.Mite communities(Acari:Mesostigmata)in young and mature coniferous forests after surface wildfire[J].Experimental and Applied Acarology,2017,72:145-160.
[21]郑经鸿,王丽真,张兴亚,等.新疆草地甲螨分布规律研究[J].生态学报,1993,13(2):171-176.
[22]吴东辉,尹文英,陈鹏,等.刈割条件下松嫩平原碱化羊草草地土壤螨类群落变化特征的研究[J].土壤学报,2008,45(5):1007-1014.
[23]Dirilgen T,Arroyo J,Dimmers W J.Mite community composition across a European transect and its relationships to variation in other components of soil biodiversity[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2016(97):86-97.
[24]Bolger T,Arroyo J,Kenny J,et al.Hierarchical analysis of mite community structures in Irish forests—A study of the relative contribution of location,forest type and microhabitat[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2014(83):39-43.
[25]木卡热木·阿吉木,吾玛尔·阿布力孜,阿布都如苏力·吐逊,等.准噶尔盆地东南缘绿洲一荒漠交错带土壤甲螨群落结构[J].干旱区资源与环境,2013,27(8):164-170.
[26]韩雪梅,李丹丹,梁子安,等.北方常见农业土地利用方式对土壤螨群落结构的影响[J].生态学报,2013,33(16):5026-5034.
[27]Zaitsev A S,Chauvat M,Wolters V.Spruce forest conversion to a mixed beech-coniferous stand modifies oribatid community structure[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2014(6):60-67.
[28]Fischer B M,Schatz H.Biodiversity of oribatid mites(Acari:Oribatida)along an altitudinal gradient in the Central Alps[J].Zootaxa,2013,3626(4):429-454.
[29]Gao M X,He P,Zhang X P,et al.Relative roles of spatial factors,environmental filtering and biotic interactions in fine-scale structuring of a soil mite community[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2014,79:68-77.
[30]Omar A,Ajar Q,Mukaram H,et al.Community diversity and its seasonal dynamics of soil mites in Oasis of the Sangong river watershed of Xinjiang,China[J].Journal of Xinjiang University:Natural Science Edition,2016,33(1):6-19.
[31]阿加尔·恰肯,吾玛尔·阿布力孜,排孜力耶·合力力.新疆玛纳斯河流域土壤螨类群落多样性[J].生态学报,2017,37(24):8385-8396.
[32]Zhang Y,Jin D C,Zhou Y F,et al.Community composition and diversity of soil oribatid mites(Acari:Oribatida)in karst forests in Shibing,Guizhou,Southwestern China[J].Acta Entomologica Sinica,2015,58(7):791-799.
[33]Mumladze L,Murvanidze M,Maraun M,et al.Oribatid mite communities along an elevational gradient in Sairme gorge(Caucasus)[J].Experimental and Applied Acarology,2015,66:41-51.
[34]排孜丽耶·合力力,吾玛尔·阿布力孜,阿加尔·恰肯.干旱区不同土地利用类型下土壤螨类群落多样性比较[J].新疆农业科学,2017,54(12):2267-2281.
[35]Alatalo J M,Jagerbrand A K,Juhanson J,et al.Impacts of twenty years of experimental warming on soil carbon,nitrogen,moisture and soil mites across alpine/subarctic tundra communities[J].Scientific Reports,2017,7:44489.
[36]Minor M A,Babenko A B,Ermilov S G.Oribatid mites(Acari:Oribatida)and springtails(Collembola)in alpine habitats of southern New Zealand[J].New Zealand Journal of Zoology,2017,44(1):65-85.
[37]Bai X,Zhao S L,Duo L.Impacts of carbon nanomaterials on the diversity of microarthropods in turfgrass soil[J].Scientific Reports,2017,7(1):1779.
[38]Minor M A,Ermilov S G,Anichkin A E.Biodiversity of soil oribatid mites(Acari:Oribatida)in a tropical highland plateau,Bi Doup-Nui Ba National Par,Southern Vietnam[J].Tropical Ecology,2017,58(1):45-55.
[2]卜照义.净月潭地区土壤螨类及其群落生态学研究[J].生态学报,1990,10(4):355-361.
[3]王宗英,路有成,王慧芙,等.九华山土壤螨类的生态分布[J].生态学报,1996,16(1):58-64.
[4]付荣恕,苗明升.泰山地区土壤甲螨的群落组成和季节变动[J].动物学报,2001,47(专刊):13-18.
[5]Behan-Pelletier V M.Oribatid mite biodiversity in agroecosystems:role for bioindication[J].Agriculture Ecosystem and Environment,1999(74):411-423.
[6]Ke X,Liang W Y,Yu W T,et al.Community str ucture and seasonal change of soil microarthropods in the lower reaches of Liaohe river plain under different land utilization[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2004,15(4):600-604.
[7]Minor M A,Ermilov S G,Tiunov A V.Taxonomic resolution and functional traits in the analysis of tropical oribatid mite assemblages[J].Experimental and Applied Acarology,2017,73(3-4):365-381.
[8]殷秀琴,宋博,董炜华,等.我国土壤动物生态地理研究进展[J].地理学报,2010,65(1):91-102.
[9]尹文英,胡圣豪,沈温芬,等.中国土壤动物检索图鉴[M].北京:科学出版社,1998:163-242,527-562.
[10]江原昭三.日本蜱螨类检索图鉴[M].日本东京:全国农村教育社会出版社,1980:1-562.
[11]青木淳一.日本土壤动物检索图鉴[M].日本东京:东海大学出版社,1999:173-436.
[12]Balogh J,Balogh P.The Oribatid Mites Genera of the World[M].Budapest:The Hungarian National Museum Press,1992.
[13]Krantz G W,Walter D E.A Manual of Acarology[M].3rd ed.Texas:Texas Tech University Press,2009.
[14]张燕,金道超.赤水桫椤自然保护区土壤甲螨多样性的初步研究[J].蛛形学报,2008,17(1):21-24.
[15]许士国,付荣怒.鹤伴山国家森林公园土壤甲螨群落结构[J].生态学报,2010,30(23):6654-6660.
[16]刘高峰,杨茂发.梵净山土壤甲螨群落结构与多样性调查[J].安徽农业科学,2011,39(1):142-144,197.
[17]吾玛尔·阿布力孜,阿提坎木·吾布力喀斯木,祖胡玛尔·阿里.乌鲁木齐市南山小渠子土壤螨类群落结构研究[J].安徽农业科学,2014,42(24):8191-8197.
[18]吾玛尔·阿布力孜,阿提坎木·吾布力喀斯木,吴松林,等.新疆喀纳斯国家级自然保护区土壤螨类群落特征[J].干旱区资源与环境,2015,29(2):99-104.
[19]Maribie C W,Nyamasyo G H N,Ndegwa P N,et al.Abundance and diversity of soil mites(Acari)along a gradient of land use types in Taita Taveta,Kenya[J].Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems,2011,13(1):11-26.
[20]Kamczyc J,Urbanowski C,Pers-Kamczyc E.Mite communities(Acari:Mesostigmata)in young and mature coniferous forests after surface wildfire[J].Experimental and Applied Acarology,2017,72:145-160.
[21]郑经鸿,王丽真,张兴亚,等.新疆草地甲螨分布规律研究[J].生态学报,1993,13(2):171-176.
[22]吴东辉,尹文英,陈鹏,等.刈割条件下松嫩平原碱化羊草草地土壤螨类群落变化特征的研究[J].土壤学报,2008,45(5):1007-1014.
[23]Dirilgen T,Arroyo J,Dimmers W J.Mite community composition across a European transect and its relationships to variation in other components of soil biodiversity[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2016(97):86-97.
[24]Bolger T,Arroyo J,Kenny J,et al.Hierarchical analysis of mite community structures in Irish forests—A study of the relative contribution of location,forest type and microhabitat[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2014(83):39-43.
[25]木卡热木·阿吉木,吾玛尔·阿布力孜,阿布都如苏力·吐逊,等.准噶尔盆地东南缘绿洲一荒漠交错带土壤甲螨群落结构[J].干旱区资源与环境,2013,27(8):164-170.
[26]韩雪梅,李丹丹,梁子安,等.北方常见农业土地利用方式对土壤螨群落结构的影响[J].生态学报,2013,33(16):5026-5034.
[27]Zaitsev A S,Chauvat M,Wolters V.Spruce forest conversion to a mixed beech-coniferous stand modifies oribatid community structure[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2014(6):60-67.
[28]Fischer B M,Schatz H.Biodiversity of oribatid mites(Acari:Oribatida)along an altitudinal gradient in the Central Alps[J].Zootaxa,2013,3626(4):429-454.
[29]Gao M X,He P,Zhang X P,et al.Relative roles of spatial factors,environmental filtering and biotic interactions in fine-scale structuring of a soil mite community[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2014,79:68-77.
[30]Omar A,Ajar Q,Mukaram H,et al.Community diversity and its seasonal dynamics of soil mites in Oasis of the Sangong river watershed of Xinjiang,China[J].Journal of Xinjiang University:Natural Science Edition,2016,33(1):6-19.
[31]阿加尔·恰肯,吾玛尔·阿布力孜,排孜力耶·合力力.新疆玛纳斯河流域土壤螨类群落多样性[J].生态学报,2017,37(24):8385-8396.
[32]Zhang Y,Jin D C,Zhou Y F,et al.Community composition and diversity of soil oribatid mites(Acari:Oribatida)in karst forests in Shibing,Guizhou,Southwestern China[J].Acta Entomologica Sinica,2015,58(7):791-799.
[33]Mumladze L,Murvanidze M,Maraun M,et al.Oribatid mite communities along an elevational gradient in Sairme gorge(Caucasus)[J].Experimental and Applied Acarology,2015,66:41-51.
[34]排孜丽耶·合力力,吾玛尔·阿布力孜,阿加尔·恰肯.干旱区不同土地利用类型下土壤螨类群落多样性比较[J].新疆农业科学,2017,54(12):2267-2281.
[35]Alatalo J M,Jagerbrand A K,Juhanson J,et al.Impacts of twenty years of experimental warming on soil carbon,nitrogen,moisture and soil mites across alpine/subarctic tundra communities[J].Scientific Reports,2017,7:44489.
[36]Minor M A,Babenko A B,Ermilov S G.Oribatid mites(Acari:Oribatida)and springtails(Collembola)in alpine habitats of southern New Zealand[J].New Zealand Journal of Zoology,2017,44(1):65-85.
[37]Bai X,Zhao S L,Duo L.Impacts of carbon nanomaterials on the diversity of microarthropods in turfgrass soil[J].Scientific Reports,2017,7(1):1779.
[38]Minor M A,Ermilov S G,Anichkin A E.Biodiversity of soil oribatid mites(Acari:Oribatida)in a tropical highland plateau,Bi Doup-Nui Ba National Par,Southern Vietnam[J].Tropical Ecology,2017,58(1):45-55.