预紧力与装配偏差对航天轴承摩擦力矩的影响研究
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摘要
针对低速、轻载航天轴承的摩擦力矩,建立了固体润滑航天轴承摩擦力矩的数学模型。结合拟静力学建立轴承受力平衡方程,研究径向装配位置偏差引起钢球受载变化情况,分析了轴向预紧载荷与径向装配位置偏差对航天轴承摩擦力矩的影响规律。研究结果表明:弹性滞后摩擦力矩、微滑动摩擦力矩和自旋摩擦力矩都随着轴向预紧载荷、径向偏载荷增加而增大;在轴向预紧载荷作用下,摩擦力矩组成分量中的弹性滞后摩擦力矩和自旋摩擦力矩增长趋势为下凸,微滑摩擦力矩增长趋势为上凸;而在径向位置偏差引起的径向偏载荷作用下摩擦力矩组成分量增长趋势为上凸;微滑动摩擦力矩和弹性滞后摩擦力矩为航天轴承摩擦力矩的主要组成部分;轴向预紧载荷和径向偏载荷导致摩擦力矩随其增加而增加,其中对差动摩擦力矩的影响作用最为显著,对弹性滞后摩擦力矩的影响次之,对自旋摩擦力矩的影响最弱。
The variation law of the friction torque is explored for the friction torque of low-speed and lightload aerospace bearing. A mathematical model of friction torque of solid lubricating aerospace bearing is established,and a balance equation of bearing under load is established based on the quasi-state of bearing. The axial preload is due to axial preloading,and the radial partial load is induced by the radial assembly deviation. The situation of ball under loading is analyzed,which is caused by the assembly deviation. The influence law of axial preload and radial position deviation on the friction torque of bearing is obtained. The results show that the elastic hysteresis friction torque,micro-sliding friction torque and self-spin friction torque of bearing increase with the increase in axial preload and radial partial load. Under the axial preload,the increasing trends of elastic hysteresis friction torque and self-spin friction torque in the components of friction torque are convex downward,while the increasing trend of micro-slip friction torque is convex upward. Under the radial partial load,the increasing trend of frictional moment component growth is convex downward. The micro-sliding friction torque and the elastic hysteresis frictiontorque are the main components of friction torque of aerospace bearing. While the load increases,the friction torque increases. The effect of load on the differential friction torque is the most significant,followed by elastic hysteresis friction torque and self-spin friction torque.
The variation law of the friction torque is explored for the friction torque of low-speed and lightload aerospace bearing. A mathematical model of friction torque of solid lubricating aerospace bearing is established,and a balance equation of bearing under load is established based on the quasi-state of bearing. The axial preload is due to axial preloading,and the radial partial load is induced by the radial assembly deviation. The situation of ball under loading is analyzed,which is caused by the assembly deviation. The influence law of axial preload and radial position deviation on the friction torque of bearing is obtained. The results show that the elastic hysteresis friction torque,micro-sliding friction torque and self-spin friction torque of bearing increase with the increase in axial preload and radial partial load. Under the axial preload,the increasing trends of elastic hysteresis friction torque and self-spin friction torque in the components of friction torque are convex downward,while the increasing trend of micro-slip friction torque is convex upward. Under the radial partial load,the increasing trend of frictional moment component growth is convex downward. The micro-sliding friction torque and the elastic hysteresis frictiontorque are the main components of friction torque of aerospace bearing. While the load increases,the friction torque increases. The effect of load on the differential friction torque is the most significant,followed by elastic hysteresis friction torque and self-spin friction torque.
引文
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[19]姜绍娜,陈晓阳,顾家铭,等.低速灵敏球轴承摩擦力矩分析[J].中国机械工程,2010,21(5):510-514.JIANG Shao-na,CHEN Xiao-yang,GU Jia-ming,et al.Analysis of friction torque of sensitive ball bearing under low speed[J].China Mechanical Engineering,2010,21(5):510-514.(in Chinese)
[20]宁峰平,姚建涛,孙锟,等.多因素耦合对空间轴承热学特性的影响[J].浙江大学学报:工学版,2016,50(1):129-136.NING Feng-ping,YAO Jian-tao,SUN Kun,et al.Effect of multi-factor coupling on thermal properties of space bearing[J].Journal of Zhejiang University:Engineering Science,2016,50(1):129-136.(in Chinese)
[2]Huang W,Askin R G.A generalized SSI reliability model considering stochastic loading and strength aging degradation[J].IEEE Transactions on Reliability,2004,53(1):77-82.
[3]宁峰平,姚建涛,安静涛,等.装配位置偏差对航天精密轴承磨损的影响[J].机械工程学报,2017,53(11):68-74.NING Feng-ping,YAO Jian-tao,AN Jing-tao,et al.Effect of assembly situation variation on wear of space precision bearings[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2017,53(11):68-74.(in Chinese)
[4]宁峰平,姚建涛,安静涛,等.考虑摩擦特性时过盈量对轴承预紧力的影响[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(14):96-102.NING Feng-ping,YAO Jian-tao,AN Jing-tao,et al.Influence of interference on bearing preload considering frictional properties[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2015,31(14):96-102.(in Chinese)
[5]安静涛.空间角接触球轴承摩擦力矩理论分析及实验研究[D].秦皇岛:燕山大学,2016.AN Jing-tao.Theoretical analysis and experimental study of angle contact ball bearing friction torque[D].Qinhuangdao:Yanshan University,2016.(in Chinese)
[6]Gentle C R,Pasdari M.Measurement of cage and pocket friction in a ball bearing for use in a simulation program[J].ASLE Transactions,1985,28(4):536-541.
[7]Heras I,Aguirrebeitia J,Abasolo M.Friction torque in four contact point slewing bearings:effect of manufacturing errors and ring stiffness[J].Mechanism and Machine Theory,2017,112:145-154.
[8]Olaru D N,B(alan M R D,Tufescu A,et al.Influence of the cage on the friction torque in low loaded thrust ball bearings operating in lubricated conditions[J].Tribology International,2017,107:294-305.
[9]Maegawa S,Itoigawa F,Nakamura T.A role of friction-induced torque in sliding friction of rubber materials[J].Tribology International,2016,93:182-189.
[10]Lewis S D.Accelerated testing of liquid lubricated spacecraft mechanisms[C]∥Proceedings of the 7th European Space Mechanisms and Tribology Symposium.Noordwijk,Netherlands:European Space Research and Technology Centre,1997:113.
[11]Laborde C,Nicollet L,Sicre J,et al.New ball bearings dry lubricants in place of duro6[C]∥Proceedings of the 7th European Space Mechanisms and Tribology Symposium.Noordwijk,Netherlands:European Space Research and Technology Centre,1997:91.
[12]Yukhno T P,Vvededsky Yu V,Sentyurikhina L N.Low temperature investigations on frictional behaviour and wear resistance of solid lubricant coatings[J].Tribology International,2001,34:293-298.
[13]胡华君,潘博,孙京.航天器驱动机构轴系摩擦力矩建模与分析研究[J].机械工程学报,2017,53(11):75-80.HU Hua-jun,PAN Bo,SUN Jing.Friction torque modeling of spacecraft driving mechanism shafting[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2017,53(11):75-80.(in Chinese)
[14]陶润,侯之超.受径向力滚动轴承摩擦力矩的测试和函数拟合[J].清华大学学报:自然科学版,2015,54(6):744-749.TAO Run,HOU Zhi-chao.Measurement and curve fitting of the friction torque of rolling bearings subjected to radial partial loads[J].Journal of Tsinghua University:Science and Technology,2014,54(6):744-749.(in Chinese)
[15]Snare B.Rolling resistance in lightly loaded bearings[J].The Ball Bearing Journal,1968,152:3-8.
[16]Snare B.Rolling resistance in loaded roller bearings[J].The Ball Bearing Journal,1968,153:19-24.
[17]Snare B,Eng G.Rolling resistance in loaded ball contacts[J].The Ball Bearing Journal,1968,154:3-14.
[18]邓四二,李兴林,汪久根,等.角接触球轴承摩擦力矩特性研究[J].机械工程学报,2011,47(5):114-120.DENG Si-er,LI Xing-lin,WANG Jiu-gen,et al.Frictional torque characteristic of angular contact ball bearings[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2011,47(5):114-120.(in Chinese)
[19]姜绍娜,陈晓阳,顾家铭,等.低速灵敏球轴承摩擦力矩分析[J].中国机械工程,2010,21(5):510-514.JIANG Shao-na,CHEN Xiao-yang,GU Jia-ming,et al.Analysis of friction torque of sensitive ball bearing under low speed[J].China Mechanical Engineering,2010,21(5):510-514.(in Chinese)
[20]宁峰平,姚建涛,孙锟,等.多因素耦合对空间轴承热学特性的影响[J].浙江大学学报:工学版,2016,50(1):129-136.NING Feng-ping,YAO Jian-tao,SUN Kun,et al.Effect of multi-factor coupling on thermal properties of space bearing[J].Journal of Zhejiang University:Engineering Science,2016,50(1):129-136.(in Chinese)