强度石漠化区不同植被修复模式下土壤螨类群落差异
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摘要
石漠化治理区不同植被修复模式下的土壤螨类群落差异反映了生态系统的恢复状况,可籍以反映石漠化治理的生态效果。2014年1月、4月、8月和10月,对贵州花江喀斯特峡谷区顶坛小流域强度石漠化区域的"花椒"、"金银花"、"花椒+金银花"3种植被修复生境的土壤螨类进行了调查,共捕获土壤螨类1372头,隶属3目55科89属。采用类群(属)数、个体数量、个体密度、多样性指数(H')、丰富度指数(SR)、均匀性指数(J)、相似性指数(CN)、捕食性螨类成熟度指数(MI)和甲螨MGP类群等参数对土壤螨类群落差异进行了表征。结果显示,花椒林拥有较丰富的螨类属,金银花林拥有较高的的个体数量和个体密度。不同模式下的科、属类群组成呈现差异;属数、个体数量存在一定的季节差异,花椒林的螨类属数、金银花林的螨类个体数量和个体密度呈现一定的表聚性;群落多样性大多存在季节差异;捕食性革螨以r选择型为主,甲螨主要为O型和M型。研究表明,强度石漠化在不同植被修复模式下,土壤螨类生物生态类群存在差异,土壤生态系统仍处于修复之中,其中螨类优势属、具有典型生物学与生态学特性差异的螨类类群对石漠化治理的生态效果具有重要的指示作用。
Differences in soil mite communities among different vegetation restoration modes under rocky desertification control reflect the ecosystem restoration status and ecological effects of different rocky desertification control strategies.During January,April,August,and October 2014,a total of 1372 soil mites belonging to 3 orders,55 families,and 89 genera were captured from three kinds of vegetation restoration habitats,Chinese prickly ash( Zanthoxylum planispinum var.dingtanensis), honeysuckle( Lonicera japonica), and Chinese prickly ash + honeysuckle, in an intense rocky desertification area in the Dingtan small watershed in Huajiang Karst canyon,Guizhou Province. The number of genera,number of individuals,individual density,diversity index,richness index,evenness index,similarity index,maturity index,and oribatid mite community structure analysis were used to characterize the differences among soil mite communities. The results showed that the mite genera of Chinese prickly ash forest were rich,the individual mite numberand density in the honeysuckle forest were high,and the composition of families and genera were different among the three restoration modes. The genera numbers and individual numbers were different at each sampling time; in particular,the number of mite genera in Chinese prickly ash forests and the individual mite number and density in honeysuckle forests showed surface-aggregations. The community diversity showed seasonal differences. Predatory mites( Gamasina) were rselected,whereas oribatid mites were mainly O and M-type. In conclusion,the bio-ecological groups of soil mites were different among different modes of vegetation restoration,and the soil ecosystem of the investigated area was still in the restoration process. Meanwhile, the dominant genera of soil mites and groups of typical biological and ecological characteristics could indicate the effect of ecological restoration in rocky desertification control.
Differences in soil mite communities among different vegetation restoration modes under rocky desertification control reflect the ecosystem restoration status and ecological effects of different rocky desertification control strategies.During January,April,August,and October 2014,a total of 1372 soil mites belonging to 3 orders,55 families,and 89 genera were captured from three kinds of vegetation restoration habitats,Chinese prickly ash( Zanthoxylum planispinum var.dingtanensis), honeysuckle( Lonicera japonica), and Chinese prickly ash + honeysuckle, in an intense rocky desertification area in the Dingtan small watershed in Huajiang Karst canyon,Guizhou Province. The number of genera,number of individuals,individual density,diversity index,richness index,evenness index,similarity index,maturity index,and oribatid mite community structure analysis were used to characterize the differences among soil mite communities. The results showed that the mite genera of Chinese prickly ash forest were rich,the individual mite numberand density in the honeysuckle forest were high,and the composition of families and genera were different among the three restoration modes. The genera numbers and individual numbers were different at each sampling time; in particular,the number of mite genera in Chinese prickly ash forests and the individual mite number and density in honeysuckle forests showed surface-aggregations. The community diversity showed seasonal differences. Predatory mites( Gamasina) were rselected,whereas oribatid mites were mainly O and M-type. In conclusion,the bio-ecological groups of soil mites were different among different modes of vegetation restoration,and the soil ecosystem of the investigated area was still in the restoration process. Meanwhile, the dominant genera of soil mites and groups of typical biological and ecological characteristics could indicate the effect of ecological restoration in rocky desertification control.
引文
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[14]Ryabinin N A,Pan'kov A N. Successions of oribatid mites(Acariformes:Oribatida)on disturbed areas. Biology Bulletin,2009,36(5):510-515.
[15]Minor M A,Norton R A. Effects of weed and erosion control on communities of soil mites(Oribatida and Gamasina)in short-rotation willow plantings in central New York. Canadian Journal of Forest Research,2008,38(5):1061-1070.
[16]丁程成,戴征凯,薛晓峰,李辉信,刘满强,陈小云,周静,张斌,胡锋.退化红壤植被恢复对土壤螨类群落结构的影响.生态学报,2008,28(10):4771-4781.
[17]吴东辉,尹文英,杨振明.松嫩草原中度退化草地不同植被恢复方式下土壤螨类群落特征的差异.动物学报,2007,53(4):607-615.
[18]吴东辉,尹文英,阎日青.东北松嫩草原重度退化草地两种典型植被恢复处理方式间土壤螨类群落特征比较.动物学研究,2007,28(5):519-525.
[19]Krantz G W,Walter D E. A manual of Acarology. 3rd ed. Texas:Texas Tech University Press,2009:1-807.
[20]李隆术,李云瑞.蜱螨学.重庆:重庆出版社,1988:1-520.
[21]尹文英,胡圣豪,沈韫芬,宁应之,孙希达,吴纪华,诸葛燕,张云美,王敏,陈建英,徐成钢,梁彦龄,王洪铸,杨潼,陈德牛,张国庆,宋大祥,陈军,梁来荣,胡成业,王慧芙,张崇州,匡溥人,陈国孝,赵立军,谢荣栋,张骏,刘宪伟,韩美贞,毕道英,肖宁年,杨大荣.中国土壤动物检索图鉴.北京:科学出版社,1998:163-242,527-562.
[22]殷绥公,贝纳新,陈万鹏.中国东北土壤革螨.北京:中国农业出版社,2013:1-360.
[23]李朝品,沈兆鹏.中国粉螨概论.北京:科学出版社,2016:1-568.
[24]郑祥,鲍毅新,孔军苗,葛宝明.金华北山阔叶林大型土壤动物群落的初步研究.土壤,2005,37(5):545-550.
[25]Yeates G W,Bongers T. Nematode diversity in agroecosystems. Agriculture,Ecosystems&Environment,1999,74(1/3):113-135.
[26]Magurra A E. Ecological diversity and its measurements. Princeton,NJ:Princeton University Press,1988.
[27]Ruf A. A maturity index for predatory soil mites(Mesostigmata:Gamasina)as an indicator of environmental impacts of pollution on forest soils.Applied Soil Ecology,1998,9(1/3):447-452.
[28]Aoki J I. Analysis of oribatid communities by relative abundance in the species and individual numbers of the three major groups(MGP-analysis).Bulletin,Institute of Environmental Science and Technology,Yokohama National University,1983,10(1):171-176.
[29]谢桂林,傅荣恕,刘建丽,王昌儒,郑继军.菏泽牡丹园土壤甲螨群落特点研究.生态学报,2004,24(4):693-699.
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