碳排放政策下二级易变质产品供应链的联合订购策略
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摘要
研究了碳排放政策下二级易变质产品供应链的运作策略问题。结合易变质产品销售价格随时间变化与货栈容量有限制要求的现状,以有限计划期内系统总利润最大为目标,分别构建了碳限额与交易政策和碳税政策下的二级供应链库存优化模型。针对上述模型,利用优化理论的方法证明了最优订购策略的相关性质并将供应链在两种碳排放政策下的利润值分别与无碳约束的情形进行比较。最后通过数值试验对模型的理论结果进行验证,进一步探讨了不同碳系数对供应链运作策略的影响。研究结果表明:在碳限额与交易政策和碳税政策下,存在唯一的最优订购策略使得供应链的利润值取得最大;与碳税政策相比,碳限额与交易政策能够使得供应链实现高利润和低排放的效果。
Due to the rapid increase of carbon emissions in the world, a variety of carbon regulations have been proposed to control carbon dioxide(CO2) and other greenhouse gas emissions. As the primary source of carbon emissions, enterprises in the supply chain system play an important role in low carbon economy leading to new challenges for enterprise operation and supply chain management. Consequently, adopting an effective operation policy to obtain higher profit with lower carbon emissions has received considerable attention by many researchers and supply chain managers.Many products deteriorate rapidly over time causing more environmental damage than other products during manufacturing and storage process. In this scenario, the optional policies for deteriorating items are affected by carbon regulations. Therefore, this paper considers the joint order policy for a two-echelon supply chain system with deteriorating items under carbon emission regulations. In this supply chain system, carbon emissions are generated from the production of the manufacturer. The selling price varies with the time and the warehouse of the retailer has a limited storage capacity. Carbon cap-and-trade and carbon tax regulations are imposed on the supply chain system for deteriorating items. Regarding the replenishment time, replenishment number and ordering quantity as decision variables, we formulate two supply chain inventory optimization models which maximize the total profits of the system over a finite planning horizon. For these two models developed in this paper, we prove some optimal properties of the inventory policies by using optimization theory method and compare the profit between the models with and without carbon emission regulations. We then use some numerical examples to illustrate theoretical results and further analyze the effect of main carbon parameters on operational decisions. There are some interesting analysis results. First, the time and number of replenishment can be uniquely determined to maximize the total profit for each model. Second, under the carbon cap-and-trade regulation, the profit could be larger than that without carbon emissions when carbon cap satisfies certain conditions. Third, under the carbon tax regulation, the profit was strictly less than that without carbon emissions. Fourth, carbon cap-and-trade regulation could lead to a higher profit and lower carbon emission. In summary, government policy makers need to guide enterprises to reduce carbon emissions by setting the feasible values of carbon parameters, which is the key for implementing carbon regulations. For supply chain managers, the key of obtaining higher profit with reducing carbon emissions is to adopt an effective joint inventory policy. The models and conclusions developed in this paper will provide government policy makers and supply chain managers with an effective theoretical guidance to make decisions.
Due to the rapid increase of carbon emissions in the world, a variety of carbon regulations have been proposed to control carbon dioxide(CO2) and other greenhouse gas emissions. As the primary source of carbon emissions, enterprises in the supply chain system play an important role in low carbon economy leading to new challenges for enterprise operation and supply chain management. Consequently, adopting an effective operation policy to obtain higher profit with lower carbon emissions has received considerable attention by many researchers and supply chain managers.Many products deteriorate rapidly over time causing more environmental damage than other products during manufacturing and storage process. In this scenario, the optional policies for deteriorating items are affected by carbon regulations. Therefore, this paper considers the joint order policy for a two-echelon supply chain system with deteriorating items under carbon emission regulations. In this supply chain system, carbon emissions are generated from the production of the manufacturer. The selling price varies with the time and the warehouse of the retailer has a limited storage capacity. Carbon cap-and-trade and carbon tax regulations are imposed on the supply chain system for deteriorating items. Regarding the replenishment time, replenishment number and ordering quantity as decision variables, we formulate two supply chain inventory optimization models which maximize the total profits of the system over a finite planning horizon. For these two models developed in this paper, we prove some optimal properties of the inventory policies by using optimization theory method and compare the profit between the models with and without carbon emission regulations. We then use some numerical examples to illustrate theoretical results and further analyze the effect of main carbon parameters on operational decisions. There are some interesting analysis results. First, the time and number of replenishment can be uniquely determined to maximize the total profit for each model. Second, under the carbon cap-and-trade regulation, the profit could be larger than that without carbon emissions when carbon cap satisfies certain conditions. Third, under the carbon tax regulation, the profit was strictly less than that without carbon emissions. Fourth, carbon cap-and-trade regulation could lead to a higher profit and lower carbon emission. In summary, government policy makers need to guide enterprises to reduce carbon emissions by setting the feasible values of carbon parameters, which is the key for implementing carbon regulations. For supply chain managers, the key of obtaining higher profit with reducing carbon emissions is to adopt an effective joint inventory policy. The models and conclusions developed in this paper will provide government policy makers and supply chain managers with an effective theoretical guidance to make decisions.
引文
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[8]赵道致,原白云,徐春明.低碳供应链纵向合作减排的动态优化[J].控制与决策, 2014, 29(7):1340-1344.
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[13]熊中楷,张盼,郭年.供应链中碳税和消费者环保意识对碳排放影响[J].系统工程理论与实践, 2014, 34(9):2245-2252.
[14]李媛,赵道致.考虑公平偏好的低碳化供应链契约协调研究[J].管理工程学报, 2015, 29(1):156-161.
[15]曾伟,王瑶池,周洪涛.碳限额与交易机制下供应链运作优化研究[J].管理工程学报, 29(3):199-206.
[16]GoyalSK,GiriBC.Recenttrendsinmodelingofdeteriorating inventory[J].EuropeanJournalofOperationalResearch,2001,134(1):1-16.
[17]Bakker M, Riezebos J, Teunter RH. Review of inventory systems with deteriorationsince2001[J].EuropeanJournalofOperational Research, 2012, 221(2):275-284.
[18]AgrawalS,BanerjeeS,PapachristosS.Inventorymodelwith deterioratingitems,ramp-typedemandandpartiallybacklogged shortagesforatwowarehousesystem[J].AppliedMathematical Modelling, 2013, 37:8912-8929.
[19]Ghiami Y, Williams T, Wu Y. A two-echelon inventory model for a deteriorating item with stock-dependent demand, partial backlogging andcapacityconstraints[J].EuropeanJournalofOperational Research, 2013, 231(3):587-597.
[20]Liao JJ, Chung KJ, Huang KN. A deterministic inventory model for deteriorating items with two warehouses and trade credit in a supply chain system[J]. International Journal of Production Economic, 2013,146(2):557-565.
[21]BhuniaAK,JaggiCK,SharmaA,SharmaR.Atwo-warehouse inventorymodelfordeterioratingitemsunderpermissibledelayin paymentwithpartialbacklogging[J].AppliedMathematicsand Computation, 2014, 232:1125-1137.
[22]Yang HL. Two-warehouse partial backlogging inventory models with three-parameter weibull distribution deterioration under inflation[J].International Journal of Production Economics, 2012,138(1):107-116.
[23]JaggiCK,PareekS,KhannaK,SharmaR.Creditfinancingina two-warehouseenvironmentfordeterioratingitemswith price-sensitivedemandandfullybackloggedshortages[J].Applied Mathematical Modelling, 2014, 38:5315-5333.
[24]YuJCP,WangKJ,LinYS.Managingdualwarehouseswithan incentivepolicyfordeterioratingitems[J].InternationalJournalof Systems Science, 2016, 47(3):586-602.
[25]SinghT,PattnayakH.Atwo-warehouseinventorymodelfor deterioratingitemswithlineardemandunderconditionally permissibledelayinpayment[J].InternationalJournalof Management Science and Engineering Management, 2014, 9(2):104-113.
[26]BhuniaAK,ShaikhAA,GuptaPK.Astudyontwo-warehouse partiallybackloggeddeterioratinginventorymodelsunderinflation viaparticleswarmoptimisation[J].InternationalJournal ofSystems Science, 2015, 46(6):1036-1050.
[2]HuaGW,ChengTCE,WangSY.Managingcarbonfootprintsin inventorymanagement[J].InternationalJournalofProduction Economics, 2011, 132(2):178-185.
[3]BenjaafarS,LiYZ,DaskinM.Carbonfootprintandthe management of supply chains:Insights from simple models[J]. IEEE TransactionsonAutomationScienceandEngineering,2013,10(1):99-116.
[4]马秋卓,宋海清,陈功玉.碳配额交易体系下企业低碳产品定价及最优碳排放策略[J].管理工程学报, 2014, 28(2):127-136.
[5]SongJP,LengMM.Analysisofthesingle-periodproblemunder carbonemissionspolicies[A].In:ChoiTM. Handbookof NewsvendorProblems:Models,ExtensionsandApplications[C].New York:Springer, 2012:297-313.
[6]Jaber M Y, Glock CH,ElSaadany AMA. Supply chain coordination withemissionsreductionincentives[J].InternationalJournalof Production Research, 2013, 51(1):69-82.
[7]Du SF, Zhu LL, Liang L, et al. Emission-dependent supply chain and environment-policy-making in the`cap-and-trade'system[J]. Energy Policy, 2013, 57:61-67.
[8]赵道致,原白云,徐春明.低碳供应链纵向合作减排的动态优化[J].控制与决策, 2014, 29(7):1340-1344.
[9]聂佳佳,王拓,赵映雪,张磊楠.碳排放约束下再制造闭环供应链回收策略[J].管理工程学报, 2015, 29(3):249-256.
[10]骆瑞玲,范体军,夏海洋.碳排放交易政策下供应链碳减排技术投资的博弈分析[J].中国管理科学, 2014, 22(11):44-53.
[11]ToptalA,CetinkayaB.Howsupplychaincoordinationaffectsthe environment:a carbon footprint perspective[J]. Annals of Operations Research, 2015, Doi:10.1007/s10479-015-1858-9.
[12]鲁力,陈旭.不同碳排放政策下基于回购合同的供应链协调策略[J].控制与决策, 2014, 29(12):2212-2220.
[13]熊中楷,张盼,郭年.供应链中碳税和消费者环保意识对碳排放影响[J].系统工程理论与实践, 2014, 34(9):2245-2252.
[14]李媛,赵道致.考虑公平偏好的低碳化供应链契约协调研究[J].管理工程学报, 2015, 29(1):156-161.
[15]曾伟,王瑶池,周洪涛.碳限额与交易机制下供应链运作优化研究[J].管理工程学报, 29(3):199-206.
[16]GoyalSK,GiriBC.Recenttrendsinmodelingofdeteriorating inventory[J].EuropeanJournalofOperationalResearch,2001,134(1):1-16.
[17]Bakker M, Riezebos J, Teunter RH. Review of inventory systems with deteriorationsince2001[J].EuropeanJournalofOperational Research, 2012, 221(2):275-284.
[18]AgrawalS,BanerjeeS,PapachristosS.Inventorymodelwith deterioratingitems,ramp-typedemandandpartiallybacklogged shortagesforatwowarehousesystem[J].AppliedMathematical Modelling, 2013, 37:8912-8929.
[19]Ghiami Y, Williams T, Wu Y. A two-echelon inventory model for a deteriorating item with stock-dependent demand, partial backlogging andcapacityconstraints[J].EuropeanJournalofOperational Research, 2013, 231(3):587-597.
[20]Liao JJ, Chung KJ, Huang KN. A deterministic inventory model for deteriorating items with two warehouses and trade credit in a supply chain system[J]. International Journal of Production Economic, 2013,146(2):557-565.
[21]BhuniaAK,JaggiCK,SharmaA,SharmaR.Atwo-warehouse inventorymodelfordeterioratingitemsunderpermissibledelayin paymentwithpartialbacklogging[J].AppliedMathematicsand Computation, 2014, 232:1125-1137.
[22]Yang HL. Two-warehouse partial backlogging inventory models with three-parameter weibull distribution deterioration under inflation[J].International Journal of Production Economics, 2012,138(1):107-116.
[23]JaggiCK,PareekS,KhannaK,SharmaR.Creditfinancingina two-warehouseenvironmentfordeterioratingitemswith price-sensitivedemandandfullybackloggedshortages[J].Applied Mathematical Modelling, 2014, 38:5315-5333.
[24]YuJCP,WangKJ,LinYS.Managingdualwarehouseswithan incentivepolicyfordeterioratingitems[J].InternationalJournalof Systems Science, 2016, 47(3):586-602.
[25]SinghT,PattnayakH.Atwo-warehouseinventorymodelfor deterioratingitemswithlineardemandunderconditionally permissibledelayinpayment[J].InternationalJournalof Management Science and Engineering Management, 2014, 9(2):104-113.
[26]BhuniaAK,ShaikhAA,GuptaPK.Astudyontwo-warehouse partiallybackloggeddeterioratinginventorymodelsunderinflation viaparticleswarmoptimisation[J].InternationalJournal ofSystems Science, 2015, 46(6):1036-1050.