佛山致灾雷暴大风环境背景和雷达回波特征分析
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摘要
利用常规观测、区域自动站、多普勒雷达等资料,统计佛山近10年来雷暴大风灾害并对其发生的环境背景及雷达回波特征进行分析。结果表明:致灾雷暴大风多发在前汛期,占总数的70%;以5月最多,10月到次年2月没有雷暴大风灾害。致灾雷暴大风环流背景主要有锋面低槽型和暖区对流型。大风灾害对应温湿探空曲线"上干下湿",湿层较薄,中层存在明显干层,垂直风切变较大;雷击灾害对应对流不稳定能量更大,垂直风切变较小。飑线、弓形回波、带状回波、孤立单体等对流风暴是致灾雷暴大风的主要回波形态,速度图上表现为速度大值区、中气旋(中涡旋)、低层强烈辐散等特征。
Based on conventional observations and data from automatic weather stations and Doppler radars from 2007 to 2017,the environmental conditions and radar echoes of damage-inflicting thunderstorms in Foshan are studied. The results show that the damage-inflicting thunderstorms mainly occurred in the annually first rainy season( April to June),accounting for 70% of the total. Among them May is the peak. No such thunderstorms were recorded during October to February. The weather backgrounds mainly consisted of two types,one being the frontal trough and the other the warm-sector convection. Gale disasters corresponded to a sounding profile that was wet and shallow in the low level and dry in the upper level,with a significant dry layer in middle level and a strong vertical shear. Lightning disasters corresponded to high convective instability energy and weak vertical shear. The main echo patterns of damage-inflicting thunderstorms were squall,bow echo,belt echo,and supercell,which were shown on the radar velocity chart as high velocity value ranges,mesocyclones and strong divergence in the low level.
Based on conventional observations and data from automatic weather stations and Doppler radars from 2007 to 2017,the environmental conditions and radar echoes of damage-inflicting thunderstorms in Foshan are studied. The results show that the damage-inflicting thunderstorms mainly occurred in the annually first rainy season( April to June),accounting for 70% of the total. Among them May is the peak. No such thunderstorms were recorded during October to February. The weather backgrounds mainly consisted of two types,one being the frontal trough and the other the warm-sector convection. Gale disasters corresponded to a sounding profile that was wet and shallow in the low level and dry in the upper level,with a significant dry layer in middle level and a strong vertical shear. Lightning disasters corresponded to high convective instability energy and weak vertical shear. The main echo patterns of damage-inflicting thunderstorms were squall,bow echo,belt echo,and supercell,which were shown on the radar velocity chart as high velocity value ranges,mesocyclones and strong divergence in the low level.
引文
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[2]林良勋,冯业荣,黄忠,等.广东省天气预报技术手册[M].北京:气象出版社,2006:202-224.
[3]俞小鼎,周小刚,王秀明.雷暴与强对流临近天气预报技术进展[J].气象学报,2012,70(3):311-337.
[4]谌志刚,张维,王婷,等.“2010. 5. 22-23”广东强对流过程综合分析[J].广东气象,2011,33(4):12-15.
[5]曹亚平,赵小伟,林中庆,等.“11. 04. 17”南沙区一次罕见强对流天气过程分析[J].广东气象,2012,34(4):18-21.
[6]詹棠,宗淼,郑浩阳. 2013年5月21日广东沿海一次飑线过程的综合分析[J].广东气象,2015,37(6):19-22.
[7]植江玲,麦雪狐,黄先香.广东一次飑线大风的成因和预警分析[J].广东气象,2017,39(3):11-16.
[8]罗碧瑜,贺汉清. 3. 22飑线在多普勒天气雷达产品中的特征[J].广东气象,2007,29(1):34-38.
[9]林雪仪,侯中阳.江门地区雷雨大风天气的气候特征分析[J].广东气象,2015,37(2):41-44.
[10]郑永光,周康辉,盛杰,等.强对流天气监测预报预警技术进展[J].应用气象学报,2015,26(6):641-657.
[11]庞古乾,伍志方,郭春迓,等.广东省前汛期分区强对流潜势预报方法研究[J].热带气象学报,2016,32(2):265-272.