单框架磁悬浮控制力矩陀螺的损耗计算及热-结构耦合分析
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摘要
为了明确由损耗导致航天器应用中的磁悬浮控制力矩陀螺温升问题,需要对损耗和温度分布进行分析计算。本文针对额定转速12 000 r/m,最大角动量200 N·m·s的单框架磁悬浮控制力矩陀螺,通过建立理论模型进行分析计算,得到了框架力矩电机、径向磁轴承、轴向磁轴承和转子高速电机的铁损以及铜损;对陀螺三维有限元模型进行了热场仿真分析,得到在各类损耗影响下的温度分布,并进行了热-结构耦合仿真分析。分析得到最大温度位于高速电机定子,最大温度是48.3℃;最后,进行了样机温升实验验证,检测温度最大值位于高速电机定子,最大值为51.8℃,与计算值误差为6.8%。通过温升检测实验验证了损耗计算和有限元热场分析。实验结论为整体结构优化提供了理论参考。
To investigate the temperature rise caused by loss of the magnetically suspended control moment gyroscope for the spacecraft application, it is necessary to analyze and calculate the loss and temperature distribution. In this paper, theoretical loss models that consider the iron and copper losses were established. The losses in a single gimbal magnetically suspended control moment gyroscope(SGMSCMG), which consists of a frame torque motor, radial magnetic bearing, axial magnetic bearing, high-speed motor of rotor system, with a rated speed of 12 000 r/m and maximum angular momentum of 200 N·m·s were calculated. These losses were then used to determine the temperature distribution, which was based on a three-dimensional finite-element model. A thermal-structure coupled simulation analysis was also performed. The results reveal that the maximum temperature occurs at the stator of the high-speed motor and has a value of 48.3 ℃. Finally, the temperature rise of the prototype is verified by experiment. According to the experiments, the maximum temperature occurs at the stator of the high-speed motor, and its maximum value is 51.8 ℃. The error is 6.8% when the experimental results are compared with predicted values. The loss calculation and finite element analysis of the thermal field are verified by the temperature rise experiment. The experimental results provide theoretical reference for overall structure optimization.
To investigate the temperature rise caused by loss of the magnetically suspended control moment gyroscope for the spacecraft application, it is necessary to analyze and calculate the loss and temperature distribution. In this paper, theoretical loss models that consider the iron and copper losses were established. The losses in a single gimbal magnetically suspended control moment gyroscope(SGMSCMG), which consists of a frame torque motor, radial magnetic bearing, axial magnetic bearing, high-speed motor of rotor system, with a rated speed of 12 000 r/m and maximum angular momentum of 200 N·m·s were calculated. These losses were then used to determine the temperature distribution, which was based on a three-dimensional finite-element model. A thermal-structure coupled simulation analysis was also performed. The results reveal that the maximum temperature occurs at the stator of the high-speed motor and has a value of 48.3 ℃. Finally, the temperature rise of the prototype is verified by experiment. According to the experiments, the maximum temperature occurs at the stator of the high-speed motor, and its maximum value is 51.8 ℃. The error is 6.8% when the experimental results are compared with predicted values. The loss calculation and finite element analysis of the thermal field are verified by the temperature rise experiment. The experimental results provide theoretical reference for overall structure optimization.
引文
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[7] ZHENG S Q, LI H T, HAN B CH, et al.. Power consumption reduction for magnetic bearing systems during torque output of control moment gyros [J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2017, 32(7): 5752-5759.
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[10] AN J, BINDER A, SABIRIN C R. Loss measurement of a 30 kW high speed permanent magnet synchronous machine with active magnetic bearings [C]. 2013 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS), Busan, 2013: 905-910.
[11] HUANG Z Y, FANG J CH, LIU X, et al.. Loss calculation and thermal analysis of rotors supported by active magnetic bearings for high-speed permanent-magnet electrical machines [J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2016, 63(4): 2027-2035.
[12] ZHANG SH N, HAN B CH, LI H, et al.. Thermal and structural coupling analysis of magnetically suspended flywheel rotor [C]. Proc. SPIE, Sixth International Symposium on Instrumentation and Control Technology: Sensors, Automatic Measurement, Control, and Computer Simulation, 2006, 6358: 561-568.
[13] HUYNH C, ZHENG L, MCMULLEN P. Thermal performance evaluation of a high-speed flywheel energy storage system [C]. IECON 2007 33rd Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, Taipei, 2007: 163-168.
[14] 王春娥,房建成,汤继强,等. 磁悬浮反作用飞轮热设计方法与实验研究[J]. 航空学报, 2011, 32(4):598-607.WANG CH E, FANG J CH, TANG J Q, et al.. Thermal design method and experimental research of magnetically suspended reaction flywheel [J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2011, 32(4): 598-607. (in Chinese)
[15] 张姝娜,房建成,韩邦成,等. 磁悬浮飞轮转子组件温度场分析与研究 [J].中国惯性技术学报,2007,15(1):67-71.ZHANG SH N, FANG J CH, HAN B CH, et al.. Thermal analysis and research on magnetically suspended flywheel rotor [J]. Journal of Chinese Inertial Technology, 2007, 15(1): 67-71. (in Chinese)
[16] 韩伟涛,刘刚,孙津济,等. 磁悬浮控制力矩陀螺热-结构耦合分析与研究[J]. 北京航空航天大学学报,2016,42(2):391-399.HAN W T, LIU G, SUN J J, et al.. Thermal-structure coupling analysis and research of MSCMG [J]. Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2016, 42(2): 391-399. (in Chinese)
[17] 房建成,杨磊,孙津济,等.一种新型磁悬浮飞轮用永磁偏置径向磁轴承[J].光学 精密工程,2008(3):444-451.FANG J CH, YANG L, SUN J J, et al.. Novel permanent-magnet bias radial magnetic bearing used in magnetical suspended flywheel [J]. Opt. Precision Eng., 2008, 16(3): 444-451. (in Chinese)
[18] ZHILICHEV Y. Analysis of a magnetic bearing pair with a permanent magnet excitation [J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2000, 36(5): 3690-3692.
[19] GERADA D, MEBARKI A, BROWN N L, et al.. High-speed electrical machines: technologies, trends, and developments [J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2014, 61(6): 2946-2959.
[20] ZHOU X X, CHEN X, ZENG F Q, et al.. Fast commutation instant shift correction method for sensorless coreless BLDC motor based on terminal voltage information [J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2017, 32(12): 9460-9472.
[21] LIU K, FU X H, LIN M Y, et al.. AC copper losses analysis of the ironless brushless DC motor used in a flywheel energy storage system [J]. IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2016, 26(7): 1-5.
[22] 江善林,邹继斌,徐永向,等. 考虑旋转磁通和趋肤效应的变系数铁耗计算模型[J].中国电机工程学报,2011, 31(3): 104-110.JIANG SH L, ZOU J B, XU Y X, et al.. Variable coefficient iron loss calculating model considering rotational flux and skin effect [J]. Proceedings of the Csee, 2011, 31(3):104-110. (in Chinese)
[2] 韩邦成,虎刚,房建成. 磁悬浮控制力矩陀螺高速转子的优化设计[J]. 光学 精密工程,2006,14(04):662-666.HAN B CH, HU G, FANG J CH. Optimization design of magnetic suspended gyroscope rotor [J]. Opt. Precision Eng., 2006, 14(4):662-666. (in Chinese)
[3] HAN B CH, ZHENG S Q, LI H T, et al.. Weight-reduction design based on integrated radial-axial magnetic bearing of a large-scale MSCMG for space station application [J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2017, 64(3): 2205-2214.
[4] PARK S H, LEE C W. Decoupled control of a disk-type rotor equipped with a three-pole hybrid magnetic bearing [J]. IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics, 2010, 15(5): 793-804.
[5] HAN B CH, ZHENG S Q, WANG Z, et al.. Design, modeling, fabrication, and test of a large-scale single-gimbal magnetically suspended control moment gyro [J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2015, 62(12): 7424-7435.
[6] 谢进进,刘刚,文通. 双框架磁悬浮控制力矩陀螺磁轴承负载力矩复合补偿的控制[J]. 光学 精密工程,2015,23(8):2211-2219.XIE J J, LIU G, WEN T. Composite compensation for load torque of active magnetic bearing in DGMSCMG [J]. Opt. Precision Eng., 2015, 23(8): 2211-2219. (in Chinese)
[7] ZHENG S Q, LI H T, HAN B CH, et al.. Power consumption reduction for magnetic bearing systems during torque output of control moment gyros [J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2017, 32(7): 5752-5759.
[8] GERADA D, MEBARKI A, SHANEL M, et al.. Design considerations of high-speed induction machines for high-temperature applications [C]. 2008 18th International Conference on Electrical Machines, Vilamoura, 2008: 1-6.
[9] LEE S Y, JUNG H K. Eddy current loss analysis in the rotor of permanent magnet traction motor with high power density [C]. 2012 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference, Seoul, 2012: 210-214.
[10] AN J, BINDER A, SABIRIN C R. Loss measurement of a 30 kW high speed permanent magnet synchronous machine with active magnetic bearings [C]. 2013 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS), Busan, 2013: 905-910.
[11] HUANG Z Y, FANG J CH, LIU X, et al.. Loss calculation and thermal analysis of rotors supported by active magnetic bearings for high-speed permanent-magnet electrical machines [J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2016, 63(4): 2027-2035.
[12] ZHANG SH N, HAN B CH, LI H, et al.. Thermal and structural coupling analysis of magnetically suspended flywheel rotor [C]. Proc. SPIE, Sixth International Symposium on Instrumentation and Control Technology: Sensors, Automatic Measurement, Control, and Computer Simulation, 2006, 6358: 561-568.
[13] HUYNH C, ZHENG L, MCMULLEN P. Thermal performance evaluation of a high-speed flywheel energy storage system [C]. IECON 2007 33rd Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, Taipei, 2007: 163-168.
[14] 王春娥,房建成,汤继强,等. 磁悬浮反作用飞轮热设计方法与实验研究[J]. 航空学报, 2011, 32(4):598-607.WANG CH E, FANG J CH, TANG J Q, et al.. Thermal design method and experimental research of magnetically suspended reaction flywheel [J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2011, 32(4): 598-607. (in Chinese)
[15] 张姝娜,房建成,韩邦成,等. 磁悬浮飞轮转子组件温度场分析与研究 [J].中国惯性技术学报,2007,15(1):67-71.ZHANG SH N, FANG J CH, HAN B CH, et al.. Thermal analysis and research on magnetically suspended flywheel rotor [J]. Journal of Chinese Inertial Technology, 2007, 15(1): 67-71. (in Chinese)
[16] 韩伟涛,刘刚,孙津济,等. 磁悬浮控制力矩陀螺热-结构耦合分析与研究[J]. 北京航空航天大学学报,2016,42(2):391-399.HAN W T, LIU G, SUN J J, et al.. Thermal-structure coupling analysis and research of MSCMG [J]. Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2016, 42(2): 391-399. (in Chinese)
[17] 房建成,杨磊,孙津济,等.一种新型磁悬浮飞轮用永磁偏置径向磁轴承[J].光学 精密工程,2008(3):444-451.FANG J CH, YANG L, SUN J J, et al.. Novel permanent-magnet bias radial magnetic bearing used in magnetical suspended flywheel [J]. Opt. Precision Eng., 2008, 16(3): 444-451. (in Chinese)
[18] ZHILICHEV Y. Analysis of a magnetic bearing pair with a permanent magnet excitation [J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2000, 36(5): 3690-3692.
[19] GERADA D, MEBARKI A, BROWN N L, et al.. High-speed electrical machines: technologies, trends, and developments [J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2014, 61(6): 2946-2959.
[20] ZHOU X X, CHEN X, ZENG F Q, et al.. Fast commutation instant shift correction method for sensorless coreless BLDC motor based on terminal voltage information [J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2017, 32(12): 9460-9472.
[21] LIU K, FU X H, LIN M Y, et al.. AC copper losses analysis of the ironless brushless DC motor used in a flywheel energy storage system [J]. IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2016, 26(7): 1-5.
[22] 江善林,邹继斌,徐永向,等. 考虑旋转磁通和趋肤效应的变系数铁耗计算模型[J].中国电机工程学报,2011, 31(3): 104-110.JIANG SH L, ZOU J B, XU Y X, et al.. Variable coefficient iron loss calculating model considering rotational flux and skin effect [J]. Proceedings of the Csee, 2011, 31(3):104-110. (in Chinese)