高压天然气多孔节流效应及冲蚀特性分析
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摘要
基于欧拉-拉格朗日多相流模型方法 ,采用RNGk-ε湍流模型和Sutherland viscosity law可压缩流体黏度修正模型及改进的冲蚀模型,对高压天然气单孔和多孔节流过程进行数值模拟。通过高压天然气单孔节流数值模拟质量流率变化规律,与理论计算结果对比,验证了所采用的模型和计算方法的准确性,并考察了高压天然气流经单孔和多孔突缩结构的不同节流效应及冲蚀特性。计算结果表明,天然气流经多孔固定节流油嘴降压后,体积膨胀形成的最高流速值明显低于单孔固定油嘴,同时多孔均匀射流减少了单孔射流形成的卷吸冲蚀损伤,并在多股射流下的搅混作用下,冷核心能迅速混合,在后续油嘴腔体内更易实现压力回升和速度稳定现象,相比单孔节流可以有效地抑制冲蚀损伤及天然气水合物生成几率。
Based on Euler-Lagrange multi-phase flow numerical simulation method,the single hole and multi-hole throttling process of the highly compressed natural gas was studied by using the RNG k-ε turbulent model,the Sutherland Viscosity Law compressible fluid viscosity model,and the advanced erosion model numerical simulation.The calculated mass flow variation law in the throttle choke is compared with the theoretical calculations,which verifies the adopted models and calculating methods.And then the throttling effect and the erosion characteristic of the high pressure natural gas was studied to check its specific law with different throttle holes by using the advanced erosion model.Results show that,high pressure natural gas can reduce pressure and expansion when it flows through the single hole and multi-hole throttle choke,leading to a highspeed jet region near its outlet.But the maximum jet velocity of multi-hole throttle choke is significantly lower than that of the single hole.At the same time the multi-hole uniform jet reduces the vortex entrainment and the wall erosion damage,making it easier to mix the cold core and achieve stable pressure recovery at the role of the multi-jet mixing effect.Therefore,the multi-hole throttling can effectively restrain the erosion damage and the gas hydrate formation probability.
Based on Euler-Lagrange multi-phase flow numerical simulation method,the single hole and multi-hole throttling process of the highly compressed natural gas was studied by using the RNG k-ε turbulent model,the Sutherland Viscosity Law compressible fluid viscosity model,and the advanced erosion model numerical simulation.The calculated mass flow variation law in the throttle choke is compared with the theoretical calculations,which verifies the adopted models and calculating methods.And then the throttling effect and the erosion characteristic of the high pressure natural gas was studied to check its specific law with different throttle holes by using the advanced erosion model.Results show that,high pressure natural gas can reduce pressure and expansion when it flows through the single hole and multi-hole throttle choke,leading to a highspeed jet region near its outlet.But the maximum jet velocity of multi-hole throttle choke is significantly lower than that of the single hole.At the same time the multi-hole uniform jet reduces the vortex entrainment and the wall erosion damage,making it easier to mix the cold core and achieve stable pressure recovery at the role of the multi-jet mixing effect.Therefore,the multi-hole throttling can effectively restrain the erosion damage and the gas hydrate formation probability.
引文
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[22]张耀玲,王江云,彭贤强,等.测试井口固定油嘴内的流体流动特性[J].石油矿场机械,2017,46(1):11-16.(ZHANG Yaoling,WANG Jiangyun,PENGXianqiang,et al.Fluid flow characteristics of fixed throttle choke in gas well testing[J].Oil Field Equipment,2017,46(1):11-16.)
[2]江健,赵祚培,袁勇,等.加砂压裂后期测试地面流程安全控制技术初探[J].天然气工业,2002,22(1):57-61.(JIANG Jian,ZHAO Zuopei,YUANYong,et al.Safety control technique in surface flowing process in the later stage of sand fracturing testing[J].Natural Gas Industry,2002,22(1):57-61.)
[3]黄船,胡长翠,潘登,等.地面测试中天然气水合物影响分析及工艺技术对策[J].钻采工艺,2007,30(1):10-13.(HUANG Chuan,HU Changcui,PAN Deng,et al.Effects analysis of natural gas hydrate in surface testing and technology countermeasures[J].Drilling&Production Technology,2007,30(1):10-13.)
[4]SALAMA M M,VENKATESH E S.Evaluation of APIRP 14E erosional velocity limitations for offshore gas well[J].Offshore Technology Conference,1983.
[5]高胜,孙文.JLG65-35节流阀油嘴的流场分布及磨损分析[J].化工机械,2013,40(6):805-807.(GAOSheng,SUN Wen.Flow field distribution and erosion analysis of JLG65-35throttle valve ripples[J].Chemical Engineering&Machinery,2013,40(6):805-807.)
[6]王磊.节流油嘴损坏原因分析[J].内蒙古石油化工,2010,(5):38-40.(WANG Lei.Chokes damage analysis[J].Inner Mongolia Petrochemical,2010,(5):38-40.)
[7]魏存祥,滕龙,王勇刚,等.固定节流阀流场数值模拟研究[J].石油矿场机械,2008,37(5):47-49.(WEICunxiang,TENG Long,WANG Yonggang,et al.Numerical simulation for flow field of fixed throttle[J].Oil Field Equipment,2008,37(5):47-49.)
[8]张祥来.固定节流阀特性分析[J].天然气工业,2007,27(5):63-66.(ZHANG Xianglai.Study on features of fixed throttle valve[J].Natural Gas Industry,2007,27(5):63-66.)
[9]VIEIRAR E,MANSOURI A,MCLAURY B S,et al.Experimental and computational study of erosion in elbows due to sand particles in air flow[J].Powder Technology,2016,288:339-353.
[10]PARSI M,NAJMI K,NAJAFIFARD F,et al.Acomprehensive review of solid particle erosion modeling for oil and gas wells and pipelines applications[J].Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering,2014,21:850-873.
[11]PARSI M,VIEIRA R E,KESANA N,et al.Ultrasonic measurements of sand particle erosion in gas dominant multiphase churn flow in vertical pipes[J].Wear,2015,328-329:401-413.
[12]FANG Q,XU H,SIDKY P S,et al.Erosion of ceramic materials by a sand/water slurry jet[J].Wear,1999,183-193.
[13]王国荣,楚飞,陶思宇,等.控压钻井节流阀液-固两相流冲蚀预测及验证[J].石油学报,2015,36(6):754-759.(WANG Guorong,CHU Fei,TAO Siyu,et al.Prediction and verification on liquid-solid two-phase flow erosion of managed pressure drilling throttle valve[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2015,36(6):754-759.)
[14]彭贤强,刘玲莉,王江云.油气井测试用多孔油嘴:中国,201620935365.8[P].2017.
[15]郭胜江,吴广庆,陈国邦.适用于回流区流体力学模拟计算的三种高雷诺数湍流模型的比较[J].制冷学报,2005,26(3):26-29.(GUO Shengjiang,WUGuangqing,CHEN Guobang.Comparison of three highReynolds-number models in recirculation zones for simulation of computational fluid dynamics[J].Journal of Refrigeration,2005,26(3):26-29.)
[16]冯留海,王江云,毛羽,等.突扩突缩管内液-固冲蚀的数值模拟[J].石油学报(石油加工),2014,30(6):1080-1085.(FENG Liuhai,WANG Jiangyun,MAOYu,et al.Numerical simulation of liquid-solid erosion in sudden expansion and contraction tube[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica(Petroleum Processing Section),2014,30(6):1080-1085.)
[17]王江云,冯留海,张果,等.单入口双进气道旋风分离器内冲蚀特性[J].石油学报(石油加工),2016,32(2):289-296.(WANG Jiangyun,FENG Liuhai,ZHANG Guo,et al.Erosion characteristic in a single inlet cyclone separator with double passage[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica(Petroleum Processing Section),2016,32(2):289-296.)
[18]SUTHERLAND W.The viscosity of gases and molecular force[J].Philosophical Magazine Series 5,1893,36(223):507-531.
[19]HAUGEN K,KVERNVOLD O,RONALD A,et al.Sand erosion of wear-resistant materials:Erosion in choke valves[J].Wear,1995,186-187:179-188.
[20]EDWARDS J K,MCLAURY B S,SHIRAZI S A.Supplementing a CFD code with erosion prediction capabilities[C].Proceedings of ASMEFEDSM,1998,1-5.
[21]陈涛平.石油工程[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2011,277-279.
[22]张耀玲,王江云,彭贤强,等.测试井口固定油嘴内的流体流动特性[J].石油矿场机械,2017,46(1):11-16.(ZHANG Yaoling,WANG Jiangyun,PENGXianqiang,et al.Fluid flow characteristics of fixed throttle choke in gas well testing[J].Oil Field Equipment,2017,46(1):11-16.)