中心对称声矢量圆阵的相干双声源方位估计方法
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摘要
针对水下2个相干目标的远程探测问题,本文提出了一种基于前后向空间平均的声矢量圆阵方位估计方法。该方法根据中心对称声矢量圆阵的结构特性,将声矢量传感器顺序重新排列建立中心对称的阵列形式。利用声压振速联合处理构建声压与振速的互协方差矩阵,引入后向互协方差矩阵,从而通过平均前向和后向矩阵得到前后向平均的互协方差矩阵。采用最小方差无畸变响应波束形成器完成2个相干目标的方位估计。理论分析与仿真结果表明:与声压处理方法、声压振速独立处理方法以及相位模态域声压振速联合处理方法相比,本文所提方法具有较高的角分辨能力、方位估计精度以及较强的噪声抑制能力;相比相位模态域声压振速联合处理方法,该方法可适用的频带范围更宽。试验结果进一步验证了该方法具有较好的相干双目标方位估计能力。
For remote underwater detection of two coherent signals using a circular acoustic vector-sensor array,this paper proposes a new direction-of-arrival estimation method based on the forward-backward spatial averaging algorithm. First,using the centrosymmetric configuration of the circular acoustic vector-sensor arrays,the acoustic vector sensors are reordered to obtain the centrosymmetric array. Based on this,the cross-covariance matrix of the acoustic pressure and particle velocity is constructed as the forward matrix. The backward matrix is then introduced by reversing the forward one,and then the forward-backward cross-covariance matrix is obtained by averaging the forward and backward matrices. Finally,the minimum variance distortionless response beamformer was applied to estimate the direction of arrivals for two coherent signals. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the proposed method has higher angular resolution capability,higher direction-of-arrival estimation accuracy,and stronger noise restriction ability,compared with previous methods such as pressure processing,independent processing of the acoustic pressure and particle velocity,and the combined processing of the acoustic pressure and particle velocity in the phase mode domain.
For remote underwater detection of two coherent signals using a circular acoustic vector-sensor array,this paper proposes a new direction-of-arrival estimation method based on the forward-backward spatial averaging algorithm. First,using the centrosymmetric configuration of the circular acoustic vector-sensor arrays,the acoustic vector sensors are reordered to obtain the centrosymmetric array. Based on this,the cross-covariance matrix of the acoustic pressure and particle velocity is constructed as the forward matrix. The backward matrix is then introduced by reversing the forward one,and then the forward-backward cross-covariance matrix is obtained by averaging the forward and backward matrices. Finally,the minimum variance distortionless response beamformer was applied to estimate the direction of arrivals for two coherent signals. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the proposed method has higher angular resolution capability,higher direction-of-arrival estimation accuracy,and stronger noise restriction ability,compared with previous methods such as pressure processing,independent processing of the acoustic pressure and particle velocity,and the combined processing of the acoustic pressure and particle velocity in the phase mode domain.
引文
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[15]杨德森,朱中锐,时胜国,等.声矢量圆阵相位模态域目标方位估计[J].声学学报,2014,39(1):19-26.YANG Desen,ZHU Zhongrui,SHI Shengguo,et al.Direction-of-arrival estimation based on phase modal space for a uniform circular acoustic vector-sensor array[J].Acta acustica,2014,39(1):19-26.
[16]杨德森,朱中锐,时胜国.矢量圆阵测向方法[J].哈尔滨工程大学学报,2012,33(10):1259-1264.YANG Desen,ZHU Zhongrui,SHI Shengguo.Directionof-arrival estimation for a circular vector-sensor array[J].Journal of Harbin Engineering University,2012,33(10):1259-1264.
[17]YE Zhongfu,XIANG Li,XU Xu.DOA estimation with circular array via spatial averaging algorithm[J].IEEEantennas and wireless propagation letters,2007,6(11):74-76.
[18]GERSHMAN A B.Direction finding using beamspace root estimator banks[J].IEEE transactions on signal processing,1998,46(11):3131-3135.
[2]WU Na,QU Zhiyu,SI Weijian,et al.DOA and polarization estimation using an electromagnetic vector sensor uniform circular array based on the ESPRIT algorithm[J].Sensors,2016,16(12):2109.
[3]XUE Bing,FANG Guangyou,JI Yicai.Passive localisation of mixed far-field and near-field sources using uniform circular array[J].Electronics letters,2016,52(20):1690-1692.
[4]NAN TREES H L.Optimum array processing:part iv of detection,estimation,and modulation theory[M].New York:Wiley Interscience,2002:293-303.
[5]夏麾军,杨益新,韩一娜.改进维纳滤波器及其在目标方位估计中的应用[J].声学学报,2018,43(4):646-654.XIA Huijun,YANG Yixin,HAN Yi'na.Modified wiener filter for direction of arrival estimation[J].Acta acustica,2018,43(4):646-654.
[6]NEHORAI A,PALDI E.Acoustic vector-sensor array processing[J].IEEE transactions on signal processing,1994,42(9):2481-2491.
[7]CHEN H W,ZHAO J W.Wideband MVDR beamforming for acoustic vector sensor linear array[J].IEE proceedings-radar,sonar and navigation,2004,151(3):158-162.
[8]CHEN Huawei,ZHAO Junwei.Coherent signal-subspace processing of acoustic vector sensor array for DOA estimation of wideband sources[J].Signal processing,2005,85(4):837-847.
[9]HAWKES M,NEHORAI A.Acoustic vector-sensor beamforming and Capon direction estimation[J].IEEE transactions on signal processing,1998,46(9):2291-2304.
[10]时洁,杨德森,时胜国.基于矢量阵的运动声源柱面聚焦定位方法试验研究[J].物理学报,2012,61(12):124302.SHI Jie,YANG Desen,SHI Shengguo.Experimental research on cylindrical focused beamforming localization method of moving sound sources based on vector sensor array[J].Acta physica sinica,2012,61(12):124302.
[11]惠俊英,刘宏,余华兵,等.声压振速联合信息处理及其物理基础初探[J].声学学报,2000,25(4):303-307.HUI Junying,LIU Hong,YU Huabing,et al.Study on the physical basis of pressure and particle velocity combined processing[J].Acta acustica,2000,25(4):303-307.
[12]HAWKES M,NEHORAI A.Acoustic vector-sensor correlations in ambient noise[J].IEEE journal of oceanic engineering,2001,26(3):337-347.
[13]白兴宇,姜煜,赵春晖.基于声压振速联合处理的声矢量阵信源数检测与方位估计[J].声学学报,2008,33(1):56-61.BAI Xingyu,JIANG Yu,ZHAO Chunhui.Detection of number of sources and direction of arrival estimation based on the combined information processing of pressure and particle velocity using acoustic vector sensor array[J].Acta acustica,2008,33(1):56-61.
[14]白兴宇,杨德森,赵春晖.基于声压振速联合信息处理的声矢量阵相干信号子空间方法[J].声学学报,2006,31(5):410-417.BAI Xingyu,YANG Desen,ZHAO Chunhui.The coherent signal-subspace method based on combined information processing of pressure and particle velocity using the acoustic vector sensor array[J].Acta acustica,2006,31(5):410-417.
[15]杨德森,朱中锐,时胜国,等.声矢量圆阵相位模态域目标方位估计[J].声学学报,2014,39(1):19-26.YANG Desen,ZHU Zhongrui,SHI Shengguo,et al.Direction-of-arrival estimation based on phase modal space for a uniform circular acoustic vector-sensor array[J].Acta acustica,2014,39(1):19-26.
[16]杨德森,朱中锐,时胜国.矢量圆阵测向方法[J].哈尔滨工程大学学报,2012,33(10):1259-1264.YANG Desen,ZHU Zhongrui,SHI Shengguo.Directionof-arrival estimation for a circular vector-sensor array[J].Journal of Harbin Engineering University,2012,33(10):1259-1264.
[17]YE Zhongfu,XIANG Li,XU Xu.DOA estimation with circular array via spatial averaging algorithm[J].IEEEantennas and wireless propagation letters,2007,6(11):74-76.
[18]GERSHMAN A B.Direction finding using beamspace root estimator banks[J].IEEE transactions on signal processing,1998,46(11):3131-3135.