驱导辅助充种气吸式精量排种器设计与试验
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摘要
针对现有气吸式排种器充种环节工作压力要求高、高速作业时充种性能不佳,导致排种质量下降的问题,采用主动驱导种群、减少局部种间接触的方法,提高排种器高速条件下的充种率,并基于此设计了一种驱导辅助充种气吸式精量排种器。分析了排种器充种过程中种子的受力状态,阐述了排种盘导种槽辅助充种的工作原理,以及在充种过程各阶段提高种子充填率的设计思路;对导种槽外形曲线方程、斜面倾角进行了理论计算,确定了曲线的基本参数;利用气固耦合数值分析方法 CFD-DEM,以型孔处局部空隙率为指标,进行了单因素仿真试验,确定了导种槽曲线方程的基圆半径最优值。为了验证设计结果,在工作压力-5、-6 kPa条件下,分别与其他2种气吸式排种器进行速度单因素对比试验,试验结果表明,所设计的排种器在高速条件下的漏充率优于其他排种器。对所设计的排种器进行了前进速度、工作压力的双因素试验,通过多目标优化方法,确定了排种器的最佳工作参数。将所设计的排种器安装在气力式玉米免耕播种机上,在3个工作速度下进行了单因素田间试验,结果表明,当作业速度为9. 11 km/h时,粒距合格指数为95. 48%,高速条件下充种性能较为稳定。
Aiming to solve the problem of poor seeding quality of the current air-suction vertical disc precision seed metering device caused by higher demands for working pressure during seed-filling process at high speed working conditions. One kind of air suction precision seed metering device with guided assistant seed filling plate was designed to improve the singulation index( SI) of the seed meter at high speed. Basic parameters of the curve were expounded,the source of resistance during the seed-filling was analyzed,and the ideal filling state of the various segments of the seed was presented. An optimal value of the base circle radius of the disturbance groove curve equation was proposed by the calculation of disturbance trough curve equation,the calculation of edge tilt angle,and a single factor simulation experiment was carried out with the CFD-DEM method by gas-solid coupling numerical analysis with local void ratio as an indicator. In order to verify the design results,an single factor simulation experiment which compared with two domestic popular air-suction vertical disc precision seed metering devices was carried out under the working wind pressure of-5. 0 kPa and-6. 0 k Pa. The results showed that the missing rate and the qualified rate were better than those of the other two seed metering devices. Twofactor experiments of operation pressure and forward speed were made on the designed seed metering devices,the optimal operating parameters were proposed by multi-objective optimization analysis. The developed seed metering device was installed on the electrical drive air suction type seeding machine,and the single factor repeating factor test was carried out at three working speeds. When the working speed was 9. 11 km/h,the grain distance qualified index was 95. 48%,and the seed-filling had a better performance at high speed conditions.
Aiming to solve the problem of poor seeding quality of the current air-suction vertical disc precision seed metering device caused by higher demands for working pressure during seed-filling process at high speed working conditions. One kind of air suction precision seed metering device with guided assistant seed filling plate was designed to improve the singulation index( SI) of the seed meter at high speed. Basic parameters of the curve were expounded,the source of resistance during the seed-filling was analyzed,and the ideal filling state of the various segments of the seed was presented. An optimal value of the base circle radius of the disturbance groove curve equation was proposed by the calculation of disturbance trough curve equation,the calculation of edge tilt angle,and a single factor simulation experiment was carried out with the CFD-DEM method by gas-solid coupling numerical analysis with local void ratio as an indicator. In order to verify the design results,an single factor simulation experiment which compared with two domestic popular air-suction vertical disc precision seed metering devices was carried out under the working wind pressure of-5. 0 kPa and-6. 0 k Pa. The results showed that the missing rate and the qualified rate were better than those of the other two seed metering devices. Twofactor experiments of operation pressure and forward speed were made on the designed seed metering devices,the optimal operating parameters were proposed by multi-objective optimization analysis. The developed seed metering device was installed on the electrical drive air suction type seeding machine,and the single factor repeating factor test was carried out at three working speeds. When the working speed was 9. 11 km/h,the grain distance qualified index was 95. 48%,and the seed-filling had a better performance at high speed conditions.
引文
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[21]史嵩.气压组合孔式玉米精量排种器设计与试验研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2015.SHI Song.Design and experimental research of the tic maize precision seed-metering device with combined holes[D].Beijing:China Agricultural University,2015.(in Chinese)
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[2]李国林,宋炜,毛俐,等.国内外几种主要排种器的特点[J].农业科技与装备,2011(8):70-73.LI Guolin,SONG Wei,MAO Li,et al.Features of some main seed-metering devices at home and abroad[J].Agricultural Science&Technology and Equipment,2011(8):70-73.(in Chinese)
[3]杨丽,颜丙新,张东兴,等.玉米精密播种技术研究进展[J/OL].农业机械学报,2016,47(11):38-48.YANG Li,YAN Bingxin,ZHANG Dongxing,et al.Research progress on precision planting technology of maize[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(11):38-48.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20161106&flag=1.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2016.11.006.(in Chinese)
[4]YANG L,YAN B X,YU Y M,et al.Global overview of research progress and development of precision maize planters[J].International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering,2016,9(1):9-26.
[5]贾洪雷,陈玉龙,赵佳乐,等.气吸机械复合式大豆精密排种器设计与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2018,49(4):75-86,139.JIA Honglei,CHEN Yulong,ZHAO Jiale,et al.Design and experiment of pneumatic-mechanical combined precision metering device for soybean[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(4):75-86,139.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20180409&flag=1.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2018.04.009.(in Chinese)
[6]陈进,周韩,赵湛,等.基于EDEM的振动种盘中水稻种群运动规律研究[J].农业机械学报,2011,42(10):79-83,100.CHEN Jin,ZHOU Han,ZHAO Zhan,et al.Analysis of rice seeds motion on vibrating plate using EDEM[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2011,42(10):79-83,100.(in Chinese)
[7]赖庆辉,高筱钧,张智泓.三七气吸滚筒式排种器充种性能模拟与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2016,47(5):27-37.LAI Qinghui,GAO Xiaojun,ZHANG Zhihong.Simulation and experiment of seed-filling performance of pneumatic cylinder seedmetering device for Panax notoginseng[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(5):27-37.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20160505&flag=1.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2016.05.005.(in Chinese)
[8]张国忠,臧英,罗锡文,等.粳稻穴播排种器直线型搅种装置设计及排种精度试验[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(17):1-9.ZHANG Guozhong,ZANG Ying,LUO Xiwen,et al.Line-churning tooth design and metering accuracy experiment of rice pneumatic precision hill-drop seed metering device on pregnant Japonica rice seed[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2014,30(17):1-9.(in Chinese)
[9]张国忠,臧英,罗锡文,等.水稻气力式排种器导向型搅种装置的设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(12):1-8.ZHANG Guozhong,ZANG Ying,LUO Xiwen,et al.Design and experiment of oriented seed churning device on pneumatic seed metering device for rice[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2013,29(12):1-8.(in Chinese)
[10]杨丽,史嵩,崔涛,等.气吸与机械辅助附种结合式玉米精量排种器[J/OL].农业机械学报,2012,43(增刊):48-53.YANG Li,SHI Song,CUI Tao,et al.Air-suction corn precision metering device with mechanical supporting plate to assist carrying seed[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2012,43(Supp.):48-53.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=2012s10&flag=1.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2012.S0.010.(in Chinese)
[11]丁力,杨丽,刘守荣,等.辅助充种种盘玉米气吸式高速精量排种器设计[J].农业工程学报,2018,34(22):1-11.DING Li,YANG Li,LIU Shourong,et al.Design of air suction high speed precision maize seed metering device with assistant seed filling plate[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2018,34(22):1-11.(in Chinese)
[12]颜丙新,张东兴,杨丽,等.重力辅助充种盘室同步气吸式排种器性能分析[J/OL].农业机械学报,2018,49(增刊):117-124.YAN Bingxin,ZHANG Dongxing,YANG Li,et al.Performance analysis of gravity assist filling precision seed-metering device with synchronously rotating seed plate and vacuum chamber[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(Supp.):117-124.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=2018s016&flag=1.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2018.S0.016.(in Chinese)
[13]赵湛,李耀明,陈进,等.气吸滚筒式排种器吸种过程的动力学分析[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(7):112-116.ZHAO Zhan,LI Yaoming,CHEN Jin,et al.Dynamic analysis of seeds pick-up process for vacuum-cylinder seeder[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2011,27(7):112-116.(in Chinese)
[14]陈进,李耀明.气吸振动式播种试验台内种子运动规律的研究[J].农业机械学报,2002,33(1):47-50.CHEN Jin,LI Yaoming.Study on seeds movement law in sowing test stand with suction and vibration[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2002,33(1):47-50.(in Chinese)
[15]祁兵.中央集排气送式玉米精量排种器设计与试验研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2014.QI Bing.Design and experiment research of centralized pneumatic seed metering device[D].Beijing:China Agricultural University,2014.(in Chinese)
[16]祁兵,张东兴,崔涛,等.中央集排气送式玉米精量排种器设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(18):8-15.QI Bing,ZHANG Dongxing,CUI Tao,et al.Design and experiment of centralized pneumatic seed metering device for maize[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2013,29(18):8-15.(in Chinese)
[17]孙其诚,王光谦.颗粒物质力学导论[M].北京:科学出版社,2009.
[18]孙其诚.离散颗粒动力学模型及其应用[D].北京:清华大学,2001.
[19]CAMPBELL C S.Granular material flows:an overview[J].Powder Technol.,2006,162(3):208-229.
[20]史嵩,张东兴,杨丽,等.基于EDEM软件的气压组合孔式排种器充种性能模拟与验证[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(3):62-69.SHI Song,ZHANG Dongxing,YANG Li,et al.Simulation and verification of seed-filling performance of pneumatic combined holes maize precision seed-metering device based on EDEM[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2015,31(3):62-69.(in Chinese)
[21]史嵩.气压组合孔式玉米精量排种器设计与试验研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2015.SHI Song.Design and experimental research of the tic maize precision seed-metering device with combined holes[D].Beijing:China Agricultural University,2015.(in Chinese)
[22]史嵩,张东兴,杨丽,等.气压组合孔式玉米精量排种器设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(5):10-18.SHI Song,ZHANG Dongxing,YANG Li,et al.Design and experiment of pneumatic maize precision seed-metering device with combined holes[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2014,30(5):10-18.(in Chinese)
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