膨胀石墨对磷铜纤维电刷载流摩擦学性能的影响
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摘要
采用直径50μm的磷铜纤维作为主体材料,用膨胀石墨纸作润滑组元,用石墨纸包覆纤维束制备磷铜纤维电刷,研究石墨含量对电刷电接触性能及载流摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果表明,通过将纤维进行弯曲处理构建金属纤维均匀分散的三维网状刷体结构,可使电刷具有较低弹性系数的同时保持一定的抗压强度,在17.5%的纤维填充率(体积分数)下,弯曲纤维电刷比未弯曲纤维电刷具有略高的抗压强度(分别为2.69和2.62 MPa)和更低的弹性系数(分别为149.5和428.8 N/mm)。膨胀石墨在改善磷铜纤维电刷摩擦磨损性能的同时,降低电刷的电接触性能,随膨胀石墨的体积分数从6.2%增至29.1%,电刷的摩擦因数由0.67降至0.25,接触电压降由244.86 mV升至427.81 mV。此外,石墨的润滑作用可有效改善磷铜纤维电刷的不对称磨损状态,在无石墨润滑条件下,电刷阴阳两极的磨损率分别为5.83×10~(-9) m/m和1.12×10~(-8) m/m,膨胀石墨含量为29.1%时,阴阳两极的磨损率分别降至0.44×10~(-9)和0.53×10~(-9) m/m,并且两极的磨损率差异显著减小。
A fiber brush was prepared by rolling the fiber bundle with expanded graphite paper using phosphor-bronze fibers with diameter of 50 μm as the main material and expanded graphite paper as the lubricant. The effects of expanded graphite content on the electric contact property and current carrying tribological properties of the fiber brush were studied. The results show that, a three-dimensional brush structure with uniform dispersion of fibers was constructed through bending the phosphor-bronze fibers, which leads to a lower elastic constant and appropriate compression strength of the fiber brush. The bent phosphor-bronze fiber brush, compared to the unbent phosphor-bronze fiber brush with the same packing fraction of fiber(17.5%), possesses slightly higher compressive strength(2.69 MPa vs 2.62 MPa) and lower elastic constants(149.5 N/mm vs 428.8 N/mm). The friction and wear properties of the brushes increase while the electrical contact property decreases. With the content of expanded graphite increasing from 6.2% to 29.1%, the friction coefficient decreases from 0.67 to 0.25, and the contact voltage drop increases from 244.86 mV to 427.81 mV. Otherwise, the asymmetric wear behavior of the phosphor-bronze fiber brush can be suppressed by the lubricating effect of expanded graphite. The wear rates of the negative and positive brush without expanded graphite are 5.83×10~(-9) m/m and 1.12×10~(-8) m/m respectively. As the content of expanded graphite increases to 29.1%, the wear rate of the negative and positive brush decrease to 0.44×10~(-9) m/m and 0.53×10~(-9) m/m respectively.
A fiber brush was prepared by rolling the fiber bundle with expanded graphite paper using phosphor-bronze fibers with diameter of 50 μm as the main material and expanded graphite paper as the lubricant. The effects of expanded graphite content on the electric contact property and current carrying tribological properties of the fiber brush were studied. The results show that, a three-dimensional brush structure with uniform dispersion of fibers was constructed through bending the phosphor-bronze fibers, which leads to a lower elastic constant and appropriate compression strength of the fiber brush. The bent phosphor-bronze fiber brush, compared to the unbent phosphor-bronze fiber brush with the same packing fraction of fiber(17.5%), possesses slightly higher compressive strength(2.69 MPa vs 2.62 MPa) and lower elastic constants(149.5 N/mm vs 428.8 N/mm). The friction and wear properties of the brushes increase while the electrical contact property decreases. With the content of expanded graphite increasing from 6.2% to 29.1%, the friction coefficient decreases from 0.67 to 0.25, and the contact voltage drop increases from 244.86 mV to 427.81 mV. Otherwise, the asymmetric wear behavior of the phosphor-bronze fiber brush can be suppressed by the lubricating effect of expanded graphite. The wear rates of the negative and positive brush without expanded graphite are 5.83×10~(-9) m/m and 1.12×10~(-8) m/m respectively. As the content of expanded graphite increases to 29.1%, the wear rate of the negative and positive brush decrease to 0.44×10~(-9) m/m and 0.53×10~(-9) m/m respectively.
引文
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[23]BARROS’BOUCHET M I D,MARTIN J M,LE-MOGNE T,et al.Boundary lubrication mechanisms of carbon coatings by Mo DTC and ZDDP additives[J].Tribology International,2005,38(3):257-264.
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[25]ARGIBAY N,BARES J A,SAWYER W G.Asymmetric wear behavior of self-mated copper fiber brush and slip-ring sliding electrical contacts in a humid carbon dioxide environment[J].Wear,2010,268(3/4):455-463.
[26]马会中,张兰,张俊杰,等.类石墨薄膜的场致电子发射研究[J].液晶与显示,2004,19(4):244-248.MA Huizhong,ZHANG Lan,ZHANG Junjie,et al.Study on field electron emission of graphite-like films[J].Chinese Journal of Liquid Crystals and Displays,2004,19(4):244-248.
[2]KUHLMANA-WILSDORF D,ALLEY D M.Commutation with metal fiber brushes[J].IEEE Transactions on Components,Hybrids,and Manufacturing Technology,1989,12(2):246-253.
[3]ELGER W.Development of metal fiber electrical brushes for500 k W SSMG sets[J].Naval Engineers Journal,2005,117(4):37-44.
[4]BRYANT M D,TEWARI A,LIN J W.Wear rate reductions in carbon brushes,conducting current,and sliding against wavy copper surfaces[J].IEEE Transactions on Components Packaging&Manufacturing Technology Part A,2015,18(2):375-381.
[5]ZHOU Kechao,XIAO Jinkun,ZHANG Lei,et al.Tribological behavior of brass fiber brush against copper,brass,coin-silver and steel[J].Wear,2015,326:48-57.
[6]SCHARF T W,PRASAD S V.Solid lubricants:A review[J].Journal of Materials Science,2013,48(2):511-531.
[7]CAO Huiquan,QIAN Zhiyuan,ZHANG Lei,et al.Tribological behavior of Cu matrix composites containing graphite and tungsten disulfide[J].Tribology Transactions,2014,57(6):1037-1043.
[8]CHEN Wu,WANG Yan,ZHANG Lei,et al.The effect of hot extrusion on mechanical and tribological behavior of Ag-Cu/Mo S2 composites[J].Tribology Transactions,2016,59(2):1-36.
[9]BROWN L,KUHLMANA-WILSDORF D,JESSER W.Testing and evaluation of metal fiber brush operation on slip rings and commutators[J].IEEE Transactions on Components and Packaging Technologies,2008,31(2):485-494.
[10]BARES J A,ARGIBAY N,MAUNYLER N,et al.High current density copper-on-copper sliding electrical contacts at low sliding velocities[J].Wear,2009,267(1):417-424.
[11]KUHLMANA WILSDORF D,MAKEL D D,GILLIES G T.Continuous metal fiber brushes:U.S.Patent 6,245,440[P].2001-06-12.
[12]BARES J A.Lubrication of high current density metallic sliding electrical contacts[D].Gainesville,America:University of Florida,2009.
[13]钟德华.提高锡磷青铜(QSn6.5-0.1)带材横向弯曲性能研究[D].北京:北京工业大学,2003.ZHONG Dehua.Study on improving the transverse bending behavior of tin-bronze(QSn6.5-0.1)strip[D].Beijing:Beijing Industry University,2003.
[14]邢玉梅,田军,杨生荣.膨胀石墨和柔性石墨的应用前景及发展趋势[J].润滑与密封,2001(3):58-59.XING Yumei,TIAN Jun,YANG Shengrong.Application prospect and development trend of expanded graphite and flexible graphite[J].Lubrication Engineering,2001(3):58-59.
[15]ROSCHNING B,HUBER N.Scaling laws of nanoporous gold under uniaxial compression:Effects of structural disorder on the solid fraction,elastic Poisson’s ratio,Young's modulus and yield strength[J].Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids,2016,92:55-71
[16]Electrical contacts:principles and applications[M].Boca Raton,America:CRC Press,2013:93-99.
[17]BHUSHAN B.Contact mechanics of rough surfaces in tribology:multiple asperity contact[J].Tribology Letters,1998,4(1):1-35.
[18]雷威,张晓兵,王保平.大电流场致发射电子源的研究[J].新型工业化,2011,1(2):73-78.LEI Wei,ZHANG Xiaobing,WANG Baoping.Study on field emitted electron source of high current[J].New Industrialization Straregy,2011,1(2):73-78.
[19]郭艳群,聂祚仁,席晓丽,等.钨热电子发射材料的研究进展[J].稀有金属,2005,29(2):200-205.GUO Yanqun,NIE Zuoren,XI Xiaoli,et al.Research progress of tungsten thermo electron emission materials[J].Chinese Journal of Rare Metals,2005,29(2):200-205.
[20]LIN Xinzhou,ZHU Minhao,MO Jiliang,et al.Tribology and arc behavior of carbon/copper during current-carrying sliding friction[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2011,21(2):292-299.
[21]XIAO Jinkun,LIU Liming,ZHANG Chao,et al.Sliding electrical contact behavior of brass fiber brush against coin-silver and Au plating[J].Wear,2016,368/369:461-469.
[22]BRAUNOVIC M,MYSHKIN N K,KONCHITS V V.Electrical contacts:Fundamentals,Applications and Technology[M].Boca Raton,America:CRC Press,2006:360-370.
[23]BARROS’BOUCHET M I D,MARTIN J M,LE-MOGNE T,et al.Boundary lubrication mechanisms of carbon coatings by Mo DTC and ZDDP additives[J].Tribology International,2005,38(3):257-264.
[24]RABASO P,VILLE F,DASSENOY F,et al.Boundary lubrication:Influence of the size and structure of inorganic fullerene-like Mo S 2 nanoparticles on friction and wear reduction[J].Wear,2014,320(s1/2):161-178.
[25]ARGIBAY N,BARES J A,SAWYER W G.Asymmetric wear behavior of self-mated copper fiber brush and slip-ring sliding electrical contacts in a humid carbon dioxide environment[J].Wear,2010,268(3/4):455-463.
[26]马会中,张兰,张俊杰,等.类石墨薄膜的场致电子发射研究[J].液晶与显示,2004,19(4):244-248.MA Huizhong,ZHANG Lan,ZHANG Junjie,et al.Study on field electron emission of graphite-like films[J].Chinese Journal of Liquid Crystals and Displays,2004,19(4):244-248.