基于HYDRUS-2D滴灌棉田不同深度排盐沟土壤水盐运移的试验及模拟
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摘要
针对膜下滴灌引起的盐分累计问题,为探求不同深度排盐沟对滴灌棉田土壤水盐运移规律的影响,设计测坑排盐浅沟滴灌棉花种植试验,通过建立HYDRUS-2D模型对10 cm深度排盐沟、30 cm深度排盐沟土壤水分、盐分运动规律进行模拟,利用土壤实测数据与对模拟结果进行验证。结果表明:土壤电导率受到排盐浅沟影响较为明显,排盐浅沟深度越大,排盐效果越明显;深度为30 cm排盐沟滴头处形成盐分淡化区域,排盐沟处0-15 cm土层盐分呈现不同程度积累;相对于深度为10 cm的排盐沟,30 cm深度排盐沟盐分聚集区更接近于土壤裸露处,有利于进一步开展大水洗盐、机械刮盐等工作;由于试验在测坑中展开存在一定人为因素,因此需继续开展大田试验,以期对结果进行充分验证。
Targeting to the problem of salt accumulation in drip irrigation cotton fields, a cotton planting experiment with drip irrigation was designed to measure the depth of salt drainage in drip irrigation in order to explore the effects of different depths of salt drains on soil salt and water movement in drip-irrigated cotton fields. The HYDRUS-2 D model was established to simulate soil moisture and salinity in salt drainage ditch with a depth of 10 cm and 30 cm, and the measured results was used to verify the simulation results. The results showed that the soil electricity conductivity was affected by the salt drainage ditch. There is a obvious phenomenon of salt elimination with increasing deep of ditch. The salt desalination area is formed at the 30 cm salt drainage ditch, and the salinity in the 0-15 cm soil layer at the salt drainage ditch showed different degrees of accumulation. Compared with the 10 cm salt drainage ditch, the salt accumulation area at the 30 cm salt drainage ditch is closer to the bare soil, which is conducive to the further development of salt washing and mechanical scraping. Because there are human factors in the pit test, it is necessary to further carry out field tests in order to fully verify the results.
Targeting to the problem of salt accumulation in drip irrigation cotton fields, a cotton planting experiment with drip irrigation was designed to measure the depth of salt drainage in drip irrigation in order to explore the effects of different depths of salt drains on soil salt and water movement in drip-irrigated cotton fields. The HYDRUS-2 D model was established to simulate soil moisture and salinity in salt drainage ditch with a depth of 10 cm and 30 cm, and the measured results was used to verify the simulation results. The results showed that the soil electricity conductivity was affected by the salt drainage ditch. There is a obvious phenomenon of salt elimination with increasing deep of ditch. The salt desalination area is formed at the 30 cm salt drainage ditch, and the salinity in the 0-15 cm soil layer at the salt drainage ditch showed different degrees of accumulation. Compared with the 10 cm salt drainage ditch, the salt accumulation area at the 30 cm salt drainage ditch is closer to the bare soil, which is conducive to the further development of salt washing and mechanical scraping. Because there are human factors in the pit test, it is necessary to further carry out field tests in order to fully verify the results.
引文
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[16]冀荣华,王婷婷,祁力钧,等.基于HYDRUS-2D的负压灌溉土壤水分入渗数值模拟[J].农业机械学报,2015,46(4):113-119.Ji R H,Wang T T,Qi L J,et al.Numerical Simulation of Soil Moisture Infiltration under Negative Pressure Irrigation Based on HYDRUS-2D[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(4):113-119.
[17]V Phogat,M A Skewes,J W Coxa.Modelling soil water and salt dynamics under pulsed and continuous surface drip irrigation of almond and implications of system design[J].Irrigation Science,2012,30(4):315-333.
[18]周和平,王少丽,姚新华,等.膜下滴灌土壤水盐定向迁移分布特征及排盐效应研究[J].水利学报,2013,44(11):1380-1388.Zhou H P,Wang S L,Yao X H,et al.Research on distribution characteristics and salt-discharging effect of directional migration of water and salt in soil through drip irrigation under plastic film[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2013,44(11):1380-1388.
[2]田长彦,买文选,赵振勇.新疆干旱区盐碱地生态治理关键技术研究[J].生态学报,2016,36(22):7064-7068.Tian C Y,Mai W X,Zhao Z Y,Study on key technologies of ecological management of saline alkali land in arid area of Xinjiang[J].Acta Ecological Sinica,2016,36(22):7064-7068.
[3]杨鹏年,董新光,刘磊,等.干旱区大田膜下滴灌土壤盐分运移与调控[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(12):90-95.Yang P N,Dong X G,Liu L,et al.Soil Salt Dynamics in Cotton Fields with Mulched Drip Irrigation under the Existing Irrigation System in Xinjiang[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2011,27(12):90-95.
[4]栗现文,靳孟贵,袁晶晶,等.微咸水膜下滴灌棉田漫灌洗盐评价[J].水利学报,2014,45(9):1091-1098+1105.Li X W,Jin M G,Yuan J J,et al.Evaporation of soil salts leaching in cotton field after mulched drip irrigation with brackish water by freshwater flooding[J].Journal of Hydrauli Engineering,2014,45(9):1091-1098+1105.
[5]王振华,衡通,李文昊,等.滴灌条件下排水暗管间距对土壤盐分淋洗的影响[J].农业机械学报,2017,48(8):253-261.Wang Z H,Heng T,Li W H,et al.Effects of Drainage Pipe Spacing on Soil Salinity Leaching under Drip Irrigation Condition[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(8):253-261.
[6]孟凤轩,迪力夏提,罗新湖,等.新垦盐渍化农田暗管排水技术研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2011,30(1):106-109.Meng F X,Dilixiati,Luo X H,et al.Experiment Research of the Subsurface Pipe Drainage Technology in the New Exploited Salinification Farmland[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage,2011,30(1):106-109.
[7]王少丽,周和平,瞿兴业,等.干旱区膜下滴灌棉田定向排盐和盐分上移地表排模式研究[J].水利学报,2013,44(5):549-555.Wang S L,Zhou H P,Qu X Y,et al.Study on directional salt transport and surface salt draining under mulched drip irrigation in arid areas[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2013,44(5):549-555.
[8]周和平,彭立新,徐小波.土壤水盐定向迁移及排盐新模式研究[J].中国工程科学,2007,9(11):120-126.Zhou H P,Peng L X,Xu X B.The Stable Movement of Salty Water Soil and Pattern Research of Removing the Salt[J].Engineering Sciences,2007,9(11):120-126.
[9]马合木江·艾合买提.长期连作棉田土壤水盐运移规律及数值模拟研究[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,2015.
[10]李显潋,左强,石建初,等.新疆膜下滴灌棉田暗管排盐的数值模拟与分析Ⅱ.模型模型应用[J].水利学报,47(5):616-625.Li X W,Zuo Q,Shi J C,et.al.Evaluation of salt discharge by subsurface pipes in the cotton field with film mulched drip irrigation in Xinjiang,ChinaⅡ:Application of the calibrated models and parameters[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2016,47(5):616-625.
[11]马海燕,王昕,张展羽,等.基于HYDRUS-3D的微咸水膜孔沟灌水盐分布数值模拟[J].农业机械学报,2015,46(2):137-145.Ma H Y,Wang X,Zhang Z Y,et al.Numerical Simulation of Watersalt Distribution under Brackish Water Film Hole Furrow Irrigation Based on HYDRUS-3D Model[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(2):137-145.
[12]虎胆·吐马尔白,吴争光,苏里坦.棉花膜下滴灌土壤水盐运移规律数值模拟[J].土壤学报,2012,44(4):665-670.Hudan T,Wu Z G,Su L T.Numerical Simulation of Soil Water-salt Movement on Drip Irrigation Cotton Under Film[J].Soils,2012,44(4):665-670.
[13]莫彦,李光永,蔡明坤,等.基于HYDRUS-2D模型的玉米高出苗率地下滴灌开沟播种参数优选[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(17):105-112.Mo Y,Li G Y,Cai M K,et al.Selection of suitable technical parameters for alternate row/bed planting with high maize emergence under subsurface drip irrigation based on HYDRUS-2D model[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,33(17).
[14]李亮,李美艳,张军军,等.基于HYDRUS-2D模型模拟耕荒地水盐运移规律[J].干旱地区农业研究,2014,32(1):66-71.Li L,Li M Y,Zhang J J,et al.The moving rule of salt and water in cultivated land and saline wasteland based on HYDRUS-2D model[J].Agricultural Research In The Arid Areas,2014,32(1):66-71.
[15]李树芹,王全九.垂直线源入渗土壤水分分布特性模拟[J].农业机械学报,2011,42(3):51-57.Li S Q,Wang Q J.Simulation of soil water distribution under vertical line source infiltration[J].Transactions of The Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery,2011,42(3):51-57.
[16]冀荣华,王婷婷,祁力钧,等.基于HYDRUS-2D的负压灌溉土壤水分入渗数值模拟[J].农业机械学报,2015,46(4):113-119.Ji R H,Wang T T,Qi L J,et al.Numerical Simulation of Soil Moisture Infiltration under Negative Pressure Irrigation Based on HYDRUS-2D[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(4):113-119.
[17]V Phogat,M A Skewes,J W Coxa.Modelling soil water and salt dynamics under pulsed and continuous surface drip irrigation of almond and implications of system design[J].Irrigation Science,2012,30(4):315-333.
[18]周和平,王少丽,姚新华,等.膜下滴灌土壤水盐定向迁移分布特征及排盐效应研究[J].水利学报,2013,44(11):1380-1388.Zhou H P,Wang S L,Yao X H,et al.Research on distribution characteristics and salt-discharging effect of directional migration of water and salt in soil through drip irrigation under plastic film[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2013,44(11):1380-1388.