气吸式覆膜精量油菜播种机排种性能试验与优化设计
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摘要
针对目前高寒地油菜播种机普遍存在的重播漏播率高、人工劳动强度大、生长期缺水等问题,研究设计了一种气吸式精量播种机,一次性完成膜上播种、施肥、滴水灌溉、覆膜。分析了播种机主要结构、工作原理,对其关键部件进行结构设计,以排种盘转速、气吸室负压、排种盘型孔直径为试验因素,利用软件优化分析获得合理参数组合。结果表明:播种机排种盘转速197 r·min~(-1)、气吸室负压2.5 k Pa、排种盘型孔直径1.2 mm时,田间播种合格率为93%、重播率3%、漏播率1%,播种质量较好。田间试验表明上述参数组合下排种器工作性能满足油菜播种机工作性能要求,该研究为油菜精密播种机的研究和设计提供了理论和技术参数。
Due to high failure rate of rapeseed seeding,high labor intensity,water shortage during growth period,and needed reseeding in the cold and high elevation region,we tried to explore how to improve the rapeseed planting successful level. We designed a pneumatic precision seeder that could accomplish film seeding,fertilization,re-mulching,and drip irrigation in one-time. Based on the working principle of the main structure,seeder,and the structure design of the key parts,the disc rotational speed,suction pressure,chamber diameter of exhaust hole plate were evaluated as experiment factors. Then,a set of optimal parameters were selected by doing software optimization analysis. The results showed that a combination of parameters,197 r·min~(-1) of the seeding ratational speed,2.5 kPa of negative pressure suction chamber,and 1.2 mm of diameter of a row of seed holes resulted in significant improvement in a successful seeding rate of 93%,3% of reseeding rate,and only 1% of missing seeding rate. The field experiment showed that this combination of parameters reduced labor requirement to achieve high rapeseed seeder performance. This research provided theoretical and technical foundations for the research and design of precision seeder for rapeseed.
Due to high failure rate of rapeseed seeding,high labor intensity,water shortage during growth period,and needed reseeding in the cold and high elevation region,we tried to explore how to improve the rapeseed planting successful level. We designed a pneumatic precision seeder that could accomplish film seeding,fertilization,re-mulching,and drip irrigation in one-time. Based on the working principle of the main structure,seeder,and the structure design of the key parts,the disc rotational speed,suction pressure,chamber diameter of exhaust hole plate were evaluated as experiment factors. Then,a set of optimal parameters were selected by doing software optimization analysis. The results showed that a combination of parameters,197 r·min~(-1) of the seeding ratational speed,2.5 kPa of negative pressure suction chamber,and 1.2 mm of diameter of a row of seed holes resulted in significant improvement in a successful seeding rate of 93%,3% of reseeding rate,and only 1% of missing seeding rate. The field experiment showed that this combination of parameters reduced labor requirement to achieve high rapeseed seeder performance. This research provided theoretical and technical foundations for the research and design of precision seeder for rapeseed.
引文
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[15]李宣秋.磁吸滚筒精密播种器的设计与试验研究[D].镇江:江苏大学,2006.
[16]刘剑锋.气吸滚筒式烟草包衣种子排种器设计与研究[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2012.
[17]祁兵,张东兴,崔涛.中央集排气送式玉米精量排种器设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(18):8-15.
[18]雷小龙,廖宜涛,李兆东,等.油麦兼用型气送式集排器供种装置设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(20):10-18.
[19] Gaikwad B,Sirohi N P S. Design of a low-cost pneumaticseeder for nursery plug trays[J]. Biosystems Engineering,2008,99(3):322-329.
[20]周海波,马旭,姚亚利.水稻秧盘育秧播种技术与装备的研究现状及发展趋势[J].农业工程学报,2008,24(4):301-306.
[2]王汉中.我国油菜产业发展的历史回顾与展望[J].中国油料作物学报,2010,32(02):300-302.
[3]梁宝忠,赵明,魏忠,等.气吸式精密播种机国内外发展概况[J].农业机械,2009,(14):28-29.
[4]廖庆喜,张宁,张朋玲,等.一器多行离心式油菜排种器[J].农业机械学报,2012,43(02):48-51.
[5]郭玉明,张东光,郑德聪. 2BX系列谷子精少量播种机的开发与研制[J].农业技术与装备,2012,12:18-21.
[6]陈立东.气吸式排种器性能参数设计及其对排种质量影响的试验研究[D].大庆:黑龙江八一农垦大学,2006.
[7]张波屏.现代种植机械工程[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1997.
[8]中国农机研究所.实用机械设计手册[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1998.
[9]盛江源,齐红彬.吸盘真空室理论流场的确定[J].吉林农业大学学报,1990,12(3):89-92.
[10]赵湛.气吸振动式精密排种器理论及试验研究[D].镇江:江苏大学,2009.
[11]盛江源,高玉林.种子在吸孔气流作用下受力的数学模型及其试验研究[J].吉林农业大学学报,1989,11(1):77-83.
[12]李明,廖庆喜,廖宜涛,等.滚筒集排式油菜精量排种器排种过程分析[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(23):17-27.
[13]中国农业机械化科学研究院.GB/T6973-2005.单粒(精密)播种机试验方法[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2005.
[14]丛锦玲.油菜小麦兼用型气力式精量排种系统及其机理研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2014.
[15]李宣秋.磁吸滚筒精密播种器的设计与试验研究[D].镇江:江苏大学,2006.
[16]刘剑锋.气吸滚筒式烟草包衣种子排种器设计与研究[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2012.
[17]祁兵,张东兴,崔涛.中央集排气送式玉米精量排种器设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(18):8-15.
[18]雷小龙,廖宜涛,李兆东,等.油麦兼用型气送式集排器供种装置设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(20):10-18.
[19] Gaikwad B,Sirohi N P S. Design of a low-cost pneumaticseeder for nursery plug trays[J]. Biosystems Engineering,2008,99(3):322-329.
[20]周海波,马旭,姚亚利.水稻秧盘育秧播种技术与装备的研究现状及发展趋势[J].农业工程学报,2008,24(4):301-306.