异重流潜入现象探讨Ⅱ:浑水水槽实验与分析
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摘要
在上篇回顾异重流潜入现象研究中前人水槽实验情况和理论分析成果的基础上,本篇首先对浑水水槽实验测得的潜入点上下游沿程断面上的流速分布、含沙量分布及浑水潜入形成异重流的交界面曲线等数据进行分析,求得不同进槽流量、含沙量的进口水沙条件下潜入点处的密度Froude数Fp判别值;其次考虑潜入点Fp与其下游异重流水深hd等因素的关系,进行水库和引航道异重流潜入的理论分析,应用能量方程、动量方程分析得到忽略掺混的4种Fp与hd/hp的表达式,并与实验数据作比较,两者较接近;再将以往各学者的理论研究Fp的表达式略作推演,获得同本文推导公式近似或相同的公式,以便同本文实验资料进行比较。
This is the second part of the paper which presents the flume test and theoretical analysis re-sults:(1) In the upstream and downstream reaches of the plunge point, the velocity and sediment concen-tration profiles in the longitudinal direction, and the density current interface curves downstream of theplunge point were measured in the flume tests. Also a data analysis of the criterion Fpat the plunge pointwas made.(2) Theoretical analysis of the plunging flow in a reservoir backwater region, and in a naviga-tion guiding channel were investigated, by applying the energy and momentum equations. There are fourequations of Fpat the plunge point as related with hd/hp,which are derived and verified by flume test da-ta.(3) The four equations of Fp=f(hd/hp) were also compared with the theoretical analysis results of Fp,de-rived by different researchers.
This is the second part of the paper which presents the flume test and theoretical analysis re-sults:(1) In the upstream and downstream reaches of the plunge point, the velocity and sediment concen-tration profiles in the longitudinal direction, and the density current interface curves downstream of theplunge point were measured in the flume tests. Also a data analysis of the criterion Fpat the plunge pointwas made.(2) Theoretical analysis of the plunging flow in a reservoir backwater region, and in a naviga-tion guiding channel were investigated, by applying the energy and momentum equations. There are fourequations of Fpat the plunge point as related with hd/hp,which are derived and verified by flume test da-ta.(3) The four equations of Fp=f(hd/hp) were also compared with the theoretical analysis results of Fp,de-rived by different researchers.
引文
[1]范家骅,祁伟,戴清.异重流潜入现象探讨Ⅰ:水槽实验与理论分析成果回顾[J].水利学报,2018,49(4):404-418.
[2]FAN Jiahua.Density currents in reservoirs[C]//Workshop on Management of Reservoir Sedimentation.New Delhi,1991.
[3]范家骅,等.异重流运动的实验研究[J].水利学报,1959(5):30-48.
[4]STEFAN H,JOHNSON T.Negative buoyant flow in diverging channel.Ⅲ.Onset of underflow[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1989,115(4):423-436.
[5]AKIYAMA J,STEFAN H.Onset of underflow in slightly diverging channels[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering-Asce,1987,113(7):825-844.
[6]钱宁,万兆惠.泥沙运动力学[M].北京:科学出版社,1983.
[7]张瑞瑾.河流泥沙动力学[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,1998.
[8]韩其为.水库淤积[M].北京:科学出版社,2003.
[9]水利部水利水电规划设计总院.水工设计手册(第2版)第2卷:规划、水文、地质[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2014.
[10]涂启华,扬赉斐.泥沙设计手册[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2006.
[11]曹如轩.高含沙异重流的实验研究[J].水利学报,1983(2):49-57.
[12]侯素珍,焦恩泽.小浪底水库异重流有关问题分析[J].水利学报,2003(6):11-14.
[13]李涛,夏军强,张俊华,等.水库异重流潜入点流速分布及其判别式改进[J].工程科学与技术,2017,49(2):62-68.
[14]李涛,张俊华,马怀宝,等.异重流潜入重力修正系数研究[J].人民黄河,2012,34(7):28-29.
[15]赵琴,李嘉.浑水异重流潜入理论模型及影响因素研究[J].泥沙研究,2012(1):58-62.
[16]李书霞,夏军强,张俊华,等.水库浑水异重流潜入点判别条件[J].水科学进展,2012,23(3):363-368.
[17]朱素会,耿胜安,王德军.小浪底水库异重流潜入点区特性分析[J].华北水利水电学院学报,2011,32(2):23-25.
[18]解河海,张金良,王少波.水库异重流潜入点深度预测模型[J].中国农村水利水电,2010(5):61-64.
[19]高亚军,陆永军,李国斌.黄河小浪底库区高含沙异重流的运动过程分析[J].水利水运工程学报,2008(2):60-66.
[20]李涛,谈广鸣,张俊华,等.水库异重流研究进展[J].中国农村水利水电,2006(9):21-24.
[21]范家骅.伴有局部掺混的异重流水跃[J].水利学报,2005,36(2):135-140.
[22]von KARMAN T.The engineer grapples with non-linear problems[J].Bull.Am.Math.Soc.,1940(46):615-683.
[23]姚鹏,王兴奎.异重流潜入规律研究[J].水利学报,1996(8):77-83.
[24]姚鹏.异重流运动的试验研究[D].北京:清华大学,1994.
[25]O'BRIEN M P,CHERNO J.Model law for motion of salt water through fresh[J].Trans.ASCE,1934(99):576-594.
[26]ABRAHAM G.Reference Notes on Density Currents and Transport Processes[R].Delft,1975.
[27]YIH C S.A study of the characteristics of gravity waves at a liquid surface[D].Iowa:State Univ.of Iowa,1947.
[28]KERSEY D G,HSüK.Energy relations of density current flows:an experimental investigation[J].Sedimentology,1976(23):761-789.
[29]BENJAMIN T B.Gravity current and related phenoma[J].J.Fluid Mech.1968(31):209-248.
[30]SINGH B,SHAH C R.Plunging phenomenon of density currents in reservoirs[J].La Houille Blanche,1971,1(26):59-64.
[31]SAVAGE S B,BRIMBERG J.Analysis of plunging phenomena in water reservoirs[J].J.Hydraul.Res.,1975,13(2):187-205.
[32]JAIN S C.Plunging phenomena in reservoirs[C]//Proc.Symp.On Surface Water Impoundments,Minnesota:Minneapolis,1981.
[33]EGASHIRA S,ASHIDA K.Condition that suspended load plunges to form gravity current[C]//19th Proc.of the Conference on Natural Disaster Science.Japan:1978.
[34]朱鹏程.异重流的形成与衰减[J].水利学报,1981(5):52-59.
[35]曹如轩,任晓枫,卢文新.高含沙异重流的形成与持续条件分析[J].泥沙研究,1984(2):1-10.
[36]方春明,韩其为,何明民.异重流潜入条件分析及立面二维数值模拟[J].泥沙研究,1997(4):68-75.
[37]AKIYAMA J,STEFAN H.Theory of plunging flow into a reservoir:Internal memoratum[R].St.Anthony Falls Hydraulic Lab.,Univ.of Minnesota,1981.
[38]AKIYAMA J,STEFAN H.Plunging flow into a reservoir:theory[J].J.Hydraul.Eng.,1984,110(4):484-499.
[39]PARKER G,TONIOLO H.Note on the analysis of plunging of density flows[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2007,133(6):690-694.
[40]范家骅.浑水异重流水量掺混系数的研究[J].水利学报,2011,42(1):19-26.
[41]俞维升.水库沉滓运动特性之研究[D].台北:台湾大学,1991.
[42]范家骅.异重流交界面波动失稳条件[J].水利学报,2010,41(7):849-855.
[2]FAN Jiahua.Density currents in reservoirs[C]//Workshop on Management of Reservoir Sedimentation.New Delhi,1991.
[3]范家骅,等.异重流运动的实验研究[J].水利学报,1959(5):30-48.
[4]STEFAN H,JOHNSON T.Negative buoyant flow in diverging channel.Ⅲ.Onset of underflow[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1989,115(4):423-436.
[5]AKIYAMA J,STEFAN H.Onset of underflow in slightly diverging channels[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering-Asce,1987,113(7):825-844.
[6]钱宁,万兆惠.泥沙运动力学[M].北京:科学出版社,1983.
[7]张瑞瑾.河流泥沙动力学[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,1998.
[8]韩其为.水库淤积[M].北京:科学出版社,2003.
[9]水利部水利水电规划设计总院.水工设计手册(第2版)第2卷:规划、水文、地质[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2014.
[10]涂启华,扬赉斐.泥沙设计手册[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2006.
[11]曹如轩.高含沙异重流的实验研究[J].水利学报,1983(2):49-57.
[12]侯素珍,焦恩泽.小浪底水库异重流有关问题分析[J].水利学报,2003(6):11-14.
[13]李涛,夏军强,张俊华,等.水库异重流潜入点流速分布及其判别式改进[J].工程科学与技术,2017,49(2):62-68.
[14]李涛,张俊华,马怀宝,等.异重流潜入重力修正系数研究[J].人民黄河,2012,34(7):28-29.
[15]赵琴,李嘉.浑水异重流潜入理论模型及影响因素研究[J].泥沙研究,2012(1):58-62.
[16]李书霞,夏军强,张俊华,等.水库浑水异重流潜入点判别条件[J].水科学进展,2012,23(3):363-368.
[17]朱素会,耿胜安,王德军.小浪底水库异重流潜入点区特性分析[J].华北水利水电学院学报,2011,32(2):23-25.
[18]解河海,张金良,王少波.水库异重流潜入点深度预测模型[J].中国农村水利水电,2010(5):61-64.
[19]高亚军,陆永军,李国斌.黄河小浪底库区高含沙异重流的运动过程分析[J].水利水运工程学报,2008(2):60-66.
[20]李涛,谈广鸣,张俊华,等.水库异重流研究进展[J].中国农村水利水电,2006(9):21-24.
[21]范家骅.伴有局部掺混的异重流水跃[J].水利学报,2005,36(2):135-140.
[22]von KARMAN T.The engineer grapples with non-linear problems[J].Bull.Am.Math.Soc.,1940(46):615-683.
[23]姚鹏,王兴奎.异重流潜入规律研究[J].水利学报,1996(8):77-83.
[24]姚鹏.异重流运动的试验研究[D].北京:清华大学,1994.
[25]O'BRIEN M P,CHERNO J.Model law for motion of salt water through fresh[J].Trans.ASCE,1934(99):576-594.
[26]ABRAHAM G.Reference Notes on Density Currents and Transport Processes[R].Delft,1975.
[27]YIH C S.A study of the characteristics of gravity waves at a liquid surface[D].Iowa:State Univ.of Iowa,1947.
[28]KERSEY D G,HSüK.Energy relations of density current flows:an experimental investigation[J].Sedimentology,1976(23):761-789.
[29]BENJAMIN T B.Gravity current and related phenoma[J].J.Fluid Mech.1968(31):209-248.
[30]SINGH B,SHAH C R.Plunging phenomenon of density currents in reservoirs[J].La Houille Blanche,1971,1(26):59-64.
[31]SAVAGE S B,BRIMBERG J.Analysis of plunging phenomena in water reservoirs[J].J.Hydraul.Res.,1975,13(2):187-205.
[32]JAIN S C.Plunging phenomena in reservoirs[C]//Proc.Symp.On Surface Water Impoundments,Minnesota:Minneapolis,1981.
[33]EGASHIRA S,ASHIDA K.Condition that suspended load plunges to form gravity current[C]//19th Proc.of the Conference on Natural Disaster Science.Japan:1978.
[34]朱鹏程.异重流的形成与衰减[J].水利学报,1981(5):52-59.
[35]曹如轩,任晓枫,卢文新.高含沙异重流的形成与持续条件分析[J].泥沙研究,1984(2):1-10.
[36]方春明,韩其为,何明民.异重流潜入条件分析及立面二维数值模拟[J].泥沙研究,1997(4):68-75.
[37]AKIYAMA J,STEFAN H.Theory of plunging flow into a reservoir:Internal memoratum[R].St.Anthony Falls Hydraulic Lab.,Univ.of Minnesota,1981.
[38]AKIYAMA J,STEFAN H.Plunging flow into a reservoir:theory[J].J.Hydraul.Eng.,1984,110(4):484-499.
[39]PARKER G,TONIOLO H.Note on the analysis of plunging of density flows[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2007,133(6):690-694.
[40]范家骅.浑水异重流水量掺混系数的研究[J].水利学报,2011,42(1):19-26.
[41]俞维升.水库沉滓运动特性之研究[D].台北:台湾大学,1991.
[42]范家骅.异重流交界面波动失稳条件[J].水利学报,2010,41(7):849-855.