高压直流接地极对油气输送管道的危害辨识
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摘要
油气输送管道作为社会发展的能源动脉,确保其安全运行,具有重要的意义。结合高压直流接地极放电实测数据,对高压直流接地极放电给油气输送管道带来的危害进行系统辨识,影响危害的两个主要因素为管道受到的电干扰的程度以及管道系统的耐受能力,其危害可归纳为管体损伤、防腐层剥离、排流器烧蚀和接地材料消耗过快、阀室工艺设备烧蚀、防雷器烧蚀、绝缘接头击穿和内壁腐蚀、阴极保护设备烧蚀、变压器直流偏磁及人员触电。建议采用耐受性能好的设备设施,从源头控制高压直流接地极放电干扰强度,对高压直流接地极带来的风险进行评价并采取与干扰程度相适应的防护措施,确保管道安全运行。
Oil and gas transportation pipeline is the energy artery of social development and it is of momentous significance to ensure the pipeline operates safely. Based on the measured data of HVDC grounding electrode discharge,this paper systematically identifies the hazard brought by HVDC grounding electrode discharge to oil and gas transportation pipeline. The two main factors that affect the hazard include the degree of electrical interference suffered by pipelines and the tolerance of pipeline system. The hazard can be summarized as pipe damage,corrosion protection layer stripping,drain ablation and excessive consumption of grounding materials, valve chamber process equipment ablation, lightning protection ablation,insulation joint breakdown and inner wall corrosion,cathodic protection equipment ablation,transformer dc magnetic bias and electric shock. It is suggested to adopt equipment and facilities with good tolerance,and control the interference intensity of HVDC grounding electrode discharge from the source,evaluate the risk caused by HVDC grounding and take protective measures corresponding to the interference degree to ensure the pipeline operates safely.
Oil and gas transportation pipeline is the energy artery of social development and it is of momentous significance to ensure the pipeline operates safely. Based on the measured data of HVDC grounding electrode discharge,this paper systematically identifies the hazard brought by HVDC grounding electrode discharge to oil and gas transportation pipeline. The two main factors that affect the hazard include the degree of electrical interference suffered by pipelines and the tolerance of pipeline system. The hazard can be summarized as pipe damage,corrosion protection layer stripping,drain ablation and excessive consumption of grounding materials, valve chamber process equipment ablation, lightning protection ablation,insulation joint breakdown and inner wall corrosion,cathodic protection equipment ablation,transformer dc magnetic bias and electric shock. It is suggested to adopt equipment and facilities with good tolerance,and control the interference intensity of HVDC grounding electrode discharge from the source,evaluate the risk caused by HVDC grounding and take protective measures corresponding to the interference degree to ensure the pipeline operates safely.
引文
[1]杨超,李兆玲,杨任继,等.高压直流接地极对埋地管道的干扰及防护[J].中国石油大学学报:自然科学版,2017,41(6):166-170.Yang Chao,Li Zhaoling,Yang Renji,et al.Interference and Protection of Buried Pipelines due to HVDC Grounding Electrode[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum:Edition of Natural Science,2017,41(6):166-170.
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[3]程明,张平.鱼龙岭接地极入地电流对西气东输二线埋地钢质管道的影响分析[J].天然气与石油,2010,28(5):22-26.Cheng Ming,Zhang Ping.Effect of Yulongling Grounding Current on Buried Steel Pipeline of West-East Gas Pipeline 2[J].Nature Gas and Oil,2010,28(5):22-26.
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[5]孙建桄,曹国飞,韩昌柴,等.高压直流输电系统接地极对西气东输管道的影响[J].腐蚀与防护,2017,38(8):631-636.Sun Jianguang,Cao Guofei,Han Changchai,et al.Influence of HDVC Transmission System Ground Electrode on West-East Gas Pipeline[J].Corrosion&Protection,2017,38(8):631-636.
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[8]迟兴和,张玉军.直流接地极与大地中金属管道的防护距离[J].电网技术,2008,32(2):71-74.Chi Xinghe,Zhang Yujun.Protective Distance Between HVDC Electrode and Underground Metal Pipeline[J].Power System Technology,2008,32(2):71-74.
[9]商善泽.直流接地极入地电流对埋地金属管道腐蚀影响的研究[D].北京:华北电力大学,2016.Shang Shanze.Research on the Corrosion Influence of Ground Current from DC Earth Electrode on the Buried Metal Pipeline[D].Beijing:North China Electric Power University,2016.
[10]崔淦,李自力,卫续,等.基于边界元法的站场区域阴极保护设计[J].中国石油大学学报:自然科学版,2014,38(6):161-166.Cui Gan,Li Zili,Wei Xu,et al.Cathodic Protection Design of Station Area Based on Boundary Element Method[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum:Edition of Natural Science,2014,38(6):161-166.
[11]程明,唐强,魏德军,等.高压直流接地极干扰区埋地钢质油气管道的综合防护[J].天然气工业,2015,35(9):105-111.Cheng Ming,Tang Qiang,Wei Dejun,et al.Comprehensive Protection of Buried Steel Pipelines at HVDC Earthed Electrode Interference Area[J].Natural Gas Industry,2015,35(9):105-111.
[12]石油工业油气储运专业标准化技术委员会.油气储运术语:SY/T 7031-2016[S].北京:石油工业出版社,2016.Standardization Technical Committee of Petroleum Industry Oil and Gas Storage and Transportation Field.Terminology of Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation:SY/T 7031-2016[S].Beijing:Petroleum Industrial Press,2016.
[13]房媛媛,卢剑.直流接地极的地电流对埋地金属管道腐蚀影响分析[J].南方电网技术,2013,7(6):71-75.Fang Yuanyuan,Lu Jian.Analysis on the Influence of HVDCGrounding Electrode’s Ground Current on the Corrosion of Buried Metal Pipelines[J].Southern Power System Technology,2013,7(6):71-75.
[14]黄留群,张本革.高压输电线路接地极对管道强电冲击的防护[J].石油工程建设,2010,36(1):70-73.Huang Liuqun,Zhang Benge.Protective Effect of Heavy Current Impulse from Grounding Electrode of High Voltage Electrical Transmission Line on Pipeline[J].Petroleum Engineering Construction,2010,36(1):70-73.
[15]王文涛.高压交、直流电力设施对埋地管道的干扰危害及检测[J].石油和化工设备,2009,12(9):51-55.Wang Wentao.The High Pressure Hands over,the Direct Current Electric Power Facilities Endangers and Examines to the Interference of the Underground Piping[J].Petro&Chemical Equipment,2009,12(9):51-55.
[16]陈水明,施广德,赵智大,等.直流输电大地回流对地下金属管道的影响分析[J].浙江大学学报:自然科学版,1993,27(3):315-323.Chen Shuiming,Shi Guangde,Zhao Zhida,et al.Analysis of Effects of HVDC Earth-return Current on Underground Metallic Pipeline[J].Journal of Zhejiang University:Natural Science,1993,27(3):315-323.
[17]孟晓波,廖永力,李锐海,等.金属管道受入地电流影响的抑制措施研究[J].南方电网技术,2015,9(2):62-67.Meng Xiaobo,Liao Yongli,Li Ruihai,et al.Research on Repressive Measures of the Influence of the Ground Return Current on the Metallic Pipeline[J].Southern Power System Technology,2015,9(2):62-67.
[18]National Association of Corrosion Engnieers.Control of External Corrosion on Underground or Submerged Metallic Piping Systems:SP 0169-2013[S].Houston:NACE,2013.
[19]Peter Nicholson.High-VoltageDirect Current Interference[R].Houston:National Association of Corrosion Engnieer,2014.
[20]McCollum B,Ahlborn G H.The Influence of Frequency of Alternating or Infrequently Reversed Current on Electrolytic Corrosion[J].Journal of Franklin Institute,1916,182(1):108-110.
[2]陈凡,何金良,张波,等.共用接地极与云广与贵广Ⅱ回直流系统的影响[J].高压电技术,2009,35(4):743-748.Chen Fan,He Jinliang,Zhang Bo,et al.Influence of Common Grounding Electrode on Yunnan-Guangdong DCTransmission Project and Guizhou-GuangdongⅡDCTransmission Project[J].High Voltage Engineering,2009,35(4):743-748.
[3]程明,张平.鱼龙岭接地极入地电流对西气东输二线埋地钢质管道的影响分析[J].天然气与石油,2010,28(5):22-26.Cheng Ming,Zhang Ping.Effect of Yulongling Grounding Current on Buried Steel Pipeline of West-East Gas Pipeline 2[J].Nature Gas and Oil,2010,28(5):22-26.
[4]应斌.高压直流输电系统接地极对长输管道安全运行的影响[J].油气田地面工程,2014,33(7):23-24.Ying Bin.The Influence of HDVC Transmission System Groud Electrode on Safe Operation of the Long-distance Pipeline[J].Oil-Gas Field Surface Engineering,2014,33(7):23-24.
[5]孙建桄,曹国飞,韩昌柴,等.高压直流输电系统接地极对西气东输管道的影响[J].腐蚀与防护,2017,38(8):631-636.Sun Jianguang,Cao Guofei,Han Changchai,et al.Influence of HDVC Transmission System Ground Electrode on West-East Gas Pipeline[J].Corrosion&Protection,2017,38(8):631-636.
[6]程明,向波,谌贵宇,等.油气管道针对高压直流接地极干扰的综合防护方法:201410133109.2[P].2014-04-04.Cheng Ming,Xiang Bo,Chen Guiyu,et al.Comprehensive Protection Method of Oil and Gas Pipelines for High Voltage DC Grounding Interference:201410133109.2[P].2014-04-04.
[7]何衍和,肖磊石.高压直流输电系统接地极对油气管道影响分析[J].贵州电力技术,2016,19(8):42-46.He Yanhe,Xiao Leishi.Summary Analysis of the Impact of HVDC Grounding Electrode on Oil and Gas Pipelines[J].Guizhou Electric Power Technology,2016,19(8):42-46.
[8]迟兴和,张玉军.直流接地极与大地中金属管道的防护距离[J].电网技术,2008,32(2):71-74.Chi Xinghe,Zhang Yujun.Protective Distance Between HVDC Electrode and Underground Metal Pipeline[J].Power System Technology,2008,32(2):71-74.
[9]商善泽.直流接地极入地电流对埋地金属管道腐蚀影响的研究[D].北京:华北电力大学,2016.Shang Shanze.Research on the Corrosion Influence of Ground Current from DC Earth Electrode on the Buried Metal Pipeline[D].Beijing:North China Electric Power University,2016.
[10]崔淦,李自力,卫续,等.基于边界元法的站场区域阴极保护设计[J].中国石油大学学报:自然科学版,2014,38(6):161-166.Cui Gan,Li Zili,Wei Xu,et al.Cathodic Protection Design of Station Area Based on Boundary Element Method[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum:Edition of Natural Science,2014,38(6):161-166.
[11]程明,唐强,魏德军,等.高压直流接地极干扰区埋地钢质油气管道的综合防护[J].天然气工业,2015,35(9):105-111.Cheng Ming,Tang Qiang,Wei Dejun,et al.Comprehensive Protection of Buried Steel Pipelines at HVDC Earthed Electrode Interference Area[J].Natural Gas Industry,2015,35(9):105-111.
[12]石油工业油气储运专业标准化技术委员会.油气储运术语:SY/T 7031-2016[S].北京:石油工业出版社,2016.Standardization Technical Committee of Petroleum Industry Oil and Gas Storage and Transportation Field.Terminology of Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation:SY/T 7031-2016[S].Beijing:Petroleum Industrial Press,2016.
[13]房媛媛,卢剑.直流接地极的地电流对埋地金属管道腐蚀影响分析[J].南方电网技术,2013,7(6):71-75.Fang Yuanyuan,Lu Jian.Analysis on the Influence of HVDCGrounding Electrode’s Ground Current on the Corrosion of Buried Metal Pipelines[J].Southern Power System Technology,2013,7(6):71-75.
[14]黄留群,张本革.高压输电线路接地极对管道强电冲击的防护[J].石油工程建设,2010,36(1):70-73.Huang Liuqun,Zhang Benge.Protective Effect of Heavy Current Impulse from Grounding Electrode of High Voltage Electrical Transmission Line on Pipeline[J].Petroleum Engineering Construction,2010,36(1):70-73.
[15]王文涛.高压交、直流电力设施对埋地管道的干扰危害及检测[J].石油和化工设备,2009,12(9):51-55.Wang Wentao.The High Pressure Hands over,the Direct Current Electric Power Facilities Endangers and Examines to the Interference of the Underground Piping[J].Petro&Chemical Equipment,2009,12(9):51-55.
[16]陈水明,施广德,赵智大,等.直流输电大地回流对地下金属管道的影响分析[J].浙江大学学报:自然科学版,1993,27(3):315-323.Chen Shuiming,Shi Guangde,Zhao Zhida,et al.Analysis of Effects of HVDC Earth-return Current on Underground Metallic Pipeline[J].Journal of Zhejiang University:Natural Science,1993,27(3):315-323.
[17]孟晓波,廖永力,李锐海,等.金属管道受入地电流影响的抑制措施研究[J].南方电网技术,2015,9(2):62-67.Meng Xiaobo,Liao Yongli,Li Ruihai,et al.Research on Repressive Measures of the Influence of the Ground Return Current on the Metallic Pipeline[J].Southern Power System Technology,2015,9(2):62-67.
[18]National Association of Corrosion Engnieers.Control of External Corrosion on Underground or Submerged Metallic Piping Systems:SP 0169-2013[S].Houston:NACE,2013.
[19]Peter Nicholson.High-VoltageDirect Current Interference[R].Houston:National Association of Corrosion Engnieer,2014.
[20]McCollum B,Ahlborn G H.The Influence of Frequency of Alternating or Infrequently Reversed Current on Electrolytic Corrosion[J].Journal of Franklin Institute,1916,182(1):108-110.