探空温度观测与ERA-interim再分析资料的对比分析
|
摘要
在观测资料同化系统中,探空资料是重要的资料之一。为了解探空温度观测资料的误差特征、合理使用观测,选用欧洲中心再分析场为参照场,针对从国家气象信息中心资料库中检索到的探空资料,按着仪器类型和太阳高度角统计探空温度观测资料的平均偏差和均方差。统计时段分别为夏季(2014年6—8月)和冬季(2014年12月—2015年2月)两个季节。统计结果显示,检索到的全球探空站总数约有680个,使用的探空仪共有三十多种(有仪器标识)。其中约275个探空站使用Vaisala系列探空仪,90个探空站使用中国上海生产的探空仪,约80个探空站使用美国生产的探空仪。不同类型的探空仪器在不同太阳高度角,探空温度观测相对欧洲中心再分析场的偏差差别很大。而有些探空仪器无论是平均偏差(一般低于0.5℃),还是均方差都较小,且随太阳高度角变化不大;有些探空仪器探测温度偏差较大(在高层绝对值大于2℃)。
The quality of the radiosonde temperatures are related to the instrument type and the solar altitude. Radiosonde temperatures are an important data source for assimilation system. In order to describe the representative error of the radiosonde temperatures and carry out the bias correction for radiosonde temperatures, the innovation statistics from the ECMWF re-analysis(ERA interim) are examined. The innovation statistical periods are summer(June to August 2014) and winter(December 2014 to February2015). It is demonstrated that there are about 680 radiosonde stations every day. There are about thirty instrument types with about 275 stations using the Vaisala series instrument, 90 stations using the Shanghai radiosonde and about 80 stations using the Sippican MK2 GPS/STAR(USA). The innovation statistics indicate that different instrument type and different solar angle differ greatly. Some instrument types have small bias(less than 0.5 ℃) while others have big deviation. For example, the Meteorit MARZ2-2's and the Nanjing GTS1-2/GFE's temperature bias absolute values are greater than 2 ℃ in the high level, but they need to be put through bias correction.
The quality of the radiosonde temperatures are related to the instrument type and the solar altitude. Radiosonde temperatures are an important data source for assimilation system. In order to describe the representative error of the radiosonde temperatures and carry out the bias correction for radiosonde temperatures, the innovation statistics from the ECMWF re-analysis(ERA interim) are examined. The innovation statistical periods are summer(June to August 2014) and winter(December 2014 to February2015). It is demonstrated that there are about 680 radiosonde stations every day. There are about thirty instrument types with about 275 stations using the Vaisala series instrument, 90 stations using the Shanghai radiosonde and about 80 stations using the Sippican MK2 GPS/STAR(USA). The innovation statistics indicate that different instrument type and different solar angle differ greatly. Some instrument types have small bias(less than 0.5 ℃) while others have big deviation. For example, the Meteorit MARZ2-2's and the Nanjing GTS1-2/GFE's temperature bias absolute values are greater than 2 ℃ in the high level, but they need to be put through bias correction.
引文
[1] SHERWOOD S C, LANZANTE J, MEYER C. Radiosonde daytime biases and late-20th century warming[J]. Science, 2005, 309(5 740):1 556-1 559.
[2] SHERWOOD S C. Simultaneous detection of climate change and observing biases in a network with incomplete sampling[J]. J Clim,2007, 20(15):4 047-4 062.
[3] HAIMBERGER L, TAVOLATO C, SPERKA S. Toward elimination of the warm bias in historic radiosonde temperature records somenew results from a comprehensive intercomparison of upper-air data[J]. J Clim, 2008, 21(18):4 587-4 606.
[4] WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION. Manual on codes international codes Volume I.1(Annex II to WMO technicalregulations)part a-alphanumeric codes WMO-No. 306[M]. 2010:398-402
[5] LUERS J K. Estimating the temperature error of the radiosonde rod thermistor under different environments[J]. J Atmos Oceanic Technol,1990, 7(6):882-895.
[6] LUERS J K. Temperature error of the Vaisala RS90 radiosonde[J]. J Atmos Oceanic Technol,1997, 14(6):1 520-1 532.
[7]李峰,李柏,吴蕾,等. WMO第八届阳江国际探空比对辅助遥感综合试验[J].地球科学进展, 2012, 27(8):916-924.
[8]赵佳莹,徐海明.中国区域探空资料与再分析资料风速场的对比分析[J].气候与环境研究,2014, 19(5):587-600.
[9]唐南军,刘艳,李刚,等.中低空探空相对湿度观测数据的新问题-基于中国L波段探空系统湿度观测机场偏干现象的初步分析[J].热带气象学报,2014, 30(4):643-653.
[10]郭艳君,张思齐,颜京辉,等.中国探空观测与多套再分析资料气温序列的对比研究[J].气象学报, 2016,74(2):271-284.
[11]《大气科学辞典》编委会.大气科学辞典[M].北京:气象出版社,1994:606.
[12]中国气象局.常规高空气象探测规范[Z].北京:气象出版社,2002:2.
[13]马旭林,姜胜,于月明,等.COSMIC掩星反演大气温湿资料的质量特征分析[J].大气科学学报,2017, 40(6):841-849.
[14]陈辰,韦志刚,董文杰,等.珠海凤凰山陆气相互作用观测塔通量数据的质量控制与评价[J].热带气象学报,2018,34(4):561-569.
[15]张颖超,姚润进,熊雄.一种基于PSO-MEF的地面气温观测资料的质量控制方法[J].热带气象学报,2017,33(2):273-280.
[2] SHERWOOD S C. Simultaneous detection of climate change and observing biases in a network with incomplete sampling[J]. J Clim,2007, 20(15):4 047-4 062.
[3] HAIMBERGER L, TAVOLATO C, SPERKA S. Toward elimination of the warm bias in historic radiosonde temperature records somenew results from a comprehensive intercomparison of upper-air data[J]. J Clim, 2008, 21(18):4 587-4 606.
[4] WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION. Manual on codes international codes Volume I.1(Annex II to WMO technicalregulations)part a-alphanumeric codes WMO-No. 306[M]. 2010:398-402
[5] LUERS J K. Estimating the temperature error of the radiosonde rod thermistor under different environments[J]. J Atmos Oceanic Technol,1990, 7(6):882-895.
[6] LUERS J K. Temperature error of the Vaisala RS90 radiosonde[J]. J Atmos Oceanic Technol,1997, 14(6):1 520-1 532.
[7]李峰,李柏,吴蕾,等. WMO第八届阳江国际探空比对辅助遥感综合试验[J].地球科学进展, 2012, 27(8):916-924.
[8]赵佳莹,徐海明.中国区域探空资料与再分析资料风速场的对比分析[J].气候与环境研究,2014, 19(5):587-600.
[9]唐南军,刘艳,李刚,等.中低空探空相对湿度观测数据的新问题-基于中国L波段探空系统湿度观测机场偏干现象的初步分析[J].热带气象学报,2014, 30(4):643-653.
[10]郭艳君,张思齐,颜京辉,等.中国探空观测与多套再分析资料气温序列的对比研究[J].气象学报, 2016,74(2):271-284.
[11]《大气科学辞典》编委会.大气科学辞典[M].北京:气象出版社,1994:606.
[12]中国气象局.常规高空气象探测规范[Z].北京:气象出版社,2002:2.
[13]马旭林,姜胜,于月明,等.COSMIC掩星反演大气温湿资料的质量特征分析[J].大气科学学报,2017, 40(6):841-849.
[14]陈辰,韦志刚,董文杰,等.珠海凤凰山陆气相互作用观测塔通量数据的质量控制与评价[J].热带气象学报,2018,34(4):561-569.
[15]张颖超,姚润进,熊雄.一种基于PSO-MEF的地面气温观测资料的质量控制方法[J].热带气象学报,2017,33(2):273-280.