高大凹型结构楼房爆破后坐分析
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摘要
为了避免和预防楼房爆破拆除出现后坐而造成的危害,根据建筑物爆破拆除过程中常出现的后坐现象,总结出3种基本形式:楼房倾而不覆;楼房虽倾覆,但解体和爆破效果差;楼房倾覆,但后坐严重,破坏了需要保护的建(构)筑物。结合高大凹型结构、重心偏离中心线楼房的爆破案例,对楼房爆破拆除的后坐现象进行了分析,产生后坐的原因有结构分析不彻底、延时时间设置不当等等。为此,提出了特殊切口、降低局部强度、控制楼房塌落倾斜加速度、改变起爆方式、减小支撑体与紧邻前部的延时时间等相应的解决措施。爆破案例的爆破效果说明了预防楼房爆破后坐必须从爆破方案设计开始,对整个爆破过程进行周密的预见性分析。分析结果对今后类似楼房的爆破拆除具有借鉴意义。
In order to avoid and prevent the damage caused by the backward collapse of buildings demolition blasting,according to the phenomenon of backward collapse during the building demolition blasting,three basic forms are summarized:buildings tilt but not collapse;although the building is collapse,disintegration and blasting effect is not better;the building is tilt but the backward is seriously,the buildings(structures)that needed protection is destroyed.In combination with a blasting case that large concave structure and the center of gravity deviates from the centerline building.The backward collapse phenomenon of building demolition blasting is analyzed.The reason for the backward collapse is that the structural analysis is not thorough,and the delay time is set incorrectly.So,special incisions is used,local strength is reduced,the collapse acceleration of buildings is controlled,the way of initiation is changed and reducing the delay time between the support body and the immediate front,etc.The blasting effect of the case shows that the prevention of building backward must begin with the design of the project.The entire blasting process predictive is analyzed.The analysis results have implications for demolition of similar buildings in the future.
In order to avoid and prevent the damage caused by the backward collapse of buildings demolition blasting,according to the phenomenon of backward collapse during the building demolition blasting,three basic forms are summarized:buildings tilt but not collapse;although the building is collapse,disintegration and blasting effect is not better;the building is tilt but the backward is seriously,the buildings(structures)that needed protection is destroyed.In combination with a blasting case that large concave structure and the center of gravity deviates from the centerline building.The backward collapse phenomenon of building demolition blasting is analyzed.The reason for the backward collapse is that the structural analysis is not thorough,and the delay time is set incorrectly.So,special incisions is used,local strength is reduced,the collapse acceleration of buildings is controlled,the way of initiation is changed and reducing the delay time between the support body and the immediate front,etc.The blasting effect of the case shows that the prevention of building backward must begin with the design of the project.The entire blasting process predictive is analyzed.The analysis results have implications for demolition of similar buildings in the future.
引文
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[2]齐世福,夏裕帅,谢兴博,等.复杂环境下高大楼房控制爆破技术[J].工程爆破,2015,21(1):20-24.QI S F,XIA Y S,XIE X B,et al.The controlled blasting technique for demolishing a high building in complicated surrounding[J].Engineering Blasting,2015,21(1):20-24.
[3]张志毅.中国工程爆破新技术Ⅵ[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2016.ZHANG Z Y.New technology of blasting engineering ChinaⅥ[M].Beijing:Metallurgical Industry Press,2016.
[4]费鸿禄,刘志东,戴明颖.复杂环境下10层非对称框架结构楼房定向爆破拆除[J].爆破,2015,32(2):89-94.FEI H L,LIU Z D,DAI M Y.Directional explosive demolition of ten-storey dissymmetry building in complicated situation[J].Blasting,2015,32(2):89-94.
[5]魏挺峰,魏晓林,傅建秋.框架和排架爆破拆除的后坐(1)[J].爆破,2008,25(2):13-18.WEI T F,WEI X L,FU J Q.Back sitting of frame&framed bent demolished by blasting(1)[J].Blasting,2008,25(2):13-18.
[6]周俊珍,郑卓渊,徐仲坤,等.定向爆破框架结构楼房时后坐的产生原因及控制措施[J].采矿技术,2007,7(3):116-118.ZHOU J Z,ZHEN Z Y,XU Z K,et al.Causes and control measures of post-recoil in directional blasting frame structure building[J].Mining Technology,2007,7(3):116-118.
[7]叶图强,刘畅,蔡进斌.不允许后坐的建筑物爆破拆除[J].工程爆破,2007,13(1):69-72.YE T Q,LIU C,CAI J B.Blasting demolition of a building without backlash[J].Engineering Blasting,2007,13(1):69-72.
[8]汪旭光.爆破设计与施工[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2014:224-245.WANG X G.The design and construction of blasting[M].Beijing:Metallurgical Industry Press,2011:224-245.
[9]刘殿中,杨仕春.工程爆破实用手册[M].2版.北京:冶金工业出版社,2003.LIU D Z,YANG S C.Engineering demolition utility manual[M].2nd ed.Beijing:Metallurgical Industry Press,2003.
[10]魏挺峰,魏晓林,傅建秋.减少框架爆破拆除后坐的措施(2)[J].爆破,2009,26(3):32-37.WEI T F,WEI X L,FU J Q.Measures for reducing backward actionin explosive demolition of frame structure(2)[J].Blasting,2009,26(3):32-27.