基于PSR模型的上海地区河网脆弱性探讨
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摘要
将脆弱性概念与河网系统结合,选取典型河网地区上海为研究区域,基于PSR模型构建了包含人为活动和河网环境13项指标的河网脆弱性评价方法,尝试探讨区域河网脆弱性特征及其驱动机制.研究结果显示:①城市化造成了上海不同区域间水系特征差别明显,浦东和青浦地区河网密布,中心城区河网稀疏;②上海河网总体脆弱性程度一般,极度和重度脆弱性区域集中在中心城区和郊区的主城区,面积共占全市面积的24.64%,中度和轻度脆弱区域面积分别占22.71%和31.93%;③河网脆弱性存在空间聚集现象,空间异质性明显,分布模式仅有"高高"和"低低"聚集;④4种土地利用方式与河网脆弱性变化都具有较显著的相关性,建设用地是导致河网脆弱性变化的主要驱动因素.
This paper combines the concept of vulnerability with a study of river network systems. Shanghai, a typical river network area, is selected as the research area. Based on the PSR model, river network vulnerability is evaluated using 13 indicators for human activity and the river network environment; the aim of this study was to explore vulnerability characteristics and driving mechanisms for regional river networks. The results show that:① Urbanization has caused distinct differences in water system characteristics between Shanghai's regions. The river networks in Pudong and Qingpu are densely distributed, but sparse in the central urban area. ② The overall river network vulnerability in Shanghai is intermediate. Extreme and severe vulnerability areas, accounting for 24.64% of the city's total area, are concentrated in the central urban area and the main urban areas of suburbs.The moderate and mild vulnerability areas account for 22.71% and 31.93%, respectively.③River network vulnerability features spatial clustering with clear heterogeneity; distribution patterns typically show only "high" or "low" aggregation.④ There is significant correlation between the four land use patterns and river network vulnerability, and construction is the main driving factor driving changes in river network vulnerability.
This paper combines the concept of vulnerability with a study of river network systems. Shanghai, a typical river network area, is selected as the research area. Based on the PSR model, river network vulnerability is evaluated using 13 indicators for human activity and the river network environment; the aim of this study was to explore vulnerability characteristics and driving mechanisms for regional river networks. The results show that:① Urbanization has caused distinct differences in water system characteristics between Shanghai's regions. The river networks in Pudong and Qingpu are densely distributed, but sparse in the central urban area. ② The overall river network vulnerability in Shanghai is intermediate. Extreme and severe vulnerability areas, accounting for 24.64% of the city's total area, are concentrated in the central urban area and the main urban areas of suburbs.The moderate and mild vulnerability areas account for 22.71% and 31.93%, respectively.③River network vulnerability features spatial clustering with clear heterogeneity; distribution patterns typically show only "high" or "low" aggregation.④ There is significant correlation between the four land use patterns and river network vulnerability, and construction is the main driving factor driving changes in river network vulnerability.
引文
[1]杨凯.平原河网地区水系结构特征及城市化响应研究[D].上海:华东师范大学,2006.
[2]金妍.江南水乡河网水系结构变迁及空间分区保护研究[D].上海:华东师范大学,2013.
[3]汪冬冬.上海城市河流滨岸带生态系统退化评价研究[D].上海:华东师范大学,2010.
[4]CHE Y, LI W, SHANG Z, et al. Residential preferences for river network improvement:an exploration of choice experiments in Zhujiajiao, Shanghai, China[J]. Environmental Management, 2014, 54(3):517-530.
[5]李鹤,张平宇,程叶青.脆弱性的概念及其评价方法[J].地理科学进展,2008, 27(2):18-25.
[6]沈珍瑶,杨志峰,曹瑜.环境脆弱性研究述评[J].地质科技情报,2003, 22(3):91-94.
[7] LANGE H J D, SALA S, VIGHI M, et al. Ecological vulnerability in risk assessment-a review and perspectives[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2010, 408(18):3871.
[8]BIRKMANN J. Risk and vulnerability indicators at different scales:Applicability, usefulness and policy implications[J]. Global Environmental Change Part B Environmental Hazards, 2007, 7(1):20-31.
[9]王岩,方创琳,张蔷.城市脆弱性研究评述与展望[J].地理科学进展,2013, 32(5):755-768.
[10]黄建毅,刘毅,马丽,等.国外脆弱性理论模型与评估框架研究评述[J].地域研究与开发,2012, 31(5):1-5.
[11]李雯.面向河流健康的河网水系价值评估研究[D].上海:华东师范大学,2014.
[12] MEERKERK A L, WESEMAEL B V, BELLIN N. Application of connectivity theory to model the impact of terrace failure on runoff in semi-arid catchments[J]. Hydrological Processes, 2009, 23(19):2792-2803.
[13]吴阿娜,车越,徐启新,等.上海地区河流健康评价方法探讨[J].生态与农村环境学报,2007, 23(4):90-94.
[14] NORRIS R H, THOMS M C. What is river health?[J]. Freshwater Biology, 2010, 41(2):197-209.
[15]沈洁.上海浦东新区城市化进程对水系结构、连通性及其调蓄能力的影响研究[D].上海:华东师范大学,2015.
[16] HIGGINS M S, PAULSON P O. Fiber optic sensors for acoustic monitoring of PCCP[M]. Pipelines 2006:Service to the Owner, 2006:1-8.
[17]冯文娟,李海英,徐力刚,等.河流健康评价:内涵、指标、方法与尺度问题探讨[J].灌溉排水学报,2015, 34(3):34-39.
[18]施展.平原河网地区城市河流滨岸带生境评价研究[D],上海:华东师范大学,2008.
[19]程江,杨凯,赵军,等.上海中心城区河流水系百年变化及影响因素分析[J].地理科学,2007(1):85-91.
[20]曾六福.上海市洪涝灾害脆弱性时空分布特征研究[D].上海:华东师范大学,2016.
[21]殷克东,赵昕,薛俊波.基于PSR模型的可持续发展研究[J].软科学,2002, 16(5):62-66.
[22]张钰.城市景观格局合理性模式识别[D].南京:南京信息工程大学,2013.
[23]郭佳蕾,黄义雄.基于AHP和模糊综合评判法的平潭县生态系统脆弱性评价[J].防护林科技,2016(9):18-21.
[24]吴阿娜,杨凯,车越,等.河流健康评价在城市河流管理中的应用[J].中国环境科学,2006, 26(3):359-363.
[25] ABSON D J, DOUGILL A J, STRINGER L C. Using Principal Component Analysis for information-rich socioecological vulnerability mapping in Southern Africa[J]. Applied Geography, 2012, 35(1/2):515-524.
[26]郭金玉,张忠彬,孙庆云.层次分析法的研究与应用[J].中国安全科学学报,2008, 18(5):148-153.
[27]丁道军.基于PSR模型的川西生态脆弱区生态安全评价研究[D].成都:西南石油大学,2015.
[28]李智飞,门宝辉,张士锋,等.河西走廊地区水资源脆弱性评价及阈值分析[J].水资源研究,2013, 2(5):273-280.
[29]谢花林,邹金浪,彭小琳.基于能值的鄱阳湖生态经济区耕地利用集约度时空差异分析[J].地理学报,2012, 67(7):889-902.
[30] ZHAO J, JI G, TIAN Y, et al. Environmental vulnerability assessment for mainland China based on entropy method[J]. Ecological Indicators, 2018, 91:410-422.
[31] ALMER B J, VAN DER ELST R, MACKAY F, et al. Preliminary coastal vulnerability assessment for kwazulunatal, south africa[J]. Journal of Coastal Reseearch, 2011, 64:1390-1395.
[32] DENNER K, PHILLIPS M R, JENKINS R E, et al. A coastal vulnerability and environmental risk assessment of Loughor Estuary, South Wales[J]. Ocean&Coastal Management, 2015, 116:478-490.
[33]马骏,李昌晓,魏虹,等.三峡库区生态脆弱性评价[J].生态学报,2015, 35(21):7117-7129.
[34]顾文选,罗亚蒙.宜居城市科学评价标准[J].北京规划建设,2007(1):7-10.
[35]崔循臻,贾生海.石羊河流域水资源脆弱性评价[J].安徽农业科学,2013(24):10098-10100.
[36]尚钊仪,车越,张勇,等.实施最严格水资源管理考核制度的实践与思考[J].净水技术,2014(6):1-7.
[37]涂敏.基于水功能区水质达标率的河流健康评价方法[J].人民长江,2008, 39(23):130-133
[38]王静,王雯,祁元,等.中国生态用地分类体系及其1996-2012年时空分布[J].地理研究,2017, 36(3):453-470.
[39]邓红兵,陈春娣,刘昕,等.区域生态用地的概念及分类[J].生态学报,2009, 29(3):1519-1524.
[40]潘争伟,金菊良,吴开亚,等.区域水环境系统脆弱性指标体系及综合决策模型研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2014, 23(4):518-525.
[41]阳小琼,朱文泉,潘耀忠,等.基于修正的亚像元模型的植被覆盖度估算[J].应用生态学报,2008, 19(8):1860-1864.
[42]常变蓉,李仁东,徐兴建,等.基于GIS空间自相关的江汉平原钉螺分布特征[J].长江流域资源与环境,2014, 23(7):930-936.
[43]车越,杨凯.发挥河网调蓄功能消减城市雨洪灾害——基于传统生态智慧的思考[J].生态学报,2016, 36(16):4946-4948.
[44]冉均.在线教育学生知识水平的分析研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2018.
[2]金妍.江南水乡河网水系结构变迁及空间分区保护研究[D].上海:华东师范大学,2013.
[3]汪冬冬.上海城市河流滨岸带生态系统退化评价研究[D].上海:华东师范大学,2010.
[4]CHE Y, LI W, SHANG Z, et al. Residential preferences for river network improvement:an exploration of choice experiments in Zhujiajiao, Shanghai, China[J]. Environmental Management, 2014, 54(3):517-530.
[5]李鹤,张平宇,程叶青.脆弱性的概念及其评价方法[J].地理科学进展,2008, 27(2):18-25.
[6]沈珍瑶,杨志峰,曹瑜.环境脆弱性研究述评[J].地质科技情报,2003, 22(3):91-94.
[7] LANGE H J D, SALA S, VIGHI M, et al. Ecological vulnerability in risk assessment-a review and perspectives[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2010, 408(18):3871.
[8]BIRKMANN J. Risk and vulnerability indicators at different scales:Applicability, usefulness and policy implications[J]. Global Environmental Change Part B Environmental Hazards, 2007, 7(1):20-31.
[9]王岩,方创琳,张蔷.城市脆弱性研究评述与展望[J].地理科学进展,2013, 32(5):755-768.
[10]黄建毅,刘毅,马丽,等.国外脆弱性理论模型与评估框架研究评述[J].地域研究与开发,2012, 31(5):1-5.
[11]李雯.面向河流健康的河网水系价值评估研究[D].上海:华东师范大学,2014.
[12] MEERKERK A L, WESEMAEL B V, BELLIN N. Application of connectivity theory to model the impact of terrace failure on runoff in semi-arid catchments[J]. Hydrological Processes, 2009, 23(19):2792-2803.
[13]吴阿娜,车越,徐启新,等.上海地区河流健康评价方法探讨[J].生态与农村环境学报,2007, 23(4):90-94.
[14] NORRIS R H, THOMS M C. What is river health?[J]. Freshwater Biology, 2010, 41(2):197-209.
[15]沈洁.上海浦东新区城市化进程对水系结构、连通性及其调蓄能力的影响研究[D].上海:华东师范大学,2015.
[16] HIGGINS M S, PAULSON P O. Fiber optic sensors for acoustic monitoring of PCCP[M]. Pipelines 2006:Service to the Owner, 2006:1-8.
[17]冯文娟,李海英,徐力刚,等.河流健康评价:内涵、指标、方法与尺度问题探讨[J].灌溉排水学报,2015, 34(3):34-39.
[18]施展.平原河网地区城市河流滨岸带生境评价研究[D],上海:华东师范大学,2008.
[19]程江,杨凯,赵军,等.上海中心城区河流水系百年变化及影响因素分析[J].地理科学,2007(1):85-91.
[20]曾六福.上海市洪涝灾害脆弱性时空分布特征研究[D].上海:华东师范大学,2016.
[21]殷克东,赵昕,薛俊波.基于PSR模型的可持续发展研究[J].软科学,2002, 16(5):62-66.
[22]张钰.城市景观格局合理性模式识别[D].南京:南京信息工程大学,2013.
[23]郭佳蕾,黄义雄.基于AHP和模糊综合评判法的平潭县生态系统脆弱性评价[J].防护林科技,2016(9):18-21.
[24]吴阿娜,杨凯,车越,等.河流健康评价在城市河流管理中的应用[J].中国环境科学,2006, 26(3):359-363.
[25] ABSON D J, DOUGILL A J, STRINGER L C. Using Principal Component Analysis for information-rich socioecological vulnerability mapping in Southern Africa[J]. Applied Geography, 2012, 35(1/2):515-524.
[26]郭金玉,张忠彬,孙庆云.层次分析法的研究与应用[J].中国安全科学学报,2008, 18(5):148-153.
[27]丁道军.基于PSR模型的川西生态脆弱区生态安全评价研究[D].成都:西南石油大学,2015.
[28]李智飞,门宝辉,张士锋,等.河西走廊地区水资源脆弱性评价及阈值分析[J].水资源研究,2013, 2(5):273-280.
[29]谢花林,邹金浪,彭小琳.基于能值的鄱阳湖生态经济区耕地利用集约度时空差异分析[J].地理学报,2012, 67(7):889-902.
[30] ZHAO J, JI G, TIAN Y, et al. Environmental vulnerability assessment for mainland China based on entropy method[J]. Ecological Indicators, 2018, 91:410-422.
[31] ALMER B J, VAN DER ELST R, MACKAY F, et al. Preliminary coastal vulnerability assessment for kwazulunatal, south africa[J]. Journal of Coastal Reseearch, 2011, 64:1390-1395.
[32] DENNER K, PHILLIPS M R, JENKINS R E, et al. A coastal vulnerability and environmental risk assessment of Loughor Estuary, South Wales[J]. Ocean&Coastal Management, 2015, 116:478-490.
[33]马骏,李昌晓,魏虹,等.三峡库区生态脆弱性评价[J].生态学报,2015, 35(21):7117-7129.
[34]顾文选,罗亚蒙.宜居城市科学评价标准[J].北京规划建设,2007(1):7-10.
[35]崔循臻,贾生海.石羊河流域水资源脆弱性评价[J].安徽农业科学,2013(24):10098-10100.
[36]尚钊仪,车越,张勇,等.实施最严格水资源管理考核制度的实践与思考[J].净水技术,2014(6):1-7.
[37]涂敏.基于水功能区水质达标率的河流健康评价方法[J].人民长江,2008, 39(23):130-133
[38]王静,王雯,祁元,等.中国生态用地分类体系及其1996-2012年时空分布[J].地理研究,2017, 36(3):453-470.
[39]邓红兵,陈春娣,刘昕,等.区域生态用地的概念及分类[J].生态学报,2009, 29(3):1519-1524.
[40]潘争伟,金菊良,吴开亚,等.区域水环境系统脆弱性指标体系及综合决策模型研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2014, 23(4):518-525.
[41]阳小琼,朱文泉,潘耀忠,等.基于修正的亚像元模型的植被覆盖度估算[J].应用生态学报,2008, 19(8):1860-1864.
[42]常变蓉,李仁东,徐兴建,等.基于GIS空间自相关的江汉平原钉螺分布特征[J].长江流域资源与环境,2014, 23(7):930-936.
[43]车越,杨凯.发挥河网调蓄功能消减城市雨洪灾害——基于传统生态智慧的思考[J].生态学报,2016, 36(16):4946-4948.
[44]冉均.在线教育学生知识水平的分析研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2018.