布迪厄社会学理论观照下的翻译现象剖析——以徐光启、利玛窦翻译《几何原本》为例
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摘要
本文通过细读布迪厄社会学理论中关于"场域""惯习"和"资本"的阐述,依托《几何原本》译介个案,展开对翻译过程中译者与其他参与者(参与集团)之间相互关系与作用的深度分析。文章立足描述翻译学,深入剖析明末清初这一典型中外译者合作模式,试图从更接近于翻译本质属性的角度揭示翻译与社会、翻译与文化之间的良性互动关系。
Taking "field", "habitus" and "capital" in Bourdieusian theory as its theoretical underpinning, this paper offers a historical and descriptive review of the translation of Euclid's Elements of Geometry by Xu Guangqi and Matteo Ricci. On analyzing the translators in the framework of historical background and of sociological context, this paper makes efforts to throw some epistemological and methodological light on revealing the connection of translation, subjectivity, society as well as culture.
Taking "field", "habitus" and "capital" in Bourdieusian theory as its theoretical underpinning, this paper offers a historical and descriptive review of the translation of Euclid's Elements of Geometry by Xu Guangqi and Matteo Ricci. On analyzing the translators in the framework of historical background and of sociological context, this paper makes efforts to throw some epistemological and methodological light on revealing the connection of translation, subjectivity, society as well as culture.
引文
Bao,Yaming.Cultural Capital and Social Alchemy:An Interview with Bourdieu.Shanghai People’s Publishing,1997.[包亚明:《文化资本与社会炼金术--布尔迪厄访谈录》。上海:上海人民出版社,1997。]
Bourdieu,Pierre.“The Forms of Capital.”Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Education,edtied by J.G.Richardson,Greenwood,1986,pp.241-58.
Guo,Xiwei.“A Discussion about the Missionary Method of Matteo Ricci.”Studies in World Religions,no.1,1995,pp.24-35.[郭熹微:《试论利玛窦的传教方式》,载《世界宗教研究》1995年第1期,第24-35页。]
Holmes,James S.“The Name and Nature of Translation Studies.”Translated!Papers on Literary Translation and Translation Studies,edtied by James S.Holmes,Rodopi,1988/1972,pp.67-80.
Lefevere,André.Translation/History/Culture:A Source Book.Routledge,1992.
--.“Translation Practice(s)and the Circulation of Cultural Capital.”Constructing Cultures:Essays on Literary Translation, edited by Susan Bassnett and AndréLefevere,Multilingual Matters,1998,pp.41-56.
Li,Hongman.“Bourdieu and the Theoretical Construction of Translational Sociology.”Chinese Translators Journal,no.5,2007,pp.6-9.[李红满:《布迪厄与翻译社会学的理论建构》,载《中国翻译》2007年第5期,第6-9页。]
Liang,Qichao.Academical History of China of the Last Three Hundred Years.Chung Hwa Book,1958.[梁启超:《中国近三百年学术史》。台湾:台湾中华书局,1958。]
--.On the Translation of Books(The Collected Works from the Ice-Drinker’s Studio Volume I.Zhonghua Book Company,1989.[梁启超:《论译书(饮冰室文集之一)》。上海:中华书局,1989。]
Ma,Zuyi.A History of Translation in China.Hubei Education,2006.[马祖毅:《中国翻译通史》。武汉:湖北教育出版社,2006。]
Mei,Xiaojuan,and Xiaoguang Zhou.“Matteo Ricci’s Selection of Source Texts and Strategies in His Translation of Western Learning:A Perspective from the Linguistic Adaptation Theory.”Chinese Translators Journal,no.2,2008,pp.26-29.[梅晓娟、周晓光:《选择、顺应、翻译--从语言顺应论角度看利玛窦西学译著的选材与翻译策略》,载《中国翻译》2008年第2期,第26-29页。]
Needham,Joseph.Science and Civilization in China(Vol.4).Translated by the Translation Team of Science and Civilization in China.Science,1975.[李约瑟:《中国科学技术史(第四卷)》,《中国科学技术史》翻译组译。北京:科学出版社,1975。]
Ricci,Matteo.“Preface of Euclid’s Elements.”Collection of Chinese Works by Matteo Ricci,edited by Weizheng Zhu,Fudan UP,2001,pp.298-302.[利玛窦:《译几何原本引》,载朱维铮编《利玛窦中文著译集》(上海:复旦大学出版社,2001),第298-302页。]
Simeoni,Daniel.“The Pivotal Status of the Translator’s Habitus.”Target,vol.10,no.1,1998,pp.1-39.
Shen,Dingping.History of Cultural Exchange between China and the West during the Ming and Qing Dynasties:Ming Dynasty:Adjustment and Communication(revised edition).The Commercial Press,2007.[沈定平:《明清之际中西文化交流史--明代:调适与会通(增订本)》。北京:商务印书馆,2007。]
Shu,Renhua,and Xiaoguang Zhou.“On Matteo Ricci’s Cultural Accommodation Strategy.”Academic,no.5,2010,pp.134-40.[疏仁华、周晓光:《论利玛窦的文化适应策略》,载《学术界》2010年第5期,第134-40页。]
Wang,Hongtao.The Disciplinary Construction and Cultural Turn of Translation Studies.Shanghai Translation,2008.[王洪涛:《翻译学的学科建构与文化转向》。上海:上海译文出版社,2008。]
--.“Socio-Translation Studies:The Name and Nature of a Discipline under Construction.”Chinese Translators Journal,no.1,2011,pp.14-18.[王洪涛:《建构“社会翻译学”:名与实的辨析》,载《中国翻译》2011年第1期,第14-18页。]
Wang,Yusong.“Causal Analysis of Some Chinese People’s Convert to Catholicism in the Late Ming Dynasty and the Early Qing Dynasty.”Journal of Qiqihar University(Philosophy&Social Science Edition),no.1,2011,pp.90-92.[王玉松:《明末清初部分华人皈依天主教原因分析》,载《齐齐哈尔大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2011年第1期,第90-92页。]
Wang,Yuechen.“English Abstracts of Major Papers in This Issue Translation through a Bourdieusian Sociological Lens.”Chinese Translators Journal,no.1,2011,pp.5-13.[王悦晨:《从社会学角度看翻译现象:布迪厄社会学理论关键词解读》,载《中国翻译》2011年第1期,第5-13页。]
Wang,Chih-hung.“Cultural Politics and Quality Control Issues in Translation.”Cultural Studies in Taiwan,edited by Guangxing Chen,Ju Liu Publishing of Tai Pei,2000,pp.128-36.[王志弘:《翻译的文化政治与品管问题》,载陈光兴编《文化研究在台湾》(台北:巨流出版公司,2000),第128-36页。]
--.“The Problematic of Self-other Relationships in Translationships in Translation Studies.”Collection of Translation Studies,no.6,2001,pp.1-25.[王志弘:《翻译的自我与他者问题》,载《翻译学研究集刊》2001年第6辑,第1-25页。]
--.“Cultural Politics of Academic Translation:A Preliminary Study of Taiwanese Sociology Translation from 1949 to2000.”Journal of Shih Hsin University,no.11,2001,pp.1-50.[王志弘:《学术翻译的文化政治:1949-2000台湾社会学类译作初探》,载《世新大学学报》2001年第11期,第1-50页。]
Wu,Guangjun.“The Status Quo and the Limitations of the Sociology of Translation Studies.”Journal of Foreign Languages,no.1,2008,pp.75-82.[武光军:《翻译社会学研究的现状与问题》,载《外国语》2008第1期,第75-82页。]
Xing,Jie.“Translators’‘Habitus’:A New Perspective on Descriptive Translation Studies.”Chinese Translators Journal,no.5,2007,pp.10-15.[邢杰:《译者“思维习惯”--描述翻译学研究新视角》,载《中国翻译》2007年第5期,第10-15页。]
Xu,Guangqi.“Governance Draft 2·Almanac.”Collected Works of Xu Guangqi(Vol.2),annotated and proofread by Chongmin Wang.Zhonghua Book Company,1963,pp.371-431.[徐光启:《治历疏稿二·历书总目表》,载王重民辑校《徐光启集(下册)》(北京:中华书局,1963),第371-431页。]
--.“Discussion on Euclid’s Elements.”Collected Works of Xu Guangqi,annotated and proofread by Chongmin Wang.Shanghai Classics,1984,p.76.[徐光启:《几何原本杂议》,载王重民辑校《徐光启集》(上海:上海古籍出版社,1984),第76页。]
Xu,Jun.“The Choice in Translation.”Journal of Foreign Languages,no.1,2002,pp.62-69.[许钧:《论翻译之选择》,载《外国语》2002年第1期,第62-69页。]
--.On Translation.Hubei Education,2003.[许钧:《翻译论》。武汉:湖北教育出版社,2003。]
Xu,Jun,and Lei Mu.Translation Studies in China(1949-2009),Shanghai Foreign Language Education,2009.[许钧、穆雷:《中国翻译研究(1949-2009)》,上海:上海外语教育出版社,2009。]
Yu,Jiale.Social Studies of Translation.Shanghai Translation,2006.[俞佳乐:《翻译的社会性研究》。上海:上海译文出版社,2006。]
Zhu,Weiyu.“Transcending the Binary Opposition of Subjective and Objective:Bourdieu’s Sociological Epistemology and His Concept of‘Habitus’.”Zhejiang Academic Journal,no.3,2005,pp.174-78.[朱伟珏:《超越主客观二元对立--布迪厄的社会学认识论与他的“惯习”概念》,载《浙江学刊》2005第3期,第174-78页。]
Bourdieu,Pierre.“The Forms of Capital.”Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Education,edtied by J.G.Richardson,Greenwood,1986,pp.241-58.
Guo,Xiwei.“A Discussion about the Missionary Method of Matteo Ricci.”Studies in World Religions,no.1,1995,pp.24-35.[郭熹微:《试论利玛窦的传教方式》,载《世界宗教研究》1995年第1期,第24-35页。]
Holmes,James S.“The Name and Nature of Translation Studies.”Translated!Papers on Literary Translation and Translation Studies,edtied by James S.Holmes,Rodopi,1988/1972,pp.67-80.
Lefevere,André.Translation/History/Culture:A Source Book.Routledge,1992.
--.“Translation Practice(s)and the Circulation of Cultural Capital.”Constructing Cultures:Essays on Literary Translation, edited by Susan Bassnett and AndréLefevere,Multilingual Matters,1998,pp.41-56.
Li,Hongman.“Bourdieu and the Theoretical Construction of Translational Sociology.”Chinese Translators Journal,no.5,2007,pp.6-9.[李红满:《布迪厄与翻译社会学的理论建构》,载《中国翻译》2007年第5期,第6-9页。]
Liang,Qichao.Academical History of China of the Last Three Hundred Years.Chung Hwa Book,1958.[梁启超:《中国近三百年学术史》。台湾:台湾中华书局,1958。]
--.On the Translation of Books(The Collected Works from the Ice-Drinker’s Studio Volume I.Zhonghua Book Company,1989.[梁启超:《论译书(饮冰室文集之一)》。上海:中华书局,1989。]
Ma,Zuyi.A History of Translation in China.Hubei Education,2006.[马祖毅:《中国翻译通史》。武汉:湖北教育出版社,2006。]
Mei,Xiaojuan,and Xiaoguang Zhou.“Matteo Ricci’s Selection of Source Texts and Strategies in His Translation of Western Learning:A Perspective from the Linguistic Adaptation Theory.”Chinese Translators Journal,no.2,2008,pp.26-29.[梅晓娟、周晓光:《选择、顺应、翻译--从语言顺应论角度看利玛窦西学译著的选材与翻译策略》,载《中国翻译》2008年第2期,第26-29页。]
Needham,Joseph.Science and Civilization in China(Vol.4).Translated by the Translation Team of Science and Civilization in China.Science,1975.[李约瑟:《中国科学技术史(第四卷)》,《中国科学技术史》翻译组译。北京:科学出版社,1975。]
Ricci,Matteo.“Preface of Euclid’s Elements.”Collection of Chinese Works by Matteo Ricci,edited by Weizheng Zhu,Fudan UP,2001,pp.298-302.[利玛窦:《译几何原本引》,载朱维铮编《利玛窦中文著译集》(上海:复旦大学出版社,2001),第298-302页。]
Simeoni,Daniel.“The Pivotal Status of the Translator’s Habitus.”Target,vol.10,no.1,1998,pp.1-39.
Shen,Dingping.History of Cultural Exchange between China and the West during the Ming and Qing Dynasties:Ming Dynasty:Adjustment and Communication(revised edition).The Commercial Press,2007.[沈定平:《明清之际中西文化交流史--明代:调适与会通(增订本)》。北京:商务印书馆,2007。]
Shu,Renhua,and Xiaoguang Zhou.“On Matteo Ricci’s Cultural Accommodation Strategy.”Academic,no.5,2010,pp.134-40.[疏仁华、周晓光:《论利玛窦的文化适应策略》,载《学术界》2010年第5期,第134-40页。]
Wang,Hongtao.The Disciplinary Construction and Cultural Turn of Translation Studies.Shanghai Translation,2008.[王洪涛:《翻译学的学科建构与文化转向》。上海:上海译文出版社,2008。]
--.“Socio-Translation Studies:The Name and Nature of a Discipline under Construction.”Chinese Translators Journal,no.1,2011,pp.14-18.[王洪涛:《建构“社会翻译学”:名与实的辨析》,载《中国翻译》2011年第1期,第14-18页。]
Wang,Yusong.“Causal Analysis of Some Chinese People’s Convert to Catholicism in the Late Ming Dynasty and the Early Qing Dynasty.”Journal of Qiqihar University(Philosophy&Social Science Edition),no.1,2011,pp.90-92.[王玉松:《明末清初部分华人皈依天主教原因分析》,载《齐齐哈尔大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2011年第1期,第90-92页。]
Wang,Yuechen.“English Abstracts of Major Papers in This Issue Translation through a Bourdieusian Sociological Lens.”Chinese Translators Journal,no.1,2011,pp.5-13.[王悦晨:《从社会学角度看翻译现象:布迪厄社会学理论关键词解读》,载《中国翻译》2011年第1期,第5-13页。]
Wang,Chih-hung.“Cultural Politics and Quality Control Issues in Translation.”Cultural Studies in Taiwan,edited by Guangxing Chen,Ju Liu Publishing of Tai Pei,2000,pp.128-36.[王志弘:《翻译的文化政治与品管问题》,载陈光兴编《文化研究在台湾》(台北:巨流出版公司,2000),第128-36页。]
--.“The Problematic of Self-other Relationships in Translationships in Translation Studies.”Collection of Translation Studies,no.6,2001,pp.1-25.[王志弘:《翻译的自我与他者问题》,载《翻译学研究集刊》2001年第6辑,第1-25页。]
--.“Cultural Politics of Academic Translation:A Preliminary Study of Taiwanese Sociology Translation from 1949 to2000.”Journal of Shih Hsin University,no.11,2001,pp.1-50.[王志弘:《学术翻译的文化政治:1949-2000台湾社会学类译作初探》,载《世新大学学报》2001年第11期,第1-50页。]
Wu,Guangjun.“The Status Quo and the Limitations of the Sociology of Translation Studies.”Journal of Foreign Languages,no.1,2008,pp.75-82.[武光军:《翻译社会学研究的现状与问题》,载《外国语》2008第1期,第75-82页。]
Xing,Jie.“Translators’‘Habitus’:A New Perspective on Descriptive Translation Studies.”Chinese Translators Journal,no.5,2007,pp.10-15.[邢杰:《译者“思维习惯”--描述翻译学研究新视角》,载《中国翻译》2007年第5期,第10-15页。]
Xu,Guangqi.“Governance Draft 2·Almanac.”Collected Works of Xu Guangqi(Vol.2),annotated and proofread by Chongmin Wang.Zhonghua Book Company,1963,pp.371-431.[徐光启:《治历疏稿二·历书总目表》,载王重民辑校《徐光启集(下册)》(北京:中华书局,1963),第371-431页。]
--.“Discussion on Euclid’s Elements.”Collected Works of Xu Guangqi,annotated and proofread by Chongmin Wang.Shanghai Classics,1984,p.76.[徐光启:《几何原本杂议》,载王重民辑校《徐光启集》(上海:上海古籍出版社,1984),第76页。]
Xu,Jun.“The Choice in Translation.”Journal of Foreign Languages,no.1,2002,pp.62-69.[许钧:《论翻译之选择》,载《外国语》2002年第1期,第62-69页。]
--.On Translation.Hubei Education,2003.[许钧:《翻译论》。武汉:湖北教育出版社,2003。]
Xu,Jun,and Lei Mu.Translation Studies in China(1949-2009),Shanghai Foreign Language Education,2009.[许钧、穆雷:《中国翻译研究(1949-2009)》,上海:上海外语教育出版社,2009。]
Yu,Jiale.Social Studies of Translation.Shanghai Translation,2006.[俞佳乐:《翻译的社会性研究》。上海:上海译文出版社,2006。]
Zhu,Weiyu.“Transcending the Binary Opposition of Subjective and Objective:Bourdieu’s Sociological Epistemology and His Concept of‘Habitus’.”Zhejiang Academic Journal,no.3,2005,pp.174-78.[朱伟珏:《超越主客观二元对立--布迪厄的社会学认识论与他的“惯习”概念》,载《浙江学刊》2005第3期,第174-78页。]