建筑及城市风道对城市通风的影响
|
摘要
近年来,雾霾问题逐渐成为严重困扰我国北方局部区域人们正常工作和生活的因素之一。为了解决雾霾问题和改善城市通风效果,除了减排之外,控制楼房高度、规划建设城市风道也被作为建议见诸报道,其真实效果值得研究。利用建筑结构荷载规范,分析了不同粗糙度类别下不同高度处的风速分布,将田野乡村和城市地貌上的风速进行对比,分析了城市建筑对风速降低的程度,并探讨了城市风道的作用,发现无论是降低城市建筑的高度,还是开辟城市风道,对地表附近风速的增大效果十分有限。
Haze has gradually become one of the most concerned problems in recent years,and has seriously plague the normal work and life of people in northern China.In order to solve haze problem and improve city ventilation,buildings height control and air path construction have been reported as solutions besides carbon emission reduction,while their effects are worth studying.By use of the load code for the design of building structures,wind velocity distribution in different height under different terrain roughness was analyzed.The wind velocity in country and city were compared,and the effect of city buildings on reduction degree of wind velocity was analyzed.Moreover,the effect of air path was discussed.Results show that either reducing the height of urban buildings or opening up urban air ducts,the effect on increasing wind speed near the ground is very limited.
Haze has gradually become one of the most concerned problems in recent years,and has seriously plague the normal work and life of people in northern China.In order to solve haze problem and improve city ventilation,buildings height control and air path construction have been reported as solutions besides carbon emission reduction,while their effects are worth studying.By use of the load code for the design of building structures,wind velocity distribution in different height under different terrain roughness was analyzed.The wind velocity in country and city were compared,and the effect of city buildings on reduction degree of wind velocity was analyzed.Moreover,the effect of air path was discussed.Results show that either reducing the height of urban buildings or opening up urban air ducts,the effect on increasing wind speed near the ground is very limited.
引文
[1]穆泉,张世秋.中国2001—2013年PM2.5重污染的历史变化与健康影响的经济损失评估[J].北京大学学报,2015,51(4):694-704.
[2]高歌.1961—2005年中国霾日气候特征及其变化分析[J].地理学报,2008,63(7):761-768.
[3]孙彧,马振峰,牛涛,等.最近40年中国雾日数和霾日数的气候变化特征[J].气候与环境研究,2013,18(3):397-406.
[4]吴兑,吴晓京,李菲,等.1951—2005年中国大陆霾的时空变化[J].气象学报,2010,68(5):680-688.
[5]李军,荣颖.城市风道及其建设控制设计指引[J].城市问题,2014,16(9):42-47.
[6]席宏正,焦胜,鲁利宇.夏热冬冷地区城市自然通风廊道营造模式研究[J].城乡规划,2010,10(2):106-107.
[7]Kress R.Regionale air exchange processes and their importance for the R·Umliche planning[M].Dortmund:Institute of Environmental Protection of the University of Dortmund,1979.
[8]八都县市首脑会议环境问题对策委员会干事会.“风之道”调查研究—调查报告书[R].日本:八都县市首脑会议环境问题对策委员会干事会,2007.
[9]任超,袁超,何正军,等.城市通风廊道研究及其规划应用[J].城市规划学刊,2014,10(3):52-60.
[10]李军,荣颖.城市风道及其建设控制设计指引[J].城市问题,2014,16(9):42-47.
[11]段昊书,李竞.“城市风道”可引风驱霾[N].中国气象报,2014-07-04.
[12]中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部.GB50009—2012建筑结构荷载规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2012.
[13]中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部.JGJ/T338—2014建筑工程风洞试验方法标准[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2014.
[2]高歌.1961—2005年中国霾日气候特征及其变化分析[J].地理学报,2008,63(7):761-768.
[3]孙彧,马振峰,牛涛,等.最近40年中国雾日数和霾日数的气候变化特征[J].气候与环境研究,2013,18(3):397-406.
[4]吴兑,吴晓京,李菲,等.1951—2005年中国大陆霾的时空变化[J].气象学报,2010,68(5):680-688.
[5]李军,荣颖.城市风道及其建设控制设计指引[J].城市问题,2014,16(9):42-47.
[6]席宏正,焦胜,鲁利宇.夏热冬冷地区城市自然通风廊道营造模式研究[J].城乡规划,2010,10(2):106-107.
[7]Kress R.Regionale air exchange processes and their importance for the R·Umliche planning[M].Dortmund:Institute of Environmental Protection of the University of Dortmund,1979.
[8]八都县市首脑会议环境问题对策委员会干事会.“风之道”调查研究—调查报告书[R].日本:八都县市首脑会议环境问题对策委员会干事会,2007.
[9]任超,袁超,何正军,等.城市通风廊道研究及其规划应用[J].城市规划学刊,2014,10(3):52-60.
[10]李军,荣颖.城市风道及其建设控制设计指引[J].城市问题,2014,16(9):42-47.
[11]段昊书,李竞.“城市风道”可引风驱霾[N].中国气象报,2014-07-04.
[12]中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部.GB50009—2012建筑结构荷载规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2012.
[13]中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部.JGJ/T338—2014建筑工程风洞试验方法标准[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2014.