太原市农田土壤养分和重金属累积特征及相关性分析
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摘要
为了解太原市农田土壤养分和重金属累积状况,采用田间采样与室内分析相结合的方法,以太原市小店区、晋源区、清徐县、尖草坪区、阳曲县、古交县、娄烦县等7个农作物主产区为研究对象,研究土壤主要养分和重金属累积特征及相关性。结果表明,小店区、晋源区和清徐县3个区县土壤养分和重金属含量相对较高;土壤中重金属Hg,Pb和土壤有机质(SOM)、全氮(TN)存在极显著正相关性,其主要来源于有机物料的施入;重金属元素Ni,Cu,Cr,As,Zn和土壤全钾(TK)存在极显著正相关,其主要来源于成土母质;土壤中有效磷(AP)、速效钾(AK)和碱解氮(AN)主要来源于化学类肥料;通过土壤有机质(SOM)和重金属Hg,Pb含量间的关系建立数学模型,预测土壤有机质的环境安全阈值为50.35 g/kg。
To understand the accumulation of soil nutrients and heavy metals in the farmland of Taiyuan city, the study was conducted by using combination of field sampling and indoor analysis in 7 counties, including Xiaodian, Qingxu, Jinyuan, Jiancaoping,Yangqu, Gujiao, Loufan, which were the main crop production areas of Taiyuan. The accumulation characteristics and correlation of main nutrients and heavy metals in soil were studied. The results showed that the content of soil nutrients and heavy metals was relatively high in Xindian, Jinyuan and Qingxu. There was a very significant positive correlation between heavy metals Hg, Pb, and soil organic matter and total nitrogen in soil, mainly due to the introduction of organic materials. Heavy metal elements Ni, Cu, Cr, As, Zn and soil total potassium(TK)had a very significant positive correlation, mainly from parent soil. The effective phosphorus(AP), available potassium(AK), and alkalescent nitrogen(AN)in the soil were mainly derived from chemical fertilizers. A mathematical model was established through the relationship between soil organic matter and the content of heavy metals Hg and Pb, and the environmental safety threshold for soil organic matter was predicted to be 50.35 g/kg.
To understand the accumulation of soil nutrients and heavy metals in the farmland of Taiyuan city, the study was conducted by using combination of field sampling and indoor analysis in 7 counties, including Xiaodian, Qingxu, Jinyuan, Jiancaoping,Yangqu, Gujiao, Loufan, which were the main crop production areas of Taiyuan. The accumulation characteristics and correlation of main nutrients and heavy metals in soil were studied. The results showed that the content of soil nutrients and heavy metals was relatively high in Xindian, Jinyuan and Qingxu. There was a very significant positive correlation between heavy metals Hg, Pb, and soil organic matter and total nitrogen in soil, mainly due to the introduction of organic materials. Heavy metal elements Ni, Cu, Cr, As, Zn and soil total potassium(TK)had a very significant positive correlation, mainly from parent soil. The effective phosphorus(AP), available potassium(AK), and alkalescent nitrogen(AN)in the soil were mainly derived from chemical fertilizers. A mathematical model was established through the relationship between soil organic matter and the content of heavy metals Hg and Pb, and the environmental safety threshold for soil organic matter was predicted to be 50.35 g/kg.
引文
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[19]卢东,宗良纲,肖兴基,等.华东典型地区有机与常规农业土壤重金属含量的比较研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2005,24(1):143-147.
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[2]梁玉峰,谭长银,曹雪莹,等.不同土地利用方式下土壤养分和重金属元素垂直分布特征[J].环境工程学报,2018,12(6):1791-1799.
[3]刘立文,徐立帅,段永红,等.山西农谷土壤养分空间特征分布研究[J].山西农业科学,2018,46(11):1882-1886.
[4]姚炳贵,陈真元,张红,等.天津市主要类型土壤氮磷钾经济合理用量和适宜配比的研究[J].华北农学报,1996,11(2):70-79.
[5]张英鹏,李彦,于仁起,等.山东省主要耕地土壤的养分含量及空间变异分析[J].华北农学报,2008,23(Z):310-314.
[6]赵杰,罗志军,赵越,等.环潘阳湖区农田土壤重金属空间分布及污染评价[J].环境科学学报,2018,38(6):2475-2485.
[7]姜瑢,吕贻忠,申思雨.华北地区有机种植和常规种植模式下土壤重金属含量及污染评价[J].中国生态农业学报,2015,23(7):877-885.
[8]安婧,宫晓双,陈宏伟,等.沈抚灌区农田土壤重金属污染时空变化特征及生态健康风险评价[J].农业环境科学学报,2016,35(1):37-44.
[9]王振中,张友梅,邓继福,等.重金属在土壤生态系统中的富集及毒性效应[J].应用生态学报,2006,17(10):1948-1952.
[10]刘勇,岳玲玲,李晋昌.太原市土壤重金属污染及其潜在生态风险评价[J].环境科学学报,2011,31(6):1285-1292.
[11]杨艳芳,邵婷,吕梦宇,等.龙窝湖湿地不同土地利用方式土壤养分和重金属污染特征[J].生态学杂志,2014,33(5):1312-1318.
[12]茹淑华,徐万强,杨军芳,等.河北省典型蔬菜产区土壤养分和重金属累积特征及相关性研究[J].食品安全质量检测学报,2017,8(8):2977-2982.
[13]徐明岗,武海雯,刘景.长期不同施肥下我国3种典型土壤重金属的累积特征[J].农业环境科学学报,2010,29(12):2319-2324.
[14]任顺荣,邵玉翠,高宝岩,等.长期定位施肥对土壤重金属含量的影响[J].水土保持学报,2005,19(4):96-99.
[15]陈慧选,吴家华,白曾森,等.太原市南郊区土壤8种重金属元素背景值研究[J].山西农业科学,1994,22(2):32-35.
[16]陈海燕,高雪,韩峰.贵州省常用化肥重金属含量分析及评价[J].耕作与栽培,2006(4):18-19.
[17]张树清,张夫道,刘秀梅,等.规模化养殖畜禽粪主要有害成分测定分析研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2005,11(6):822-829.
[18]刘荣乐,李书田,王秀斌,等.我国商品有机肥料和有机废弃物中重金属的含量状况与分析[J].农业环境科学学报,2005,24(2):392-397.
[19]卢东,宗良纲,肖兴基,等.华东典型地区有机与常规农业土壤重金属含量的比较研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2005,24(1):143-147.
[20]孙超,李博文,杨志新.设施黄瓜土壤重金属与养分的分异特征及其相关性研究[J].河北农业大学学报,2015,38(4):32-38.