技术创新抑或技术无效:高新产业技术、规模和效率
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摘要
高新产业发展越来越成为衡量制造业是否具备竞争力的重要标志。在产业转型升级大背景下,中国高新产业近况值得关注。以省份为研究对象,利用DEA拓展模型探究了各地区高新产业的技术效率和规模效率,结果表明2015年至2017年部分地区高新产业的纯技术效率较高,技术创新显现一定的效果。总体而言,高新产业技术无效状况明显,技术创新活动的纯技术效率和规模效率是影响中国高新产业效率的重要因素。以江苏省高新产业为例,利用效率值进一步分析不同高新行业的规模效率和拥挤迹象。提出技术创新是重中之重,与此同时,高新产业必须走集约型、内涵式的发展道路。
The development of high-tech industry has increasingly become an important indicator of the competitiveness of manufacturing industry. In the context of industrial transformation and upgrading, the recent situation of China's high-tech industries deserves our attention. Taking provinces as the research object, this paper explores the technological efficiency and scale efficiency of high-tech industries in different regions by using DEA expansion model. The results show that the pure technological efficiency of high-tech industries in some regions is higher from 2015 to 2017, and technological innovation shows certain effects. Generally speaking, the technology inefficiency of high-tech industries is obvious. The pure technology efficiency and scale efficiency of technological innovation activities are the important factors affecting the efficiency of China's high-tech industries.Taking the high-tech industries in Jiangsu Province as an example, the use efficiency value further analyses the scale efficiency and congestion signs of different high-tech industries. It is pointed out that technological innovation is the top priority. At the same time, the high-tech industry must take an intensive and connotative development path.
The development of high-tech industry has increasingly become an important indicator of the competitiveness of manufacturing industry. In the context of industrial transformation and upgrading, the recent situation of China's high-tech industries deserves our attention. Taking provinces as the research object, this paper explores the technological efficiency and scale efficiency of high-tech industries in different regions by using DEA expansion model. The results show that the pure technological efficiency of high-tech industries in some regions is higher from 2015 to 2017, and technological innovation shows certain effects. Generally speaking, the technology inefficiency of high-tech industries is obvious. The pure technology efficiency and scale efficiency of technological innovation activities are the important factors affecting the efficiency of China's high-tech industries.Taking the high-tech industries in Jiangsu Province as an example, the use efficiency value further analyses the scale efficiency and congestion signs of different high-tech industries. It is pointed out that technological innovation is the top priority. At the same time, the high-tech industry must take an intensive and connotative development path.
引文
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[14]陈凯华,官建成,寇明婷.中国高技术产业“高产出、低效益”的症结与对策研究-基于技术创新效率角度的探索[J].管理评论,2012,24(4):53-66.
[15]韩松.DEA方法进行规模收益分析的几点注记[J].数学的实践与认识,2003,33(7):65-71.
[16]王玲,SZIRMAI ADAM.高技术产业技术投入和生产率增长之间关系的研究[J].经济学,2008,7(3):913-933.
[17]GRILICHES Z.Patent statistics as economic indicators:a survey[J].Journal of Economic Literature,1990,28(4):1661-1707.
[18]Liu X H,BUCK T.Innovation performance and channels for international technology spillovers:evidence from Chinese high-tech industries[J].Research Policy,2007,36(3):355-366.
[2]朱振锴,项歌德.高技术产业增加值率偏低原因探析——以上海、江苏和浙江比较为例[J].中国科技论坛,2013(4):41-47.
[3]沈坤荣,徐礼伯.美国“再工业化”与江苏产业结构转型升级[J].江海学刊,2013(1):219-226.
[4]方福前,张平.我国高技术产业的投入产出效率分析[J].中国软科学,2009(7):48-55.
[5]SOLOW R M.A contribution to the theory of economic growth[J].The Quarterly Journal of Economics,1956,70(1):65-94.
[6]RAAB R A,KOTAMRAJU P.The efficiency of the hightech economy:conventional development indexes versus a performance index[J].Journal of Regional Science,2006,46(3):545-562.
[7]许治,师萍.基于DEA方法的我国科技投入相对效率评价[J].科学学研究,2005(4):481-484.
[8]李健英,慕羊.基于DEA方法的我国上市企业创新绩效研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2015,36(2):111-121.
[9]朱有为,徐康宁.中国高技术产业研发效率的实证研究[J].中国工业经济,2006(11):38-45.
[10]FARRELL M J.The measurement of production efficiency[J].Journal of Royal Statistical society,SeriesA,General,1957,120(3):253-281.
[11]CHARNESS A,COOPER W W,RHODES E.Measuring the efficiency of decision making units[J].European Journal of Operational Research,1978(2):429-444.
[12]BANKER R D,CHARNES A,COOPER W W.Some models for estimating technical and scale inefficiencies in data envelopment analysis[J].Management Science,1984,30(9):1078-1092.
[13]CHARNES A,COOPER W W,GOLANY B,et al.Foundations of data envelopment analysis for Pareto-Koopmans efficient empirical production functions[J].Journal of Economics,1985,30(1):91-107.
[14]陈凯华,官建成,寇明婷.中国高技术产业“高产出、低效益”的症结与对策研究-基于技术创新效率角度的探索[J].管理评论,2012,24(4):53-66.
[15]韩松.DEA方法进行规模收益分析的几点注记[J].数学的实践与认识,2003,33(7):65-71.
[16]王玲,SZIRMAI ADAM.高技术产业技术投入和生产率增长之间关系的研究[J].经济学,2008,7(3):913-933.
[17]GRILICHES Z.Patent statistics as economic indicators:a survey[J].Journal of Economic Literature,1990,28(4):1661-1707.
[18]Liu X H,BUCK T.Innovation performance and channels for international technology spillovers:evidence from Chinese high-tech industries[J].Research Policy,2007,36(3):355-366.