阶段性干旱胁迫对小麦光合生理特性及产量结构的影响
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摘要
在人工遮雨的条件下,采用盆栽的种植方式探究"皖麦68"营养生长期(返青期—开花期)及生殖生长期(开花期—成熟期)轻度干旱胁迫(土壤相对含水量为55%±5%)及复水(土壤相对含水量为70%±5%)对其光合生理特性及产量结构的影响。结果表明:返青期至成熟期充分供水(CK)的小麦旗叶光合参数和产量最高。开花至成熟期复水(DN)的小麦叶片在复水后光合能力迅速恢复,表现出了超补偿效应:光合速率(16.43μmol/(m~2·s))甚至超过了CK(15.01μmol/(m~2·s));采用非直角双曲线模型拟合小麦旗叶的光响应曲线,其中DN的曲角θ最大;DN产量较CK略有降低但千粒重为34.51 g,高于CK(34.44 g)。开花至成熟期轻度干旱(ND)及全生育期轻度干旱(DD)的小麦光合特征参数与产量均显著降低。DD产量最低、品质最差,但其收获指数I_H高于CK、仅次于DN。在小麦返青期—开花期进行水分管理适量减少灌溉,开花期—成熟期复水能够提升籽粒的干物质积累量,获得较高的产量及品质。
Under the condition of artificial rain shelter,the effects of mild drought stress(soil relative water content is 55% ±5%),re-water(soil relative water content is 70% ± 5%)on photosynthesis and yield structure of wheat during vegetative growth(greening period-flowering period)and reproductive growth(flowering stage-maturity)were investigated using the potted planting method.The photosynthetic parameters and yield of wheat flag leaves with sufficient water supply(CK)from turning green stage to the mature stage were the highest.The photosynthesis ability of wheat leaves that bloomed to mature(DN)recovered rapidly after rehydration,presented an over-compensation effect.Specifically,the photosynthetic rate(16.43μmol/(m~2·s))even exceeded that of CK(15.01μmol/(m~2·s)).DN had the largest curved angleθusing the light response curve of wheat flag leaves fitted by non-orthogonal hyperbolic model.Although the yield for DN was slightly lower than that for CK,the 1 000-grain weight reached 34.51 g,which was higher than that for CK(34.44 g).The photosynthesis parameters and yield of wheat in mild drought(DD)and flowering to mild drought(ND)significantly decreased.In DD it had the lowest yield and the worst quality,but its harvest index was higher than in CK,next only to in DN.During the wheat-greening-flowering period,water management should be carried out to reduce irrigation,and flowering-mature rehydration can increase the dry matter accumulation of the grain,to obtain higher yield and quality.
Under the condition of artificial rain shelter,the effects of mild drought stress(soil relative water content is 55% ±5%),re-water(soil relative water content is 70% ± 5%)on photosynthesis and yield structure of wheat during vegetative growth(greening period-flowering period)and reproductive growth(flowering stage-maturity)were investigated using the potted planting method.The photosynthetic parameters and yield of wheat flag leaves with sufficient water supply(CK)from turning green stage to the mature stage were the highest.The photosynthesis ability of wheat leaves that bloomed to mature(DN)recovered rapidly after rehydration,presented an over-compensation effect.Specifically,the photosynthetic rate(16.43μmol/(m~2·s))even exceeded that of CK(15.01μmol/(m~2·s)).DN had the largest curved angleθusing the light response curve of wheat flag leaves fitted by non-orthogonal hyperbolic model.Although the yield for DN was slightly lower than that for CK,the 1 000-grain weight reached 34.51 g,which was higher than that for CK(34.44 g).The photosynthesis parameters and yield of wheat in mild drought(DD)and flowering to mild drought(ND)significantly decreased.In DD it had the lowest yield and the worst quality,but its harvest index was higher than in CK,next only to in DN.During the wheat-greening-flowering period,water management should be carried out to reduce irrigation,and flowering-mature rehydration can increase the dry matter accumulation of the grain,to obtain higher yield and quality.
引文
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李彦彬,朱亚南,李道西,等.2018.阶段干旱及复水对小麦生长发育、光合和产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,37(8):76-82.Li YB,Zhu Y N,Li D X,et al.2018.Effects of alternating drought and watering on growth,photosynthesis and yield of winter wheat[J].J Irrig Drain,37(8):76-82.(in Chinese)
马富举,李丹丹,蔡剑,等.2012.干旱胁迫对小麦幼苗根系生长和叶片光合作用的影响[J].应用生态学报,23(3):724-730.Ma FJ,Li D D,Cai J,et al.2012.Responses of wheat seedlings root growth and leaf photosynthesis to drought stress[J].Chin J Appl Ecol,23(3):724-730.(in Chinese)
孟兆江,段爱旺,高阳,等.2016.调亏灌溉对冬小麦氮、磷、钾养分吸收与利用的影响[J].农业机械学报,47(12):203-212.Meng ZJ,Duan A W,Gao Y,et al.2016.Effect of regulated deficit irrigation on uptake and utilization of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium for winter wheat[J].T Chin Soc Agric Mach,47(12):203-212.(in Chinese)
Thornley J H M.1976.Mathematical models in plant physiology[M].London:Academic Press:86-110.
王小林,纪晓玲,张盼盼,等.2018.黄土高原旱地谷子品种地上器官干物质分配与产量形成相关性分析[J].作物杂志,188(5):150-155.Wang X L,Ji X L,Zhang P P,et al.2018.Correlation analysis between aboveground biomass allocation and grain yield in different varieties of foxtail millet in the dry land of loess plateau[J].Crops,188(5):150-155.(in Chinese)
吴芳蓉,陈少勇,康景芬,等.2017.我国南方夏季降水异常和旱涝特征分析[J].气象与减灾研究,40(2):92-99.Wu F R,Chen SY,Kang J F,et al.2017.Analysis on summer precipitation anomalies and drought-flood in southern China[J].Meteor Disaster Reduction Res,40(2):92-99.(in Chinese)
徐慧,汪权方,李家永,等.2017.1980年以来中国大宗作物空间格局变化分析[J].长江流域资源与环境,26(1):55-66.Xu H,Wang Q F,Li J Y,et al.2017.Variation of staple cropsspatial pattern in China since 1980a[J].Resour Environ Yangtze Basin,26(1):55-66.(in Chinese)
张姣,吴奇,周宇飞,等.2018.苗期和灌浆期干旱-复水对高粱光合特性和物质生产的影响[J].作物杂志,188(3):48-154.Zhang J,Wu Q,Zhou Y F,et al.2018.Effects of drought and re-watering at seedling and filling stages on photosynthetic characteristics and dry matter production of sorghum[J].Crops,188(3):148-154.(in Chinese)
张利平,陈小凤,赵志鹏,等.2008.气候变化对水文水资源影响的研究进展[J].地理科学进展,27(3):60-67.Zhang L P,Chen XF,Zhao Z P,et al.2008.Progress in study of climate change impacts on hydrology and water resources[J].Prog Geogr,27(3):60-67.(in Chinese)
Zhang X Y,Wang Y Z,Sun H Y,et al.2013.Optimizing the yield of winter wheat by regulating water consumption during vegetative and reproductive stages under limited water supply[J].Irrigation Science,31(5):1103-1112.
周得宝,吴兰云,董召荣,等.2016.皖麦68特征特性与高产栽培技术规程[J].现代农业科技,(11):42,48.Zhou D B,Wu L Y,Dong S R,et al.2016.Characteristics and high-yield cultivation techniques of buckwheat 68[J].Mod Agric Sci Technol,(11):42,48.(in Chinese)
Chalmers D J,Van Den Eede B.1975.Productivity of peach trees:factors affecting dry-weight distribution during tree growth[J].Annals Bota,39(3):423-432.
Cui N B,Du T S,Kang S H,et al.2008.Regulated deficit irrigation improved fruit quality and water use efficiency of pear-jujube trees[J].Agricul Water Manage,95(4):489-497.
Garg B K,Kathju S,Burman U.2001.Influence of water stress on water relations,photosynthetic parameters and nitrogen metabolism of moth bean genotypes[J].Biologia Plant,44(2):289-292.
郝立生,吴雁,王荣英.2007.海河低平原春季气候变化对冬小麦产量的影响[J].气象与减灾研究,30(4):20-24.Hao L S,Wu Y,Wang R Y.2007.Impact of spring climate change on wheat yield in lower Haihe Plain[J].Meteor Disaster Reduction Res,30(4):20-24.(in Chinese)
郝树荣,郭相平,王文娟.2010.不同时期水分胁迫对玉米生长的后效性影响[J].农业工程学报,26(7):71-75.Hao S R,Guo XP,Wang W J.2010.Aftereffects of water stress on corn growth at different stages[J].Trans CSAE,26(7):71-75.(in Chinese)
郝树荣,郭相平,张展羽.2009.作物干旱胁迫及复水的补偿效应研究进展[J].水利水电科技进展,29(1):81-84.Hao S R,Guo X P,Zhang Z Y.2009.Research progress on compensatory effects of crops in drought stress and rehydration[J].Adv Sci Technol Water Res,29(1):81-84.(in Chinese)
蒋跃林,岳伟,张庆国,等.2005.大气CO2浓度对大豆光能利用率和水分利用效率的影响[J].耕作与栽培,25(2):2-3,37.Jiang YL,Yue W,Zhang Q G,et al.2005.Effects of elevated atmospheric CO2concentration on solar energy utilization and water use efficiency of soybean[J].Tillage Cultivation,25(2):2-3,37.(in Chinese)
贾鑫,孙窗舒,李光跃,等.2018.干旱胁迫对蒙古黄芪生长和生理生化指标及其黄芪甲苷积累的影响[J].西北植物学报,38(3):501-509.Jia X,Sun C S,Li G Y,et al.2018.Effect of drought stress on the growth and physiological characteristics and the accumulation of astragaloside IV secondary metabolites of astragalus membranaceus(Fisch.)var.mongholicus(Bge.)hsiao[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,38(3):501-509.(in Chinese)
Kimball B A,朱建国,程磊,等.2002.开放系统中农作物对空气CO2浓度增加的响应[J].应用生态学报,13(10):1323-1338.Kimball B A,Zhu J G,Cheng L,et al.2002.Responses of agricultural crops to free-air CO2enrichment[J].Chin J Appl Ecol,13(10):1323-1338.(in Chinese)
刘丽平,欧阳竹,武兰芳,等.2012.阶段性干旱及复水对小麦光合特性和产量的影响[J].生态学杂志,31(11):2797-2803.Liu LP,Ou Y Z,Wu L F,et al.2012.Effects of phased drought and re-watering on the photosynthetic characteristics and grain yield of winter wheat[J].Chin J Ecol,31(11):2797-2803.(in Chinese)
刘宇锋,萧浪涛,童建华,等.2005.非直线双曲线模型在光合光响应曲线数据分析中的应用[J].中国农学通报,21(8):76-76.Liu Y F,Xiao L T,Dong J H,et al.2005.Primary application on the non-rectangular hyperbola model for photosynthetic lightresponse curve[J].Chin Agric Bull,21(8):76-79.(in Chinese)
李彦彬,朱亚南,李道西,等.2018.阶段干旱及复水对小麦生长发育、光合和产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,37(8):76-82.Li YB,Zhu Y N,Li D X,et al.2018.Effects of alternating drought and watering on growth,photosynthesis and yield of winter wheat[J].J Irrig Drain,37(8):76-82.(in Chinese)
马富举,李丹丹,蔡剑,等.2012.干旱胁迫对小麦幼苗根系生长和叶片光合作用的影响[J].应用生态学报,23(3):724-730.Ma FJ,Li D D,Cai J,et al.2012.Responses of wheat seedlings root growth and leaf photosynthesis to drought stress[J].Chin J Appl Ecol,23(3):724-730.(in Chinese)
孟兆江,段爱旺,高阳,等.2016.调亏灌溉对冬小麦氮、磷、钾养分吸收与利用的影响[J].农业机械学报,47(12):203-212.Meng ZJ,Duan A W,Gao Y,et al.2016.Effect of regulated deficit irrigation on uptake and utilization of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium for winter wheat[J].T Chin Soc Agric Mach,47(12):203-212.(in Chinese)
Thornley J H M.1976.Mathematical models in plant physiology[M].London:Academic Press:86-110.
王小林,纪晓玲,张盼盼,等.2018.黄土高原旱地谷子品种地上器官干物质分配与产量形成相关性分析[J].作物杂志,188(5):150-155.Wang X L,Ji X L,Zhang P P,et al.2018.Correlation analysis between aboveground biomass allocation and grain yield in different varieties of foxtail millet in the dry land of loess plateau[J].Crops,188(5):150-155.(in Chinese)
吴芳蓉,陈少勇,康景芬,等.2017.我国南方夏季降水异常和旱涝特征分析[J].气象与减灾研究,40(2):92-99.Wu F R,Chen SY,Kang J F,et al.2017.Analysis on summer precipitation anomalies and drought-flood in southern China[J].Meteor Disaster Reduction Res,40(2):92-99.(in Chinese)
徐慧,汪权方,李家永,等.2017.1980年以来中国大宗作物空间格局变化分析[J].长江流域资源与环境,26(1):55-66.Xu H,Wang Q F,Li J Y,et al.2017.Variation of staple cropsspatial pattern in China since 1980a[J].Resour Environ Yangtze Basin,26(1):55-66.(in Chinese)
张姣,吴奇,周宇飞,等.2018.苗期和灌浆期干旱-复水对高粱光合特性和物质生产的影响[J].作物杂志,188(3):48-154.Zhang J,Wu Q,Zhou Y F,et al.2018.Effects of drought and re-watering at seedling and filling stages on photosynthetic characteristics and dry matter production of sorghum[J].Crops,188(3):148-154.(in Chinese)
张利平,陈小凤,赵志鹏,等.2008.气候变化对水文水资源影响的研究进展[J].地理科学进展,27(3):60-67.Zhang L P,Chen XF,Zhao Z P,et al.2008.Progress in study of climate change impacts on hydrology and water resources[J].Prog Geogr,27(3):60-67.(in Chinese)
Zhang X Y,Wang Y Z,Sun H Y,et al.2013.Optimizing the yield of winter wheat by regulating water consumption during vegetative and reproductive stages under limited water supply[J].Irrigation Science,31(5):1103-1112.
周得宝,吴兰云,董召荣,等.2016.皖麦68特征特性与高产栽培技术规程[J].现代农业科技,(11):42,48.Zhou D B,Wu L Y,Dong S R,et al.2016.Characteristics and high-yield cultivation techniques of buckwheat 68[J].Mod Agric Sci Technol,(11):42,48.(in Chinese)