沈阳一次严重污染天气过程持续和增强气象条件分析
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摘要
2015年11月7—9日沈阳出现罕见的持续严重污染天气,采用环流形势、地面常规气象观测、污染物浓度观测、风廓线雷达及雨滴谱资料等,对此次污染成因进行了研究.结果表明:在此次严重污染天气过程中,连续22 h AQI≥500,首要污染物均为PM_(2.5),其异常峰值最高达到1 308μg/m~3;ρ(PM_(2.5))与ρ(PM_(10))、ρ(NO_2)和ρ(CO)的相关系数分别达到0.996、0.602、0.891,并且ρ(PM_(2.5))与ρ(PM_(10))、ρ(CO)的正相关性更为显著;在污染的同时出现了降水,11月7和8日的日降水量分别为9.9和2.3 mm,但降水对污染物的稀释和清除作用并不明显.稳定的大尺度环流和对流层内中低层大气层结持续稳定、连续4个时次的探空曲线显示925~850 h Pa之间存在多个逆温层(逆温强度最大可达5℃)、相对湿度较大(日均相对湿度在75%以上),是此次严重污染天气持续的有利气象条件.风廓线雷达探测的整层大气垂直速度很小,多介于-1~1 m/s之间,并且近地面2 m/s以下弱下沉的垂直速度为严重污染天气过程提供了较好的动力条件.此外,近地面风力可达3~4级,有利于上游污染物的水平输送.研究显示,此次严重污染天气过程还与外围秸秆集中燃烧所导致的大量污染物长距离输送有密切关联.
A heavy continuous haze event that occurred from November 7~(th) to 9~(th),2015,in Shenyang area was comprehensively analyzed based on the environmental data including circulation pattern,meteorological observation data,pollutant concentrations,wind profiler and raindrop information. The results show that the AQI was more than 500 for 22 hours. PM_(2.5)was the primary pollutant,with the highest concentration reaching 1308 μg/m~3. The coefficient variables between PM_(2.5)and PM_(10),NO_2 and CO were 0. 996,0. 602 and 0. 891 respectively. The positive correlation of PM_(2.5)with PM_(10) and CO was significant. The daily precipitation on November 7thand 8thwere,respectively,9. 9 mm and 2. 3 mm,but the dilution and scavenging effects of precipitation were not obvious for pollutants in this haze event. Stable large-scale circulation and atmospheric stratification occurred in the middle and lower troposphere,while various inversion layers between 925 h Pa and 850 h Pa,displayed by four consecutive hours sounding curve(the maximum intensity of inversion could reach5 ℃) and high relative humidity(the mean daily relative humidity was more than 75%),were the advantageous meteorological conditions.The vertical velocities of the whole atmospheric layer according to wind profiler radar were between-1 to 1 m/s,which were very slow.Weak vertical velocity below 2 m/s near the ground provided excellent dynamic conditions during this heavy haze event. Near surface wind could reach level 3 to 4,which was advantageous to the transportation of the upstream pollutants. The long distancetransport of large amounts of pollutants caused by the burning of straws in Shenyang's periphery was probably related to this haze event.
A heavy continuous haze event that occurred from November 7~(th) to 9~(th),2015,in Shenyang area was comprehensively analyzed based on the environmental data including circulation pattern,meteorological observation data,pollutant concentrations,wind profiler and raindrop information. The results show that the AQI was more than 500 for 22 hours. PM_(2.5)was the primary pollutant,with the highest concentration reaching 1308 μg/m~3. The coefficient variables between PM_(2.5)and PM_(10),NO_2 and CO were 0. 996,0. 602 and 0. 891 respectively. The positive correlation of PM_(2.5)with PM_(10) and CO was significant. The daily precipitation on November 7thand 8thwere,respectively,9. 9 mm and 2. 3 mm,but the dilution and scavenging effects of precipitation were not obvious for pollutants in this haze event. Stable large-scale circulation and atmospheric stratification occurred in the middle and lower troposphere,while various inversion layers between 925 h Pa and 850 h Pa,displayed by four consecutive hours sounding curve(the maximum intensity of inversion could reach5 ℃) and high relative humidity(the mean daily relative humidity was more than 75%),were the advantageous meteorological conditions.The vertical velocities of the whole atmospheric layer according to wind profiler radar were between-1 to 1 m/s,which were very slow.Weak vertical velocity below 2 m/s near the ground provided excellent dynamic conditions during this heavy haze event. Near surface wind could reach level 3 to 4,which was advantageous to the transportation of the upstream pollutants. The long distancetransport of large amounts of pollutants caused by the burning of straws in Shenyang's periphery was probably related to this haze event.
引文
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[2]SCHICHTEL B A,HUSAR R B,FALKE S R,et al.Haze trends over the United States,1980-1995[J].Atmospheric Environment,2001,35:5205-5210.
[3]马雁军,刘宁微,王扬锋,等.2009年夏季沈阳一次大气灰霾污染过程及气象成因[J].安全与环境学报,2011,11(2):136-141.MA Yanjun,LIU Ningwei,WANG Yangfeng,et al.Analysis of pollution process of an atmospheric haze incident over Shenyang in summer of 2009 and its meteorological origin[J].Journal of Safety and Environment,2011,11(2):136-141.
[4]高岑,王体健,吴建军,等.2009年秋季南京地区一次持续性灰霾天气过程研究[J].气象科学,2012,32(3):246-252.GAO Cen,WANG Tijian,WU Jianjun,et al.Study on a continuous haze weather event during autumn of 2009 in Nanjing[J].Journal of the Meteorological Sciences,2012,32(3):246-252.
[5]饶晓琴,李峰,周宁芳,等.我国中东部一次大范围霾天气的分析[J].气象,2008,34(6):89-96.RAO Xiaoqin,LI Feng,ZHOU Ningfang,et al.Analysis of a largescale haze over middle and eastern China[J].Meteorological Monthly,2008,34(6):89-96.
[6]MALM W C,GEBHART K A,MOLENAR T J,et al.Examining the relationship between atmospheric aerosols and light extinction at Mount Rainier and North Cascades National Parks[J].Atmospheric Environment,1994,28(2):347-360.
[7]魏文秀.河北省霾时空分布特征分析[J].气象,2010,36(3):77-82.WEI Wenxiu.Spatial-temporal characteristics of haze in Hebei Province[J].Meteorological Monthly,2010,36(3):77-82.
[8]廖晓农,张小玲,王迎春,等.北京地区冬夏季持续性雾-霾发生的环境气象条件对比分析[J].环境科学,2014,35(6):2031-2044.LIAO Xiaonong,ZHANG Xiaoling,WANG Yingchun,et al.Comparative analysis on meteorological condition for persistent haze cases in summer and winter in Beijing[J].Environmental Science,2014,35(6):2031-2044.
[9]刘梅,严文莲,张备,等.2013年1月江苏雾霾天气持续和增强机制分析[J].气象,2014,40(7):835-843.LIU Mei,YAN Wenlian,ZHANG Bei,et al.Analysis on persistence and intensification mechanism of fog and haze in Jiangsu in January2013[J].Meteorological Monthly,2014,40(7):835-843.
[10]唐娴,王喜全,洪也,等.辽宁中部城市群一次灰霾天气过程的外来影响程度研究[J].环境科学学报,2014,34(6):1541-1550.TANG Xian,WANG Xiquan,HONG Ye,et al.A case study of regional contributions to the air quality in city clusters in Central Liaoning during a haze episode[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2014,34(6):1541-1550.
[11]于兴娜,李新妹,登增然登,等.北京雾霾天气期间气溶胶光学特性[J].环境科学,2012,33(4):1057-1062.YU Xingna,LI Xinmei,DENG Zengrandeng,et al.Optical properties of aerosol during haze-Fog episodes in Beijing[J].Environmental Science,2012,33(4):1057-1062.
[12]付桂琴,张迎新,谷永利,等.河北省霾日变化及成因[J].气象与环境学报,2014,30(1):51-56.FU Guiqin,ZHANG Yingxin,GU Yongli,et al.Change of haze day and its forming reason in Hebei province[J].Journal of Meteorology and Environment,2014,30(1):51-56.
[13]CHUNG Y S,KIM H S,YOON M B.Observations of visibility and chemical compositions related to fog,mist and haze in South Korea[J].Water Air&Soil Pollution,1999,111(4):139-157.
[14]刘端阳,张靖,吴序鹏,等.淮安一次雾霾过程的污染物变化特征及来源分析[J].大气科学学报,2014,37(4):484-492.LIU Duanyang,ZHANG Jing,WU Xupeng,et al.Characteristics and sources of atmospheric pollutants during a fog-haze process in Huai'an[J].Transactions of Atmospheric Sciences,2014,37(4):484-492.
[15]马志强,赵秀娟,孟伟,等.雾和霾对北京地区大气能见度影响对比分析[J].环境科学研究,2012,25(11):1208-1214.MA Zhiqiang,ZHAO Xiujuan,MENG Wei,et al.Comparison of influence of fog and haze on visibility in Beijing[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2012,25(11):1208-1214.
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[17]王丛梅,杨永胜,李永占,等.2013年1月河北省中南部严重污染的气象条件及成因分析[J].环境科学研究,2013,26(7):695-702.WANG Congmei,YANG Yongsheng,LI Yongzhan,et al.Analysis on the meteorological condition and formation mechanism of serious pollution in South Hebei province in January 2013[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2013,26(7):695-702.
[18]张小玲,唐宜西,熊亚军,等.华北平原一次严重区域雾霾天气分析与数值预报试验[J].中国科学院研究生院学报,2014,31(3):337-344.ZHANG Xiaoling,TANG Yixi,XIONG Yajun,et al.Analysis and numerical forecast of a regional for-haze in North China Plain[J].Journal of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2014,31(3):337-344.
[19]陈静,钤伟妙,韩军彩,等.石家庄市秋季典型天气背景下重污染特征分析[J].气象与环境学报,2015,31(4):42-50.CHEN Jing,QIAN Weimiao,HAN Juncai,et al.Pollution characteristic under typical weather background in autumn over Shijiazhuang[J].Journal of Meteorology and Environment,2015,31(4):42-50.
[20]宗志平,马杰,张恒德,等.近几十年来冻雨时空分布特征分析[J].气象,2013,39(7):813-820.ZONG Zhiping,MA Jie,ZHANG Hengde,et al.Analysis on the spatial-temporal characteristics of freezing rain in recent decades[J].Meteorological Monthly,2013,39(7):813-820.
[21]刘淑媛,郑永光,陶祖钰.利用风廓线雷达资料分析低空急流的脉动与暴雨关系[J].热带气象学报,2003,19(3):285-290.LIU Shuyuan,ZHENG Yongguang,TAO Zuyu.The analysis of the relationship between pulse of LLJ and heavy rain using wind profiler data[J].Journal of Tropical Meteorology,2003,19(3):285-290.
[22]阮征,何平,葛润生.风廓线雷达对大气折射率结构常数的探测研究[J].大气科学,2008,32(1):133-140.RUAN Zheng,HE Ping,GE Runsheng.Determination of refractive index structure constant with wind profile radar data[J].Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences,2008,32(1):133-140.
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