基于压电冲击法的水稻穴直播监测系统设计与试验
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摘要
为精准实时监测水稻穴直播机播种状态,提高监测稳定性,以弹射式耳勺型水稻穴直播排种器为研究载体,采用PVDF压电薄膜为传感元件,以ATmega328P MCU控制器为核心,基于压电冲击法设计了水稻穴直播监测系统。通过分析种群投种轨迹,设计了可辅助监测且导种成穴的导种管,确定了PVDF压电薄膜传感器的安装部位。结合排种器多粒穴播作业特点,确定了4种作业故障监测算法。设计了系统硬件电路,开发了蓝牙无线串口传输APP,实现了上、下位机无线通信。台架测试表明:在不同工况下系统灵敏度均在90. 83%及以上,可实现对信号的有效采集。由田间试验得到系统的重播监测精度、漏播监测精度及有效监测精度的平均值的最小值分别为81. 79%、80. 42%和97. 67%,且系统在机具发生重播或漏播时可进行声光报警。该监测系统满足水稻穴直播监测要求,有助于提高水稻穴直播作业质量。
In order to accurately monitor the sowing state of rice hill-direct-seeding machine in real time and improve stability,taking rebound dipper rice hill-direct-seeding metering device as research carrier,PVDF piezoelectric film as sensing element,ATmega328 P MCU as control core,a monitoring system for rice hill-direct-seeding based on piezoelectric impact method was designed. Based on analysis of seed throwing trajectory of rice seeds,seed-conducting tube which could be used to assist monitoring and indenting seed-conducting was designed,and the installation position of PVDF piezoelectric film sensor was determined. The control algorithm to four kinds of seeding faults was determined with characteristics of multi-seed hill-direct-seeding. The whole hardware circuit of system was designed and Bluetooth wireless serial transparent transmission APP was developed,so that wireless communication between the host computer and the slave computer could be realized. The results of bench test showed that the sensitivity of system can reach more than 90. 83% under different working conditions,so the system can realize the effective capture of signal. The field performance experiment results showed that acousto-optic alarm operation can be done when fault was happened. Counting reseeding hill amount and miss seeding hill amount were shown on Bluetooth wireless serial transparent transmission APP,which were contrast with actual reseeding hill amount and miss seeding hill amount counted by manpower,and the minimum mean values of reseeding monitoring accuracy,miss seeding monitoring rate and effective monitoring rate of system were 81. 79%, 80. 42% and 97. 67%, respectively, which can meet the monitoring requirement of rice hill-direct-seeding and enhance the operation quality of rice hill-direct-seeding.
In order to accurately monitor the sowing state of rice hill-direct-seeding machine in real time and improve stability,taking rebound dipper rice hill-direct-seeding metering device as research carrier,PVDF piezoelectric film as sensing element,ATmega328 P MCU as control core,a monitoring system for rice hill-direct-seeding based on piezoelectric impact method was designed. Based on analysis of seed throwing trajectory of rice seeds,seed-conducting tube which could be used to assist monitoring and indenting seed-conducting was designed,and the installation position of PVDF piezoelectric film sensor was determined. The control algorithm to four kinds of seeding faults was determined with characteristics of multi-seed hill-direct-seeding. The whole hardware circuit of system was designed and Bluetooth wireless serial transparent transmission APP was developed,so that wireless communication between the host computer and the slave computer could be realized. The results of bench test showed that the sensitivity of system can reach more than 90. 83% under different working conditions,so the system can realize the effective capture of signal. The field performance experiment results showed that acousto-optic alarm operation can be done when fault was happened. Counting reseeding hill amount and miss seeding hill amount were shown on Bluetooth wireless serial transparent transmission APP,which were contrast with actual reseeding hill amount and miss seeding hill amount counted by manpower,and the minimum mean values of reseeding monitoring accuracy,miss seeding monitoring rate and effective monitoring rate of system were 81. 79%, 80. 42% and 97. 67%, respectively, which can meet the monitoring requirement of rice hill-direct-seeding and enhance the operation quality of rice hill-direct-seeding.
引文
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[2]程建平,罗锡文,樊启洲,等.不同种植方式对水稻生育特性和产量的影响[J].华中农业大学学报,2010,29(1):1-5.CHENG Jianping,LUO Xiwen,FAN Qizhou,et al. Influence of different planting types on growth and development characteristics and yield of rice[J]. Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University,2010,29(1):1-5.(in Chinese)
[3]张文忠,苏悦,殷延勃,等.北方水稻穴直播栽培的农艺问题与对策[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2012,43(6):699-703.ZHANG Wenzhong,SU Yue,YIN Yanbo,et al. Agronomic problems and counter measures of north rice in direct seeding cultivation[J]. Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University,2012,43(6):699-703.(in Chinese)
[4]胡建平,陆黎.磁吸式穴盘播种器图像监控系统设计[J].农业机械学报,2006,37(11):88-91.HU Jianping,LU Li. Design of the image monitored control system for the magnetic type precision seeder[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2006,37(11):88-91.(in Chinese)
[5]王铁军.水稻直播机漏播监测装置试验研究[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2017.
[6]梁琨,罗汉亚,沈明霞,等.水稻播种质量检测技术的研究进展及展望[J].浙江农业学报,2010,22(2):253-257.LIANG Kun,LUO Hanya,SHEN Mingxia,et al. Review and prospect for the detection technology of paddy seeding quality[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis,2010,22(2)253-257.(in Chinese)
[7]赵立业,蹇兴东.排种性能检测传感器设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2005,36(7):41-43.ZHAO Liye,JIAN Xingdong. Study on optoelectronic sensor for performance detection of a seedmeter[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2005,36(7):41-43.(in Chinese)
[8]张锡志,李敏,孟臣.精密播种智能监测仪的研制[J].农业工程学报,2004,20(2):136-139.ZHANG Xizhi,LI Min,MENG Chen. Research and development of precision seeding intelligent monitor[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2004,20(2):136-139.(in Chinese)
[9]丁幼春,杨军强,朱凯,等.油菜精量排种器种子流传感装置设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(9):29-36.DING Youchun,YANG Junqiang,ZHU Kai,et al. Design and experiment on seed flow sensing device for rapeseed precision metering device[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2017,33(9):29-36.(in Chinese)
[10]史智兴,高焕文.排种监测传感器的试验研究[J].农业机械学报,2002,33(2):41-43.SHI Zhixing,GAO Huanwen. RLD optoelectronic sensor for seeding monitoring[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2002,33(2):41-43.(in Chinese)
[11]刘洪强.精密排种器性能检测装置的研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2006.
[12]郑送军.精密播种机排种器自动监测系统研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2007.
[13]宋鹏,张俊雄,李伟,等.精密播种机工作性能实时监测系统[J].农业机械学报,2011,42(2):71-74.SONG Peng,ZHANG Junxiong,LI Wei,et al. Real-time monitoring system for accuracy of precision seeder[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2011,42(2):71-74.(in Chinese)
[14]纪超,陈学庚,陈金成,等.玉米免耕精量播种机排种质量监测系统[J/OL].农业机械学报,2016,47(8):1-6.JI Chao,CHEN Xuegeng,CHEN Jincheng,et al. Monitoring system for working performance of no-tillage corn precision seeder[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(8):1-6. http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? flag=1&file_no=20160801&journal_id=jcsam. DOI:10. 6041/j. issn. 1000-1298. 2016. 08.001.(in Chinese)
[15] LAN Y,KOCHER M F,SMITH J A. Opto-electronic sensor system for laboratory measurement of planter seed spacing with small seeds[J]. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research,1999,72(2):119-127.
[16] SHIRINOV A V,SCHOMBURG W K. Pressure sensor from a PVDF film[J]. Sensors and Actuators A:Physical,2008,142(1):48-55.
[17]黄东岩,朱龙图,贾洪雷,等.基于压电薄膜的免耕播种机播种深度控制系统[J/OL].农业机械学报,2015,46(4):1-8.HUANG Dongyan,ZHU Longtu,JIA Honglei,et al. Automatic control system of seeding depth based on piezoelectric film for no-till planter[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(4):1-8. http:∥www. jcsam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? flag=1&file_no=20150401&journal_id=jcsam. DOI:10. 6041/j. issn.1000-1298. 2015. 04. 001.(in Chinese)
[18]胡建平,常航,杨丽红,等.自动移栽机整排取苗间隔投苗控制系统设计与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2018,49(6):78-84.HU Jianping,CHANG Hang,YANG Lihong,et al. Design and experiment of control system for automatic transplanter picking up and spacing casting whole row of seedlings[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(6):78-84. http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? flag=1&file_no=20180609&journal_id=jcsam. DOI:10. 6041/j. issn. 1000-1298. 2018. 06. 009.(in Chinese)
[19] SATU K,JUKKA L,HANNU K,et al. Development of a piezoelectric polymer film sensor for planter normal and shear stress measurements[J]. Sensors and Actuators A:Physical,2009,154(1):57-64.
[20]蔡睿妍. Arduino的原理及应用[J].电子设计工程,2012,20(16):155-157.CAI Ruiyan. Principle and application of Arduino[J]. Electronic Design Engineering,2012,20(16):155-157.(in Chinese)
[21]崔红光,王铁军,张本华,等.一种基于Zig Bee技术的水稻穴直播机播种监测系统设计与试验[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2017,48(1):101-107.CUI Hongguang,WANG Tiejun,ZHANG Benhua,et al. Design and experiment of a monitoring system for rice direct seeding based on Zig Bee technology[J]. Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University,2017,48(1):101-107.(in Chinese)
[22]可欣荣,罗锡文.一种有盲区的水稻精量穴直播机漏播检测装置设计[C]∥中国农业工程学会2011年学术年会,重庆,2011.
[23]田立权,唐汉,王金武,等.弹射式耳勺型水稻精量穴直播排种器设计与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2017,48(4):65-71.TIAN Liquan,TANG Han,WANG Jinwu,et al. Design and experiment of rebound dipper hill-drop precision direct seedmetering device for rice[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(4):65-71. http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? flag=1&file_no=20170408&journal_id=jcsam. DOI:10. 6041/j.issn. 1000-1298. 2017. 04. 008.(in Chinese)
[24] WANG Jinwu,LI Shuwei,ZHANG Zhao,et al. Design and experiment of electrical drive side deep hill-drop fertilization system for precision rice hill-direct-seeding machine[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2018,34(8):43-54.
[25]田立权.弹射式耳勺型水稻芽种播种装置机理分析与试验研究[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2017.
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