催化裂化后反应系统快分的研究进展
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摘要
催化裂化后反应系统对装置的产品收率、分布和长周期运转具有重要的意义,提升管出口快分是后反应系统的核心装备。对近年来我国催化裂化后反应系统快分的基础研究、开发和工业化进行了回顾,对关键几何结构和尺寸对不同类型快分内两相流场、分离效率和压降的影响进行了总结和分析。为减少油剂接触时间并尽快引出油气,将提升管出口粗旋和一个预汽提器耦合起来并形成了FSC和CSC系统。系统内设置了多个内构件以消除旋进涡核的摆动效应并减弱底部预汽提蒸汽对旋分流场的影响。针对内提升管进而提出了包含旋流头和封闭罩的VQS系统。优化结果表明,带有向下旋转的长臂的旋流头具有更加优越的性能。此外,数值模拟结果显示在臂出口存在严重的短路流现象,导致分离效率显著下降。为解决这一问题,增设了一个环形盖板和隔流筒,从而形成了SVQS系统。结果表明,对平均粒径18μm的滑石粉SVQS系统的分离效率提高了约30%,与此同时压降仅增加不到400 Pa。为了进一步缩短油剂在分离器内的分离时间,提出了一种新型SRTS快分,该快分能够将分离时间缩短到1 s以内,与此同时分离效率仅略低于旋风分离器。
A post-riser system in RFCC unit has a significant influence on product yield and distribution, as well as long term operation of the unit. Quick separators are the core equipment of the system. The fundamental research, development and commercialization of quick separators of post-riser system in China were reviewed. The influence of key geometric configuration and size on the two-phase flow field, separation efficiency and pressure drop were also analyzed and discussed. In order to reduce the contact time of catalyst and oil gas and to discharge oil gas as soon as quickly, a rough cut cyclone was coupled with a pre-stripper. Internals were mounted in the system, which were also called FSC and CSC system, to diminish the fluctuating processing vortex core and to reduce the influence of pre-stripping steam. Then a post-riser system called VQS was proposed, which included a vortex quick separator and an isolated shell. The study was conducted to optimize the geometric configuration of the separator, and the one with long and downward spiral arms was found to have excellent performance. Furthermore, the simulation results showed that severe short cut flow occurred in the vicinity of the exit of arms, leading to significant drop of separation efficiency. Then, a new system called SVQS was proposed by adding an annular cover and a tube into the system. As a result, the separation efficiency considerably increased about 30% for 18 μm talc, meanwhile the separation pressure drop raised only 400 Pa. In order to reduce the separation time, a quick separator was proposed and optimized. The separation time was reduced to less than 1 s, and separation efficiency was closed to 75% for 44 μm talc, which was slightly lower than separation efficiency of cyclone.
A post-riser system in RFCC unit has a significant influence on product yield and distribution, as well as long term operation of the unit. Quick separators are the core equipment of the system. The fundamental research, development and commercialization of quick separators of post-riser system in China were reviewed. The influence of key geometric configuration and size on the two-phase flow field, separation efficiency and pressure drop were also analyzed and discussed. In order to reduce the contact time of catalyst and oil gas and to discharge oil gas as soon as quickly, a rough cut cyclone was coupled with a pre-stripper. Internals were mounted in the system, which were also called FSC and CSC system, to diminish the fluctuating processing vortex core and to reduce the influence of pre-stripping steam. Then a post-riser system called VQS was proposed, which included a vortex quick separator and an isolated shell. The study was conducted to optimize the geometric configuration of the separator, and the one with long and downward spiral arms was found to have excellent performance. Furthermore, the simulation results showed that severe short cut flow occurred in the vicinity of the exit of arms, leading to significant drop of separation efficiency. Then, a new system called SVQS was proposed by adding an annular cover and a tube into the system. As a result, the separation efficiency considerably increased about 30% for 18 μm talc, meanwhile the separation pressure drop raised only 400 Pa. In order to reduce the separation time, a quick separator was proposed and optimized. The separation time was reduced to less than 1 s, and separation efficiency was closed to 75% for 44 μm talc, which was slightly lower than separation efficiency of cyclone.
引文
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[2]MILLER R B,JOHNSON T E,SANTNER C R,et al.FCC reactor product-catalyst separation:ten years of commercial experience with closed cyclones[C]//Annual Meeting of the National Petroleum Refiners Association(NPRA).Washington DC:National Petroleum Refiners Association,1995.
[3]KRAMBECK F J,SCHATZ K W.Closed reactor FCC system with pro-vision for surge capacity:US4579716[P].1983-09-06.
[4]CETINKAYA I B.Disengager stripper:US5158669[P].1990-11-15.
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[7]卢春喜,徐桂明,卢水根,等.用于催化裂化的预汽提式提升管末端快分系统的研究及工业应用[J].石油炼制与化工,2002,33(1):33-37.LU C X,XU G M,LU S G,et al.Study and application of a pre-stripping separation system for riser termination of FCCs[J].Petroleum Processing and Petrochemicals,2002,33(1):33-37.
[8]卢春喜,刘为民,高金森,等.重油催化裂化反应系统集成技术及应用[J].石化技术与应用,2006,24(1):1-5.LU C X,LIU W M,GAO J S,et al.Integrated technique and application of heavy oil catalytic cracking reaction system[J].Petrochemical Technology&Application,2006,24(1):1-5.
[9]卢春喜,时铭显.国产新型催化裂化提升管出口快分系统[J].石化技术与应用,2007,25(2):142-146.LU C X,SHI M X.Novel catalytic cracking riser termination devices in China[J].Petrochemical Technology&Application,2007,25(2):142-146.
[10]王娟,毛羽,钟安海.FCC沉降器全部空间三维流场的数值模拟[J].石油学报(石油加工),2007,23(5):15-21.WANG J,MAO Y,ZHONG A H.Numerical simulation of 3D turbulent flow in an FCC disengager[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica(Petroleum Processing Section),2007,23(5):15-21.
[11]曹占友,卢春喜,时铭显.催化裂化提升管末端旋流式快速分离系统的研究[J].石油炼制与化工,1997,28(3):47-51.CAO Z Y,LU C X,SHI M X.Study on a new rough cyclone with a stripper attached[J].Petroleum Processing and Petrochemicals,1997,28(3):47-51.
[12]SHUKLA S K,SHUKLA P,GHOSH P.The effect of modeling of velocity fluctuations on prediction of collection efficiency of cyclone separators[J].Applied Mathematical Modelling,2013,37:5774-5789.
[13]吴小林,王红菊,严超宇,等.旋风分离器旋进涡核的数值模拟[J].化工学报,2007,58(2):383-390.WU X L,WANG H J,YAN C Y,et al.Effect of installation of sticks for stabilizing vortex on restraining PVC in a cyclone separator[J].Journal of Chemical Industry and Engineering(China),2007,58(2):383-390.
[14]闫涛.催化裂化提升管出口新型汽提式粗旋的结构优化与性能研究[D].北京:中国石油大学(北京),1997.YAN T.Optimization and performance of a new type of gas-solid separator on the end of riser[D].Beijing:University of Petroleum,1997.
[15]LIU M X,LU C X,ZHU X M,et al.Bed density and circulation mass flowrate in a novel annulus-lifted gas-solid air loop reactor[J].Chem.Eng.Sci.,2010,65:5830-5840.
[16]刘梦溪,卢春喜,时铭显.气固环流反应器的研究进展[J].化工学报,2013,64(1):116-123.LIU M X,LU C X,SHI M X.Advances in gas-solid airlift loop reactor[J].CIESC Journal,2013,64(1):116-123.
[17]张永民,卢春喜,时铭显.催化裂化新型环流汽提器的大型冷模实验[J].高校化学工程学报,2004,18(3):377-380.ZHANG Y M,LU C X,SHI M X.Large-scale cold pilot experiment on a new annular catalyst stripper for FCC units[J].J.Chem.Eng.of Chinese Univ.,2004,18(3):377-380.
[18]许可为.催化裂化装置采用CSC快分技术改造[J].炼油技术与工程,2005,35(5):11-13.XU K W.Revamping of FCC unit with CSC rapid separation technology[J].Petroleum Refinery Engineering,2005,35(5):11-13.
[19]卢春喜,蔡智,时铭显.催化裂化提升管出口旋流快分-VQS系统的实验研究与工业应用[J].石油学报(石油加工),2004,20(3):24-29.LU C X,CAI Z,SHI M X.Experimental study and industry application of a new vortex quick separation system at FCCU riser outlet[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica(Petroleum Processing Section),2004,20(3):24-29.
[20]孙凤侠.旋流快分系统的流场分析与数值模拟[D].北京:中国石油大学,2004.SUN F X.Flow field analysis and numerical simulation on a vortex separator system[D].Beijing:University of Petroleum,2004.
[21]孙凤侠,卢春喜,时铭显.旋流快分器内气相流场的实验与数值模拟研究[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),2005,29(3):106-111.SUN F X,LU C X,SHI M X.Experiment and numerical simulation of gas flow field in new vortex quick separation system[J].Journal of the University of Petroleum,China,2005,29(3):106-111.
[22]孙凤侠,卢春喜,时铭显.催化裂化沉降器旋流快分器内气体停留时间分布的数值模拟研究[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),2006,30(6):77-82.SUN F X,LU C X,SHI M X.Numerical simulation of gas residence time distribution in vortex quick separator of FCC disengager[J].Journal of the University of Petroleum,China,2006,30(6):77-82.
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