连续负压供水对辣椒种植土壤速效养分及酶活性的影响
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摘要
为探索负压供水对辣椒土壤速效养分和土壤生物活性的影响,在温室大棚内采用盆栽试验,试验利用负压供水装置,设置-5、-10、-15 k Pa以及人工浇水(CK)4个处理,测定了辣椒各生育期土壤碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量,以及土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶和磷酸酶活性指标。结果表明,试验中供水压力控制在-5~-15 k Pa时,辣椒各生育期土壤碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量,4种土壤酶活性均显著高于CK,其中,-5k Pa处理对土壤养分及酶活性的提高显著。土壤速效养分含量与酶活性相关分析表明,在负压供水条件下,土壤4种酶活性之间,土壤碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量之间,土壤酶与土壤速效养分之间均呈极显著正相关;主成分分析表明,第一主成分对土壤养分供应能力的贡献大,第二主成分反映出过氧化氢酶及蔗糖酶不断分解减少时,有效磷及速效钾权重减少。综上所述,采用负压供水方式,能促进土壤酶活性提高,有利于辣椒土壤养分的转化,当供水压力稳定在-5 k Pa时,提高辣椒土壤养分效果更为显著。
Pot experiment was carried out in greenhouse to explore the effect of negative pressure water supply on soil nutrients and soil bioactivities of Capsicum annuum L. using the negative pressure water supply device by means of continuous negative pressure water supply. 4 treatments,namely,-5,-10,-15 k Pa and manual irrigation( CK) were set up in the experiment,so as to determine soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium contents,as well as soil catalase,urease,sucrase and phosphatase activities at all growth stages of Capsicum annuum L.. The results indicated that soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium contents,as well as 4 soil enzyme activities at all growth stages of Capsicum annuum L. were remarkably higher than those in CK when the water supply pressure was controlled at-5 k Pa to-15 k Pa. Among them,-5 k Pa treatment significantly increased soil nutrients and enzyme activities.Correlation analyses of soil available nutrient contents and enzyme activities indicated that,under negative pressure water supply conditions,soil enzymes showed distinctly positive correlation with soil available nutrients among the 4 soil enzymes,among soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium,and among soil enzymes and soil nutrients. Principal component analysis revealed that the first principal component had great contribution to the comprehensive soil fertility level. In addition,the second principal component suggested that available phosphorus and available potassium decreased as catalase and sucrase decomposed and decreased. In conclusion,adopting the negative pressure water supply manner can promote soil enzyme activities of Capsicum annuum L.,which is beneficial to the transition of soil nutrients of Capsicum annuum L.. Furthermore,the effect on improving soil fertility of Capsicum annuum L. is more outstanding when the water supply pressure is stable at-5 k Pa.
Pot experiment was carried out in greenhouse to explore the effect of negative pressure water supply on soil nutrients and soil bioactivities of Capsicum annuum L. using the negative pressure water supply device by means of continuous negative pressure water supply. 4 treatments,namely,-5,-10,-15 k Pa and manual irrigation( CK) were set up in the experiment,so as to determine soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium contents,as well as soil catalase,urease,sucrase and phosphatase activities at all growth stages of Capsicum annuum L.. The results indicated that soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium contents,as well as 4 soil enzyme activities at all growth stages of Capsicum annuum L. were remarkably higher than those in CK when the water supply pressure was controlled at-5 k Pa to-15 k Pa. Among them,-5 k Pa treatment significantly increased soil nutrients and enzyme activities.Correlation analyses of soil available nutrient contents and enzyme activities indicated that,under negative pressure water supply conditions,soil enzymes showed distinctly positive correlation with soil available nutrients among the 4 soil enzymes,among soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium,and among soil enzymes and soil nutrients. Principal component analysis revealed that the first principal component had great contribution to the comprehensive soil fertility level. In addition,the second principal component suggested that available phosphorus and available potassium decreased as catalase and sucrase decomposed and decreased. In conclusion,adopting the negative pressure water supply manner can promote soil enzyme activities of Capsicum annuum L.,which is beneficial to the transition of soil nutrients of Capsicum annuum L.. Furthermore,the effect on improving soil fertility of Capsicum annuum L. is more outstanding when the water supply pressure is stable at-5 k Pa.
引文
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[23]邹朝望,薛绪掌,张仁铎,等.负水头灌溉原理与装置[J].农业工程学报,2007,23(11):17-22.
[24]叶协锋,杨超,李正,等.绿肥对植烟土壤酶活性及土壤肥力的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(2):445-454.
[2]Paz Jimenez M D,Horra A M,Peuzzo L,et a1.Soil quality:a new index based on microbiological and biochemical parameters[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,2002,35:302-306.
[3]孙景生,康绍忠,蔡焕杰.控制性交替灌溉技术的研究进展[J].农业工程学报,2001,17(4):1-5.
[4]Clinto C S,Erik B G F,Lamont D S.Defcit irrigation for optimum alfalfa seed yield and quality[J].Agronomy Journal,2007,99:992-998.
[5]Liu M,Tanaka M,Tanaka A.Application of porous ceramic pipes in vegetable cultivation(Part 2):controlling soil temperature by circulating warm water in a buried porous ceramic pipeline[J].Journal of Society of High Technology in Agriculture,2000,12(4):232-241.
[6]Liu M,Tanaka A,Tanaka M.Application of porous ceramic pipes in vegetable cultivation(Part 1):development of autocontrolled irrigation system with negative pressure[J].Journal of Society of High Techology in Agriculture,2000,12(3):182-189.
[7]刘明池.负压自动灌水蔬菜栽培系统的建立与应用[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2001.
[8]肖海强,刘学勇,龙怀玉,等.土壤水势对烤烟生长及其耗水特性的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2015,36(1):35-41.
[9]许高平,王璞,薛绪掌,等.负压控水下不同株型玉米水分利用效率和产量的盆栽试验[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(15):148-156.
[10]李邵,耿伟,薛绪掌,等.日光温室负压自动灌溉下番茄蒸腾规律研究[J].节水灌溉,2008,(1):25-28.
[11]徐凌飞,韩清芳,吴中营,等.清耕和生草梨园土壤酶活性的空间变化[J].中国农业科学,2010,43(23):4977-4982.
[12]武晓森,周晓琳,曹凤明,等.不同施肥处理对玉米产量及土壤酶活性的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2015,(1):44-49.
[13]田永强,曹之富,张雪艳,等.不同农艺措施下温室土壤酶活性的动态变化及其相关性分析[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2009,15(4):857-864.
[14]刘来,黄保健,孙锦,等.大棚辣椒连作土壤微生物数量、酶活性与土壤肥力的关系[J].中国土壤与肥料,2013,(2):5-10.
[15]邱莉萍,刘军,王益权,等.土壤酶活性与土壤肥力的关系研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2004,10(3):277-280.
[16]Sakorn P P.Urease activity and fertility status of some lowland rice soils in the central plain[J].Thai J Agric Sci,1987,20:173-186.
[17]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析(第三版)[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1997.
[18]杨兰芳,曾巧,李海波,等.紫外分光光度法测定土壤过氧化氢酶活性[J].土壤通报,2011,(1):207-210.
[19]丰骁,段建平,蒲小鹏,等.土壤脲酶活性两种测定方法的比较[J].草原与草坪,2008,(2):70-72.
[20]关松荫.土壤酶及其研究法[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1986.
[21]周礼恺.土壤酶学[M].北京:科学出版社,1987.
[22]赵兰坡,姜岩.土壤磷酸酶活性测定方法的探讨[C].//中国土壤学会土壤有机质和有机肥料学术会议论文集.泰安:中国土壤学会,1988.125-129.
[23]邹朝望,薛绪掌,张仁铎,等.负水头灌溉原理与装置[J].农业工程学报,2007,23(11):17-22.
[24]叶协锋,杨超,李正,等.绿肥对植烟土壤酶活性及土壤肥力的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(2):445-454.