钻柱与实钻水平井眼接触形态及摩阻影响分析
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摘要
水平井钻进过程中,地层结构、钻具振动、钻头侧向力、岩屑沉积等因素易导致实钻井眼轨迹发生连续小幅偏斜。该种偏斜虽不会引起实钻井眼轨迹的严重偏离,但将改变钻柱与井壁的接触形态。受现有测井方法的限制,该种偏斜常被忽略。通过理论分析与仿真,研究水平段井眼轨迹在井斜平面内连续小幅偏斜波动条件下的钻柱与井壁接触形态及其对摩阻的影响。研究认为,钻柱与偏斜波动水平井眼间易发生"悬跨"接触,该现象降低了现有解析法求解钻柱力学相关问题假设条件"钻柱与井壁连续接触"的合理性。钻柱自重和轴向力对悬跨钻柱弯曲位移及悬跨接触最大临界跨距的影响最大。悬跨接触将减小钻柱与井壁的接触面积、增大钻进摩阻。
During horizontal wellbore drilling, factors like the stratigraphy, vibrations of the drilling tool, lateral forces on the drill bit, and beds of cuttings tend to cause slight but continuous deflections in the trajectory of the drilled wellbore. Although these deflections will not induce severe deviations in the trajectory of the drilled wellbore, they will nonetheless alter the nature of the contact between the drill string and the walls of the well. This form of deflection is often neglected due to the limitations of current well-logging methods. Through theoretical analyses and simulations, we have studied the nature of the contact between a drill string and the walls of a well when a horizontal wellbore trajectory continuously fluctuates in small deflective fluctuations within the well's plane of inclination,as well as its effects on frictional forces. This study reveals that "suspended spans" often occurs in the contact between the drill string and a horizontal wellbore undergoing deflective fluctuation, and this questions the rationality of the assumption that the drill string and the walls of the well are continuously in contact, which is often invoked in current analytical methods for solving questions related to drill string mechanics. The drill string's weight and axial forces are the most important factors in determining the bending displacements and maximum critical span of a drill string in "suspended span" contact. These "suspended span" contacts will decrease the contact area between a drill string and the walls of the well,and increase drilling friction.
During horizontal wellbore drilling, factors like the stratigraphy, vibrations of the drilling tool, lateral forces on the drill bit, and beds of cuttings tend to cause slight but continuous deflections in the trajectory of the drilled wellbore. Although these deflections will not induce severe deviations in the trajectory of the drilled wellbore, they will nonetheless alter the nature of the contact between the drill string and the walls of the well. This form of deflection is often neglected due to the limitations of current well-logging methods. Through theoretical analyses and simulations, we have studied the nature of the contact between a drill string and the walls of a well when a horizontal wellbore trajectory continuously fluctuates in small deflective fluctuations within the well's plane of inclination,as well as its effects on frictional forces. This study reveals that "suspended spans" often occurs in the contact between the drill string and a horizontal wellbore undergoing deflective fluctuation, and this questions the rationality of the assumption that the drill string and the walls of the well are continuously in contact, which is often invoked in current analytical methods for solving questions related to drill string mechanics. The drill string's weight and axial forces are the most important factors in determining the bending displacements and maximum critical span of a drill string in "suspended span" contact. These "suspended span" contacts will decrease the contact area between a drill string and the walls of the well,and increase drilling friction.
引文
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[11]陈雷,杨国彬,张玮,等.委内瑞拉奥里诺克胡宁区块丛式三维水平井安全钻井技术[J].天然气工业,2016,36(8):100-106.doi:10.3787/j.issn.1000-0976.2016.08.014CHEN Lei,YANG Guobin,ZHANG Wei,et al.Drilling safety technologies for 3D cluster horizontal wells of Junin Block in Orinoco,Venezuela[J].Natural Gas Industry,2016,36(8):100-106.doi:10.3787/j.issn.1000-0976.2016.08.014
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[14]杨晓光,柳贡慧,李军,等.气体钻水平井段环空岩屑床分布规律研究[J].钻采工艺,2014,37(2):5-7.doi:10.3969/J.ISSN.1006-768X.2014.02.02YANG Xiaoguang,LIU Gonghui,LI Jun,et al.Distribution laws of annulus cuttings beds of horizontal well in gas drilling[J].Drilling and Production Technology,2014,37(2):5-7.doi:10.3969/J.ISSN.1006-768X.2014.02.02
[15]MENAND S,SELLAMI H.Buckling of tubulars in actual field conditions:SPE annual technical conference andexhibition[C].San Antonio,Texas,USA 2006.doi:10.-2118/102850-MS
[16]韩文梅.岩石摩擦滑动特性及其影响因素分析[D].太原:太原理工大学,2012.HAN Wenmei.The study of frictional sliding characters of rocks and its influencing factors[D].Taiyuan:Taiyuan University of Technology,2012.
[17]黄平,赖添茂.基于真实接触面积的摩擦模型[J].华南理工大学学报(自然科学版),2012,40(10):109-114.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2012.10.015HUANG Ping,LAI Tianmao.Firiction model based on real contact area[J].Journal of South China University of Technology(Natural Science Edition),2012,40(10):109-114.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2012.10.015
[18]DYKSTRA M W.Nonlinear drill string dynamics[D].Tulsa:The University of Tulsa,1996.
[19]李增乐.中浅层水平井井眼轨道优化设计与现场施工[J].探矿工程:岩土钻掘工程,2013,40(10):43-45.1672-7428.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-7428.2013.10.016LI Zengle.Optimized design of trajectory for middleshallow horizontal well and the site construction[J].Exploration Engineering Media,2013,40(10):43-45.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-7428.2013.10.016
[2]常海军,李祥群,张娜,等.河南油田页岩油长水平段水平井钻井实践[J].复杂油气藏,2013,6(2):66-70.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4667.2013.02.021ChANG Haijun,LI Xiangqun,ZhANG Na,et al.Drilling practice of long horizontal section well in shale oil reservoir in Henan Oilfield[J].Complex Hydrocarbon Reservoirs,2013,6(2):66-70.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4667.-2013.02.021
[3]徐云龙.川西浅层气藏小井眼长水平段水平井钻井技术[J].钻采工艺,2013,36(4):111-113.doi:10.3969/-J.IS SN.1006-768X.2013.04.351XU Yunlong.The technology of horizontal drilling with small hole well in west part of Sichuan[J].Drilling&Production Technology,2013,36(4):111-113.doi:10.3969/-J.ISSN.1006-768X.2013.04.351
[4]王可仁,宁金生,杨碧学.苏里格气田超长水平段水平井钻井技术[J].内蒙古石油化工,2014,40(20):95-96.WANG Keren,NING Jinsheng,YANG Bixue.The long horizontal drilling technology in Sulige Gas Field[J].Inner Mongulia Petrochemical Industry,2014,40(20):95-96.
[5]钱峰,杨立军.三塘湖致密油长水平段水平井钻井技术[J].石油钻采工艺,2014,36(6):20-23.doi:10.-13639/j.odpt.2014.06.005QIAN Feng,YANG Lijun.Drilling technology for horizontal well with long horizontal sectioninSantanghu tight oil reservoir[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2014,36(6):20-23.doi:10.13639/j.odpt.2014.06.005
[6]田树林.薄油层水平井钻井技术研究与应用[J].钻采工艺,2004,27(3):9-11.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-768X.-2004.03.003TIAN Shulin.Research on horizontal drilling technology and application in oil Sheet[J].Drilling&Production Technology,2004,27(3):9-11.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-768X.2004.03.003
[7]闫铁,张凤民,刘维凯,等.大位移井钻井极限延伸能力的研究[J].钻采工艺,2010.33(1):4-7.doi:10.-3969/j.issn.1006-768X.2010.01.002YAN Tie,ZHANG Fengmin,LIU Weikai,et al.Mechanical analysis on the limit extended capacity for an extended reach well[J].Drilling and Production Technology,2010,33(1):4-7.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-768X.2010.01.002
[8]王俊良,陈洪亮,刘永峰.大位移井钻具组合设计及摩阻扭矩分析[J].钻釆工艺,2012,35(1):24-26.doi:10.3969/J.ISSN.1006-768X.2012.01.08WANG Junliang,CHEN Hongliang,LIU Yongfeng.ERD BHA and its drag and torque analysis technology[J].Drilling and Production Technology,2012,35(1):24-26.doi:10.3969/J.ISSN.1006-768X.2012.01.08
[9]魏殿举.川西地区中浅水平井钻井难点与对策[J].钻采工艺,2015,38(2):105-107.doi:10.3969/J.ISSN.-1006-768X.2015.02.31WEI Dianju.Drilling difficulties and countermeasures of shallow horizontal wells in Western Sichuan area[J].Drilling and Production Technology,2015,38(2):105-107.doi:10.3969/J.ISSN.1006-768X.2015.02.31
[10]王伟,管志川,张文哲,等.水平井钻柱延伸能力影响因素分析[J]钻采工艺,2015,38(2):9-13.doi:10.-3969/J.ISSN.1006-768X.2015.02.03WANG Wei,GUAN Zhichuan,ZhANG Wenzhe.Analysis of factors of influencing drill string extending ability in horizontal well drilling[J].Drilling and Production Technology,2015,38(2):9-13.doi:10.3969/J.ISSN.1006-768X.2015.02.03
[11]陈雷,杨国彬,张玮,等.委内瑞拉奥里诺克胡宁区块丛式三维水平井安全钻井技术[J].天然气工业,2016,36(8):100-106.doi:10.3787/j.issn.1000-0976.2016.08.014CHEN Lei,YANG Guobin,ZHANG Wei,et al.Drilling safety technologies for 3D cluster horizontal wells of Junin Block in Orinoco,Venezuela[J].Natural Gas Industry,2016,36(8):100-106.doi:10.3787/j.issn.1000-0976.2016.08.014
[12]杨玉坤,翟建明.四川盆地元坝气田超深水平井井身结构优化与应用技术[J].天然气工业,2015,35(5):79-84.doi:10.3787/j.issn.1000-0976.2015.05.012YANG Yukun,ZHAI Jianming.Casing program optimization technology for ultra-deep horizontal wells in the Yuanba Gasfield,Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2015,35(5):79-84.doi:10.3787/j.issn.1000-0976.2015.05.012
[13]田平,练章华,郑建翔,等.气体钻水平井稳定器安放位置与井斜控制研究[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2012,34(3):163-168.doi:10.3863/j.issn.1674-5086.2012.03.025TIAN Ping,LIAN Zhanghua,ZHENG Jianxiang,et al.Study of stabilizer location and well deviation control mechanism in gas drilling horizontal well[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science&Technology Edition),2012,34(3):163-168.doi:10.3863/j.issn.1674-5086.2012.03.025
[14]杨晓光,柳贡慧,李军,等.气体钻水平井段环空岩屑床分布规律研究[J].钻采工艺,2014,37(2):5-7.doi:10.3969/J.ISSN.1006-768X.2014.02.02YANG Xiaoguang,LIU Gonghui,LI Jun,et al.Distribution laws of annulus cuttings beds of horizontal well in gas drilling[J].Drilling and Production Technology,2014,37(2):5-7.doi:10.3969/J.ISSN.1006-768X.2014.02.02
[15]MENAND S,SELLAMI H.Buckling of tubulars in actual field conditions:SPE annual technical conference andexhibition[C].San Antonio,Texas,USA 2006.doi:10.-2118/102850-MS
[16]韩文梅.岩石摩擦滑动特性及其影响因素分析[D].太原:太原理工大学,2012.HAN Wenmei.The study of frictional sliding characters of rocks and its influencing factors[D].Taiyuan:Taiyuan University of Technology,2012.
[17]黄平,赖添茂.基于真实接触面积的摩擦模型[J].华南理工大学学报(自然科学版),2012,40(10):109-114.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2012.10.015HUANG Ping,LAI Tianmao.Firiction model based on real contact area[J].Journal of South China University of Technology(Natural Science Edition),2012,40(10):109-114.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2012.10.015
[18]DYKSTRA M W.Nonlinear drill string dynamics[D].Tulsa:The University of Tulsa,1996.
[19]李增乐.中浅层水平井井眼轨道优化设计与现场施工[J].探矿工程:岩土钻掘工程,2013,40(10):43-45.1672-7428.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-7428.2013.10.016LI Zengle.Optimized design of trajectory for middleshallow horizontal well and the site construction[J].Exploration Engineering Media,2013,40(10):43-45.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-7428.2013.10.016