后撤式逆冲推覆断层成因机制及物理模拟——以准噶尔盆地西北缘克-百断裂带为例
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摘要
位于准噶尔盆地西北缘中段的克-百断裂带,晚二叠世以来发育了一系列后撤式逆冲断层。长期以来,关于克-百断裂带高角度逆冲断层的成因机制一直处于争论当中,后撤式逆冲断层的物理模拟在国内尚未见文献报道。论文通过地震解释研究了克-百断裂带的构造变形特征及其演化阶段;应用断层"活动性系数"理论,半定量地描述了挤压条件下断层"活动性系数"、摩擦系数与断层倾角之间的关系,证明了挤压条件下也能形成高角度逆断层;结合"造山楔"理论解释了后撤式逆冲断层的成因机制。研究认为,克-百断裂带后撤式逆冲断层是印支期、燕山期持续挤压和扎伊尔山隆升效应综合作用的产物:挤压过程中发生"泊松效应",随着断层倾角增大,断层面上的正压力迅速增大、"活动性系数"降低,当倾角增大到一个临界值后断层停止活动,形成高角度的逆断层;同时扎伊尔山隆升造成挤压应力上移,为断层的后撤奠定了基础。最后利用砂箱物理实验模拟了克-百断裂带后撤式逆冲断层的形成过程。
The Ke-Bai fault belt located in the middle segment of the northwestern margin of the Junggar Basin has developed a series of backward propagation thrust faults since the Late Permian. The genesis of the high angle thrust fault in the Ke-Bai fault belt has been a matter of debate for decades. This study focused on the structural deformation features and evolution of the Ke-Bai fault belt on the basis of seismic interpretation. Based on the activity coefficient theory, relationships among fault activity coefficient, fraction coefficient and dip angles were discussed semi-quantitatively. Formation of the high angle thrust faults in the compressional stress field was demonstrated theoretically. Then combed with the wedge theory, explanation of the genesis of backward propagation thrust fault was proposed. It is concluded that the backward propagation thrust fault in the Ke-Bai fault belt resulted from the continuous compression and the uplift of Zaire Mountain during Indosinian to Yanshanian periods. Due to the Passion's effect, the normal pressure increases rapidly with the increase of dip angle and the decrease of fault activity coefficient during the compressional process. The movement of fault stops when the dip angle reaches a critical value. The uplift of the Zaire Mountain triggered the upward movement of the compressional stress, and subsequently, the backward propagation thrust faults. Finally, the genesis of the backward propagation thrust faults was simulated by the sand box experiment on the basis of designed model.
The Ke-Bai fault belt located in the middle segment of the northwestern margin of the Junggar Basin has developed a series of backward propagation thrust faults since the Late Permian. The genesis of the high angle thrust fault in the Ke-Bai fault belt has been a matter of debate for decades. This study focused on the structural deformation features and evolution of the Ke-Bai fault belt on the basis of seismic interpretation. Based on the activity coefficient theory, relationships among fault activity coefficient, fraction coefficient and dip angles were discussed semi-quantitatively. Formation of the high angle thrust faults in the compressional stress field was demonstrated theoretically. Then combed with the wedge theory, explanation of the genesis of backward propagation thrust fault was proposed. It is concluded that the backward propagation thrust fault in the Ke-Bai fault belt resulted from the continuous compression and the uplift of Zaire Mountain during Indosinian to Yanshanian periods. Due to the Passion's effect, the normal pressure increases rapidly with the increase of dip angle and the decrease of fault activity coefficient during the compressional process. The movement of fault stops when the dip angle reaches a critical value. The uplift of the Zaire Mountain triggered the upward movement of the compressional stress, and subsequently, the backward propagation thrust faults. Finally, the genesis of the backward propagation thrust faults was simulated by the sand box experiment on the basis of designed model.
引文
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陈新,卢华复,舒良树,王惠民,张国清.2002.准噶尔盆地构造演化分析新进展.高校地质学报,8(3):257-267.
方世虎,宋岩,贾承造,徐怀民,刘楼军,张健.2006.准噶尔盆地白垩系底砾岩与油气成藏的关系.天然气工业,26(5):13-16.
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曲国胜,马宗晋,陈新发,李涛,张宁.2009.论准噶尔盆地构造及其演化.新疆石油地质,30(1):1-5.
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隋风贵.2015.准噶尔盆地西北缘构造演化及其与油气成藏的关系.地质学报,89(4):779?793.
谭开俊,张帆,赵应成,谈继强,关银录,杨志冬.2008.准噶尔盆地西北缘构造特征分段性对比分析.石油地质与工程,22(2):1-3.
童亨茂.2013.岩石圈脆性断层作用力学模型.自然杂志,35(1):56-63.
童亨茂,蔡东升,吴永平,李晓光,李绪深,孟令箭.2011.非均匀变形域中先存构造活动性的判定.中国科学:地球科学,41(2):158-168.
童亨茂,聂金英,孟令箭,张红波,李晓宁.2009.基底先存构造对裂陷盆地断层形成和演化的控制作用规律.地学前缘,16(4):97-104.
童亨茂,王建君,赵海涛,李波,郝化武,王明阳.2014.“摩尔空间”及其在先存构造活动性预测中的应用.中国科学:地球科学,44(9):1948-1957.
汪仁富.2011.准噶尔盆地西北缘克拉玛依?夏子街走滑构造.杭州:浙江大学博士学位论文:64-87.
王鹤华,吴孔友,裴仰文,郭文建,刘波.2015.扎伊尔山冲断?走滑构造演化特征与物理模拟.地质力学学报,21(1):56-65.
王平在,何登发,雷振宇,周路.2002.中国中西部前陆冲断带构造特征.石油学报,23(3):11-17.
王仁,丁中一,殷有泉.1979.固体力学基础.北京:地质出版社:1-364.
魏安赐.1992.摩擦系数和滑动速度的关系.教学与科技,(1):212-215.
魏国齐,贾承造,李本亮.2005.我国中西部前陆盆地的特殊性和多样性及其天然气勘探.高校地质学报,11(4):552-557.
吴庆福.1986.准噶尔盆地发育阶段、构造单元划分及局部构造成因概论.新疆石油地质,7(1):29-37.
谢世汉.1984.为什么静摩擦系数大于动摩擦系数.江西师范大学学报(自然科学版),(2):44-46.
徐怀民,徐朝晖,李震华,刘得光,陈永军,刘巍.2008.准噶尔盆地西北缘走滑断层特征及油气地质意义.高校地质学报,14(2):217-222.
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徐新,周可法,王煜.2010.西准噶尔晚古生代残余洋盆消亡时间与构造背景研究.岩石学报,26(11):3206-3214.
杨庚,王晓波,李本亮,石昕,李选,管树巍.2009.准噶尔盆地西北缘斜向挤压构造与油气分布规律.石油与天然气地质,30(1):26-32.
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尤绮妹.1983.准噶尔盆地西北缘推覆构造的研究.新疆石油地质,4(1):6-16.
于福生,李国志,杨光达,马宝军,陈书平.2009.准噶尔盆地南缘褶皱?冲断带变形特征及成因机制模拟.大地构造与成矿学,33(3):386-395.
于福生,张芳峰,杨长清,李学良,冯自成.2010.龙门山前缘关口断裂典型构造剖面的物理模拟实验及其变形主控因素研究.大地构造与成矿学,34(2):147-158.
张越迁,汪新,刘继山,梁瀚,李震华,汪仁富.2011.准噶尔盆地西北缘乌夏走滑构造及油气勘探意义.新疆石油地质,32(5):447-450.
赵白.1992.准噶尔盆地的形成与演化.新疆石油地质,13(3):192-196.
周建勋,朱战军,梁慧社.2002.斜向挤压构造的物理模拟及其对焉耆盆地构造解释.煤田地质与勘探,30(5):5-7.
Byerlee J D.1967.Frictional characteristics of granite under high confining pressure.Journal of Geophysical Research,72(14):3639-3648.
Davis D,Suppe J and Dahlen F A.1983.Mechanics of fold-and-thrust belts and accretionary wedges.Journal of Geophysical Research,88(B2):1153-1172.
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陈发景,汪新文,汪新伟.2005.准噶尔盆地的原型和构造演化.地学前缘,12(3):77-89.
陈书平,况军,刘继山,屈冬萌,孙萌思,郭文建.2008a.准噶尔盆地西北缘克?百地区不整合面及其动力学条件.高校地质学报,14(2):199-205.
陈书平,况军,屈冬萌,孙萌思.2008b.扎伊尔造山楔冲断构造与克百地区盆地发育//中国地质学会全国构造会议论文集.北京:中国地质学会:222-224.
陈书平,张一伟,汤良杰.2001.准噶尔晚石炭世?二叠纪前陆盆地的演化.石油大学学报(自然科学版),25(5):11-15.
陈新,卢华复,舒良树,王惠民,张国清.2002.准噶尔盆地构造演化分析新进展.高校地质学报,8(3):257-267.
方世虎,宋岩,贾承造,徐怀民,刘楼军,张健.2006.准噶尔盆地白垩系底砾岩与油气成藏的关系.天然气工业,26(5):13-16.
韩文梅.2012.岩石摩擦滑动特性及其影响因素分析.太原:太原理工大学博士学位论文:26-37.
何登发,尹成,杜社宽,石昕,马辉树.2004.前陆冲断带构造分段特征--以准噶尔盆地西北缘断裂构造带为例.地学前缘,11(3):91-101.
姜向强.2008.准噶尔盆地西北缘克百地区三叠系和侏罗系油气成藏主控因素与成藏模式研究.北京:中国石油大学(北京)博士学位论文:76-80.
况军,齐雪峰.2006.准噶尔前陆盆地构造特征与油气勘探方向.新疆石油地质,27(1):5-9.
赖世新,黄凯,陈景亮,吴坚,钱万程,陈书平,徐怀民.1999.准噶尔晚石炭世、二叠纪前陆盆地演化与油气聚集.新疆石油地质,20(4):293-297.
兰廷计.1986.西准噶尔推覆体及其演化.新疆地质,4(3):35-43.
吕红华,李有利,刘运明,司苏沛,赵洪壮.2008.新疆塔西河地区8 Ma以来沉积环境演化及其构造意义.第四纪研究,28(2):243-252.
孟家峰,郭召杰,方世虎.2009.准噶尔盆地西北缘冲断构造新解.地学前缘,16(3):171-180.
曲国胜,马宗晋,陈新发,李涛,张宁.2009.论准噶尔盆地构造及其演化.新疆石油地质,30(1):1-5.
邵雨,汪仁富,张越迁,汪新,李震华,梁瀚.2011.准噶尔盆地西北缘走滑构造与油气勘探.石油学报,32(6):976-984.
隋风贵.2015.准噶尔盆地西北缘构造演化及其与油气成藏的关系.地质学报,89(4):779?793.
谭开俊,张帆,赵应成,谈继强,关银录,杨志冬.2008.准噶尔盆地西北缘构造特征分段性对比分析.石油地质与工程,22(2):1-3.
童亨茂.2013.岩石圈脆性断层作用力学模型.自然杂志,35(1):56-63.
童亨茂,蔡东升,吴永平,李晓光,李绪深,孟令箭.2011.非均匀变形域中先存构造活动性的判定.中国科学:地球科学,41(2):158-168.
童亨茂,聂金英,孟令箭,张红波,李晓宁.2009.基底先存构造对裂陷盆地断层形成和演化的控制作用规律.地学前缘,16(4):97-104.
童亨茂,王建君,赵海涛,李波,郝化武,王明阳.2014.“摩尔空间”及其在先存构造活动性预测中的应用.中国科学:地球科学,44(9):1948-1957.
汪仁富.2011.准噶尔盆地西北缘克拉玛依?夏子街走滑构造.杭州:浙江大学博士学位论文:64-87.
王鹤华,吴孔友,裴仰文,郭文建,刘波.2015.扎伊尔山冲断?走滑构造演化特征与物理模拟.地质力学学报,21(1):56-65.
王平在,何登发,雷振宇,周路.2002.中国中西部前陆冲断带构造特征.石油学报,23(3):11-17.
王仁,丁中一,殷有泉.1979.固体力学基础.北京:地质出版社:1-364.
魏安赐.1992.摩擦系数和滑动速度的关系.教学与科技,(1):212-215.
魏国齐,贾承造,李本亮.2005.我国中西部前陆盆地的特殊性和多样性及其天然气勘探.高校地质学报,11(4):552-557.
吴庆福.1986.准噶尔盆地发育阶段、构造单元划分及局部构造成因概论.新疆石油地质,7(1):29-37.
谢世汉.1984.为什么静摩擦系数大于动摩擦系数.江西师范大学学报(自然科学版),(2):44-46.
徐怀民,徐朝晖,李震华,刘得光,陈永军,刘巍.2008.准噶尔盆地西北缘走滑断层特征及油气地质意义.高校地质学报,14(2):217-222.
徐芹芹,季建清,龚俊峰,赵磊,涂继耀,孙东霞,陶涛,朱自虎,何国琦,侯建军.2009.新疆西准噶尔晚古生代以来构造样式与变形序列研究.岩石学报,25(3):636-644.
徐新,周可法,王煜.2010.西准噶尔晚古生代残余洋盆消亡时间与构造背景研究.岩石学报,26(11):3206-3214.
杨庚,王晓波,李本亮,石昕,李选,管树巍.2009.准噶尔盆地西北缘斜向挤压构造与油气分布规律.石油与天然气地质,30(1):26-32.
印森林.2014.同沉积逆断层对冲积体系及其内部构型的控制作用--以准噶尔盆地西北缘三叠系为例.北京:中国石油大学(北京)博士学位论文:1-135.
尤绮妹.1983.准噶尔盆地西北缘推覆构造的研究.新疆石油地质,4(1):6-16.
于福生,李国志,杨光达,马宝军,陈书平.2009.准噶尔盆地南缘褶皱?冲断带变形特征及成因机制模拟.大地构造与成矿学,33(3):386-395.
于福生,张芳峰,杨长清,李学良,冯自成.2010.龙门山前缘关口断裂典型构造剖面的物理模拟实验及其变形主控因素研究.大地构造与成矿学,34(2):147-158.
张越迁,汪新,刘继山,梁瀚,李震华,汪仁富.2011.准噶尔盆地西北缘乌夏走滑构造及油气勘探意义.新疆石油地质,32(5):447-450.
赵白.1992.准噶尔盆地的形成与演化.新疆石油地质,13(3):192-196.
周建勋,朱战军,梁慧社.2002.斜向挤压构造的物理模拟及其对焉耆盆地构造解释.煤田地质与勘探,30(5):5-7.
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