入侵植物牛膝菊(Galinsoga parviflora Cav.)对植物多样性的影响
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摘要
采用样方法调查了呼和浩特市22个典型样地中植物的种类和数量,其中17个样地有牛膝菊的入侵,进一步分析其物种丰富度指数、优势度指数、多样性指数和均匀度指数,结果表明:22个样地中共有84种植物,隶属于28科65属,其中菊科(Compositae)植物最多(17种),占22.238%;禾本科(Gramineae)植物次之(14种),占16.667%,藜科(Chenopodiaceae)植物占7.143%;常见植物有24种。通过牛膝菊重要值与多样性指数之间关系的分析,发现牛膝菊入侵的样地与对照组CK相比,四种指数表现出基本一致的下降趋势,并且随着牛膝菊重要值的增大,Shannon-Wiener指数(H′)显著降低(P<0.05),Simpson指数(D_i)和Pielou指数(J)极显著降低(P<0.01),牛膝菊的入侵降低其分布区的植物多样性。
The invasive plant Galinsoga parviflora Cav. was selected as the research object. This study used sampling method to analyze the impact of its invasion on plant diversity in Hohhot, Inner Mongolia(four areas, four counties, one banner).A total of 22 plots were set up, of which 17 were invaded by G. parviflora Cav.. The results showed: 84 plants species were collected in the areas where G. parviflora Cav. invaded, belonging to 65 genera and 28 families. In which, the dominate families were Compositae(12 genera 17 species), Gramineae(10 genera 14 species) and Chenopodium(4 genera 6 species). There were twenty-four common plants. Through the analyzed of relationship between the importance value of G. parviflora Cav. and species diversity, it was found that four diversity indices showed a downward trend with the invasion of G. parviflora Cav.. And Simpson index(Di), Shannon-Wiener index(H′) and Pielou index(J) significantly(P<0.05 or P<0.01) decrease with the increase of the importance value of G. parviflora Cav.. Results illustrated that the invasion of G. parviflora Cav. was harmful to plants diversity.
The invasive plant Galinsoga parviflora Cav. was selected as the research object. This study used sampling method to analyze the impact of its invasion on plant diversity in Hohhot, Inner Mongolia(four areas, four counties, one banner).A total of 22 plots were set up, of which 17 were invaded by G. parviflora Cav.. The results showed: 84 plants species were collected in the areas where G. parviflora Cav. invaded, belonging to 65 genera and 28 families. In which, the dominate families were Compositae(12 genera 17 species), Gramineae(10 genera 14 species) and Chenopodium(4 genera 6 species). There were twenty-four common plants. Through the analyzed of relationship between the importance value of G. parviflora Cav. and species diversity, it was found that four diversity indices showed a downward trend with the invasion of G. parviflora Cav.. And Simpson index(Di), Shannon-Wiener index(H′) and Pielou index(J) significantly(P<0.05 or P<0.01) decrease with the increase of the importance value of G. parviflora Cav.. Results illustrated that the invasion of G. parviflora Cav. was harmful to plants diversity.
引文
[1]李振宇,解焱.中国外来入侵种[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2002.
[2]刘乐乐,王梅,徐正茹.兰州地区发现一种入侵植物新记录-牛膝菊[J].甘肃农业科技,2017(3):49-50.
[3]苏亚拉图,金凤,哈斯巴根.内蒙古外来入侵植物的初步研究[J].内蒙古师范大学学报(自然科学汉文版) ,2007,36(4) :480-483.
[4]翟强,王维斌,曲波,等.辽宁省牛膝菊属(Galinsoga Ruiz. et Pav.)植物的补充研究[J].植物研究,2018,38(3):338-342.
[5]陈菊艳,邱建生,刘童童,等.贵阳市乌当区外来入侵植物牛膝菊的入侵风险评价[J].贵州林业科技,2017,45(1):5-10.
[6]王翔飞,孙园,李鹏.牛膝菊的性状与显微鉴别[J].中药材,2016,39(6):1269-1271.
[7]胡容平,石军,黄廷友,等.土施镉超富集植物秸秆对镉胁迫牛膝菊光合特性的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2016,55(2): 393-397.
[8]李晓春. 入侵植物粗毛牛膝菊种群遗传多样性及遗传分化研究[D].沈阳:沈阳大学,2016.
[9]董晶晶,齐淑艳,姚静,等.不同土壤水分对牛膝菊生长及光合特性的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2015,54(12):2910-2913, 2926.
[10]姚静,齐淑艳,李晓春,等.入侵植物牛膝菊与白车轴草之间化感互作的研究[J].广东农业科学,2015,42(10):70-75.
[11]林立金,罗丽,杨代宇,等.混种富集植物对牛膝菊镉积累的影响[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(6):319-324.
[12]齐淑艳,孔令群,冯典兴,等.入侵植物牛膝菊ISSR-PCR反应体系的建立与优化[J].广东农业科学,2013,40(22):150-155.
[13]昌恩梓,齐淑艳,孔令群,等.牛膝菊属两种外来入侵植物叶片的形态解剖结构比较研究[J].东北师大学报(自然科学版),2012,44(4):108-113.
[14]郑景明,马克平.入侵生态学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2010.
[15]陈兴.外来生物入侵对农业生物多样性的危害及预防[J].现代农村科技,2017(11):31-32.
[16]龙雨彤,王思哪,梁彩彤,杨睿,邱超男,李慧静.我国外来植物入侵探究进展[J].现代园艺,2017(16):119.
[17]王国欢,白帆,桑卫国.中国外来入侵生物的空间分布格局及其影响因素[J].植物科学学报,2017,35(4):513-524.
[18]张红玉.紫茎泽兰入侵对群落结构及多样性的影响[J].西部林业科学,2013,42(4):104-109.
[19]丁晖,徐海根,刘志磊.外来入侵植物紫茎泽兰对植物多样性的影响[J].生态与农村环境学报,2007,23(2):29-32,75.
[20]邓旭,王娟,谭济才.豚草入侵湖南对植物多样性的影响[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(18):309-314.
[21]朱慧,吴双桃.三裂蟛蜞菊入侵对植物多样性的影响及其根提取物的抑草效应[J].西北农业学报,2012,21(8):38-44.
[22]宋珍珍. 两种入侵植物在新疆的分布、群落特点及对物种多样性的影响[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,2012.
[23]殷萍萍,李建东,殷红,等.三裂叶豚草入侵对植物生物多样性的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2010,38(4):189-194.
[24]林金成,强胜,吴海荣.外来入侵杂草空心莲子草对植物生物多样性的影响[J].农村生态环境,2005(2):28-32.
[25]柯倩倩,南康武,郑思思,冯幼义,胡仁勇,丁炳扬.外来种黑荆树的群落特征及其对物种多样性的影响[J].浙江大学学报(理学版),2010,37(3):324-329.Effects of invasive plant Galinsoga parviflora
[2]刘乐乐,王梅,徐正茹.兰州地区发现一种入侵植物新记录-牛膝菊[J].甘肃农业科技,2017(3):49-50.
[3]苏亚拉图,金凤,哈斯巴根.内蒙古外来入侵植物的初步研究[J].内蒙古师范大学学报(自然科学汉文版) ,2007,36(4) :480-483.
[4]翟强,王维斌,曲波,等.辽宁省牛膝菊属(Galinsoga Ruiz. et Pav.)植物的补充研究[J].植物研究,2018,38(3):338-342.
[5]陈菊艳,邱建生,刘童童,等.贵阳市乌当区外来入侵植物牛膝菊的入侵风险评价[J].贵州林业科技,2017,45(1):5-10.
[6]王翔飞,孙园,李鹏.牛膝菊的性状与显微鉴别[J].中药材,2016,39(6):1269-1271.
[7]胡容平,石军,黄廷友,等.土施镉超富集植物秸秆对镉胁迫牛膝菊光合特性的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2016,55(2): 393-397.
[8]李晓春. 入侵植物粗毛牛膝菊种群遗传多样性及遗传分化研究[D].沈阳:沈阳大学,2016.
[9]董晶晶,齐淑艳,姚静,等.不同土壤水分对牛膝菊生长及光合特性的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2015,54(12):2910-2913, 2926.
[10]姚静,齐淑艳,李晓春,等.入侵植物牛膝菊与白车轴草之间化感互作的研究[J].广东农业科学,2015,42(10):70-75.
[11]林立金,罗丽,杨代宇,等.混种富集植物对牛膝菊镉积累的影响[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(6):319-324.
[12]齐淑艳,孔令群,冯典兴,等.入侵植物牛膝菊ISSR-PCR反应体系的建立与优化[J].广东农业科学,2013,40(22):150-155.
[13]昌恩梓,齐淑艳,孔令群,等.牛膝菊属两种外来入侵植物叶片的形态解剖结构比较研究[J].东北师大学报(自然科学版),2012,44(4):108-113.
[14]郑景明,马克平.入侵生态学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2010.
[15]陈兴.外来生物入侵对农业生物多样性的危害及预防[J].现代农村科技,2017(11):31-32.
[16]龙雨彤,王思哪,梁彩彤,杨睿,邱超男,李慧静.我国外来植物入侵探究进展[J].现代园艺,2017(16):119.
[17]王国欢,白帆,桑卫国.中国外来入侵生物的空间分布格局及其影响因素[J].植物科学学报,2017,35(4):513-524.
[18]张红玉.紫茎泽兰入侵对群落结构及多样性的影响[J].西部林业科学,2013,42(4):104-109.
[19]丁晖,徐海根,刘志磊.外来入侵植物紫茎泽兰对植物多样性的影响[J].生态与农村环境学报,2007,23(2):29-32,75.
[20]邓旭,王娟,谭济才.豚草入侵湖南对植物多样性的影响[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(18):309-314.
[21]朱慧,吴双桃.三裂蟛蜞菊入侵对植物多样性的影响及其根提取物的抑草效应[J].西北农业学报,2012,21(8):38-44.
[22]宋珍珍. 两种入侵植物在新疆的分布、群落特点及对物种多样性的影响[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,2012.
[23]殷萍萍,李建东,殷红,等.三裂叶豚草入侵对植物生物多样性的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2010,38(4):189-194.
[24]林金成,强胜,吴海荣.外来入侵杂草空心莲子草对植物生物多样性的影响[J].农村生态环境,2005(2):28-32.
[25]柯倩倩,南康武,郑思思,冯幼义,胡仁勇,丁炳扬.外来种黑荆树的群落特征及其对物种多样性的影响[J].浙江大学学报(理学版),2010,37(3):324-329.Effects of invasive plant Galinsoga parviflora