二硫化钨含量对铜-石墨-二硫化钨复合材料电滑动磨损性能的影响（英文）
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摘要
采用粉末冶金热压法制备了4种以石墨和二硫化钨为润滑剂的铜基复合材料,并采用环-块式磨损机对复合材料与Cu-5%银合金环对磨时的电滑动磨损性能进行测试。结果表明,铜-石墨-二硫化钨双润滑剂复合材料在800°C烧结时可以在保证其良好的润滑性能的同时获得较优的力学性能。随着二硫化钨与石墨质量比的增加,复合材料的接触电压降增加,铜-20%石墨-10%二硫化钨复合材料在电磨损过程中显示出最佳的抗磨性能,这主要是由于石墨和二硫化钨之间优异的协同润滑作用。在铜-石墨复合材料中添加适量的二硫化钨可以在电能损耗增加不多的同时显著提高其磨损抗力,为制备高性能滑动电接触材料提供了一种新颖的设计思路。
Four kinds of Cu-based composites with different mass ratios of graphite and WS2 as lubricants were fabricated by hot-pressing method. Electrical sliding wear behaviors of the composites were investigated using a block-on-ring tribometer rubbing against Cu-5%Ag alloy ring. The results demonstrated that 800 °C was the optimum sintering temperature for Cu-graphite-WS2dual-lubricant composites to obtain the best comprehensive properties of mechanical strength and lubrication performance. Contact voltage drops of the Cu-based composites increased with increasing the mass ratio of WS2 to graphite. The Cu-based composite with 20% graphite and 10% WS2 showed the best wear resistance due to the excellent synergetic lubricating effect of graphite and WS2. The reasonable addition of WS2 into the Cu-graphite composite can remarkably improve the wear resistance without much rise of electrical energy loss which provides a novel principle of designing suitable sliding electrical contact materials for industrial applications.
Four kinds of Cu-based composites with different mass ratios of graphite and WS2 as lubricants were fabricated by hot-pressing method. Electrical sliding wear behaviors of the composites were investigated using a block-on-ring tribometer rubbing against Cu-5%Ag alloy ring. The results demonstrated that 800 °C was the optimum sintering temperature for Cu-graphite-WS2dual-lubricant composites to obtain the best comprehensive properties of mechanical strength and lubrication performance. Contact voltage drops of the Cu-based composites increased with increasing the mass ratio of WS2 to graphite. The Cu-based composite with 20% graphite and 10% WS2 showed the best wear resistance due to the excellent synergetic lubricating effect of graphite and WS2. The reasonable addition of WS2 into the Cu-graphite composite can remarkably improve the wear resistance without much rise of electrical energy loss which provides a novel principle of designing suitable sliding electrical contact materials for industrial applications.
引文
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[3]SENOUCI A,FRENE C,ZAIDI H.Wear mechanism in graphite-copper electrical sliding contact[J].Wear,1999,225(2):949-953.
[4]XIE Ming,WANG Song,YANG You-cai,ZHANG Ji-ming,WANG Sai-bei.Electrical sliding wear resistance of Cu-Cr-Y alloy[J].Heat Treatment of Metals,2013,38(9):82-85.(in Chinese)
[5]WANG Y A,LI J X,YAN Y,QIAO L J.Effect of electrical current on tribological behavior of copper-impregnated metallized carbon against a Cu-Cr-Zr alloy[J].Tribol Int,2012,50:26-34.
[6]XU Wei,HU Rui,LI Jin-shan,FU Heng-zhi.Effect of electrical current on tribological property of Cu matrix composite reinforced by carbon nanotubes[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2011,21(10):2237-2241.
[7]HU Z L,CHEN Z H,XIA J T,DING G Y.Effect of PV factor on the wear of carbon brushes for micromotors[J].Wear,2008,265(3-4):336-340.
[8]HU Z L,CHEN Z H,XIA J T.Study on surface film in the wear of electrographite brushes against copper commutators for variable current and humidity[J].Wear,2008,264(1-2):11-17.
[9]HU Zhong-liang,CHEN Zhen-hua,XIA Jin-tong,DING Guo-yun.Wear property of high-resistivity carbon brushes made with and without Mo S2 in variable humidity[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2008,18(2):340-345.
[10]WANG Juan,FENG Yi,LI Shu,LIN Shen.Influence of graphite content on sliding wear characteristics of CNTs-Ag-G electrical contact materials[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2009,19(1):113-118.
[11]HE D H,MANORY R.A novel electrical contact material with improved self-lubrication for railway current collectors[J].Wear,2001,249(7):626-636.
[12]SLADE P G.Electrical contacts:Principles and applications[M].New York:Marcel Dekker Inc,1999.
[13]KAWAKAME M,BRESSAN J D.Study of wear in self-lubricating composites for application in seals of electric motors[J].J Mater Process Tech,2006,179(1-3):74-80.
[14]MA X C,HE G Q,HE D H,CHEN C S,HU Z F.Sliding wear behavior of copper-graphite composite material for use in Maglev transportation system[J].Wear,2008,265(7-8):1087-1092.
[15]XU Wei,HU Rui,LI Jin-shan,ZHANG Yong-zhen,FU Heng-zhi.Tribological behavior of CNTs-Cu and graphite-Cu composites with electric current[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2012,22(1):78-84.
[16]CHO K H,HONG U S,LEE K S,JANG H.Tribological properties and electrical signal transmission of copper-graphite composites[J].Tribol Lett,2007,27(3):301-306.
[17]LüLe-hua,SUN Le-min,SHANGGUAN Bao,ZHANG Yong-zhen.Effects of graphite content on current carrying friction and wear behaviors of graphite/copper composites[J].Lubrication Engineering,2013,38(1):24-27.(in Chinese)
[18]XIAN G J,WALTER R,HAUPERT F.A synergistic effect of nano-Ti O2 and graphite on the tribological performance of epoxy matrix composites[J].J Appl Polym Sci,2006,102(3):2391-2400.
[19]LI J L,XIONG D S.Tribological properties of nickel-based self-lubricating composite at elevated temperature and counterface material selection[J].Wear,2008,265(3-4):533-539.
[20]HU K H,HUANG F,HU X G,XU Y F,ZHOU Y Q.Synergistic effect of nano-Mo S2 and anatase nano-Ti O2 on the lubrication properties of Mo S2/Ti O2 nano-clusters[J].Tribol Lett,2011,43(1):77-87.
[21]LI X B,GAO Y M,XING J D,WANG Y,FANG L.Wear reduction mechanism of graphite and Mo S2 in epoxy composites[J].Wear,2004,257(3-4):279-283.
[22]GARDOS M N.The synergistic effects of graphite on the friction and wear of Mo S2 films in air[J].Tribol T,1988,31(2):214-227.
[23]GREENBERG R,HALPERIN G,ETSION I,TENNE R.The effect of WS2 nanoparticles on friction reduction in various lubrication regimes[J].Tribol Lett,2004,17(2):179-186.
[24]SCHARF T W,RAJENDRAN A,BANERJEE R,SEQUEDA F.Growth,structure and friction behavior of titanium doped tungsten disulphide(Ti-WS2)nanocomposite thin films[J].Thin Solid Films,2009,517(19):5666-5675.
[25]VADIRAJ A,KAMARAJ M.Comparative wear behavior of Mo S2and WS2 coating on plasma-nitrided SG iron[J].J Mater Eng Perform,2010,19(2):166-170.
[26]KOGUT L.Electrical performance of contaminated rough surfaces in contact[J].J Appl Phys,2005,97(10):103723-103727.
[27]KONCHITS V V,KIM C K.Electric current passage and interface heating[J].Wear,1999,232(1):31-40.
[28]HOLM R.Electric contacts theory and applications[M].Berlin:Springer,1967.