石灰岩高速滚动摩擦特性
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摘要
滑面的摩擦特性是高速岩质滑坡动力学研究的关键问题之一。以典型脆性灰岩为研究对象,借助滚动磨损试验设备,开展不同压力和转速条件下干燥和湿润灰岩的滚动摩擦试验,研究岩石动态摩擦特性(摩擦系数和磨损率)。试验结果表明,干燥和湿润岩石的滚动摩擦系数分别与摩擦速率呈负相关和正相关,与法向压力关系不明显。对于干燥灰岩,滚动试件(滑体)和静止试件(滑床)的磨损率与摩擦速率分别呈正相关和负相关。对于湿润灰岩,磨损率与摩擦速率呈正相关。基于Hertz弹性接触理论,推导出摩擦斑处的最大压应力和拉应力,进而提出相应条件下脆性灰岩的摩擦碎裂机制。结论可为灰岩高速滑坡防灾减灾提供设计参数。
Frictional characteristics of sliding planes are the critical issues in the kinetics of high-speed rockslides. The friction experiments of dry and wet limestone samples at different pressures and rolling velocities are conducted to investigate dynamic frictional characteristics(i.e., friction coefficient and wear rate) using the rolling wear test equipment. Experimental results show that for dry limestone, there is a negative correlation between the rolling friction coefficient and the rolling velocity, but it is a positive relationship for wet limestone. Whether the specimen is dry or wet, there is no apparent relationship between the rolling friction coefficient and the normal pressure. For dry limestone, the wear rate of rolling specimen(i.e., as sliding mass) and static specimen(i.e., as sliding bed) is positively and negatively correlated with the rolling velocity, respectively. However, for wet limestone, the wear rate is positively relevant to the rolling velocity. In addition, based on the Hertz Elastic Contact Theory, we deducted the maximum compressive and tensile stresses of the friction spot, and then proposed the friction-fragmentation mechanism of brittle limestone under corresponding conditions. This study can provide the design parameters for the disaster prevention of the high-speed limestone rockslides.
Frictional characteristics of sliding planes are the critical issues in the kinetics of high-speed rockslides. The friction experiments of dry and wet limestone samples at different pressures and rolling velocities are conducted to investigate dynamic frictional characteristics(i.e., friction coefficient and wear rate) using the rolling wear test equipment. Experimental results show that for dry limestone, there is a negative correlation between the rolling friction coefficient and the rolling velocity, but it is a positive relationship for wet limestone. Whether the specimen is dry or wet, there is no apparent relationship between the rolling friction coefficient and the normal pressure. For dry limestone, the wear rate of rolling specimen(i.e., as sliding mass) and static specimen(i.e., as sliding bed) is positively and negatively correlated with the rolling velocity, respectively. However, for wet limestone, the wear rate is positively relevant to the rolling velocity. In addition, based on the Hertz Elastic Contact Theory, we deducted the maximum compressive and tensile stresses of the friction spot, and then proposed the friction-fragmentation mechanism of brittle limestone under corresponding conditions. This study can provide the design parameters for the disaster prevention of the high-speed limestone rockslides.
引文
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[15]钟振,郜会彩,谢长飞.石灰岩裂隙摩擦强度愈合的压力溶解和应力腐蚀模型研究[J].岩土力学,2015,36(12):3410-3416.ZHONG Zhen,GAO Hui-cai,XIE Chang-fei.Model study of frictional healing of limestone fracture:The role of pressure solution and stress corrosion[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2015,36(12):3410-3416.
[16]周翠英,李伟科,向中明,等.水-应力作用下软岩细观结构摩擦接触分析[J].岩土力学,2015,36(9):2458-2466.ZHOU Cui-ying,LI Wei-ke,XIANG Zhong-ming,et al.Analysis of mesoscopic frictional contacts in soft rocks under water-stress interaction[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2015,36(9):2458-2466.
[17]RICE J R.Heating and weakening of faults during earthquake slip[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,2006,111(B5):1010-1029.
[18]刘善军,吴立新,王金庄,等.遥感-岩石力学(Ⅵ)——岩石摩擦滑移特征及其影响因素分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(8):1247-1251.LIU Shan-jun,WU Li-xin,WANG Jin-zhuang,et al.Remote sensing-rock mechanics(VI)—Features of rock friction-sliding and analysis on its influence factors[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(8):1247-1251.
[19]钟振,胡云进.石灰岩裂隙摩擦滑动特性试验研究[J].岩土力学,2015,36(11):3085-3093.ZHONG Zhen,HU Yun-jin.Experimental study on the frictional behavior of limestone fracture[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2015,36(11):3085-3093.
[2]许强,裴向军,黄润秋,等.汶川地震大型滑坡研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2009.XU Qiang,PEI Xiang-jun,HUANG Run-qiu,et al.Large-scale landslides induced by the Wenchuan earthquake[M].Beijing:Science Press,2009.
[3]罗刚,胡卸文,顾成壮.强震作用下顺层岩质斜坡动力失稳机制及启动速度研究[J].岩土力学,2013,34(2):483-490.LUO Gang,HU Xie-wen,GU Cheng-zhuang.Study of kinetic failure mechanism and starting velocity of consequent rock slopes under strong earthquake[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2013,34(2):483-490.
[4]SHIMAMOTO T,TSUTSUMI A.A new rotary-shear high-speed frictional testing machine[J].Journal of the Tectonic Research Group of Japan,1994,39:65-78.
[5]WEEKS J D,TULLIS T E.Frictional sliding of dolomite:A variation in constitutive behavior[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,1985,90(B9):7821-7826.
[6]马胜利,姚路,嶋本利彦,等.岩石高速摩擦实验的进展[J].地震地质,2014,36(3):814-824.MA Sheng-li,YAO Lu,TOSHIHIKO S,et al.Progress in high-velocity frictional experiments on rocks at State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics[J].Seismogeology,2014,36(3):814-824.
[7]GOLDSBY D L,TULLIS T E.Low frictional strength of quartz rocks at subseismic slip rates[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2002,29(17):251-254.
[8]DITORO T G,GOLDSBY D L,TULLIS T E.Friction falls towards zero in quartz rock as slip velocity approaches seismic rates[J].Nature,2004,427(6973):436-439.
[9]YAO L,MA S,SHIMAMOTO T,et al.Structures and high-velocity frictional properties of the Pingxi Fault zone in the Longmenshan Fault system,Sichuan,China,activated during the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Tectonophysics,2013,599(4):135-156.
[10]HAN R,SHIMAMOTO T,ANDO J,et al.Seismic slip record in carbonate-bearing fault zones:An insight from high-velocity friction experiments on siderite gouge[J].Geology,2007,35(12):1131-1134.
[11]HAN R,SHIMAMOTO T,HIROSE T,et al.Ultralow friction of carbonate faults caused by thermal decomposition[J].Science,2007,316(5826):878-881.
[12]ANDREWS D J.A fault constitutive relation accounting for thermal pressurization of pore fluid[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,2002,107(B12):151-158.
[13]武东生,孟陆波,李天斌,等.灰岩三轴高温后效流变特性及长期强度研究[J].岩土力学,2016,37(增刊1):183-191.WU Dong-sheng,MENG Lu-bo,LI Tian-bin,et al.Study of triaxial rheological property and long-term strength of limestone after high temperature[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2016,37(Supp.1):183-191.
[14]韩文梅.岩石摩擦滑动特性及其影响因素分析[D].太原:太原理工大学,2012.HAN Wen-mei.Analysis of friction sliding characteristics and its influencing factors[D].Taiyuan:Taiyuan University of Technology,2012.
[15]钟振,郜会彩,谢长飞.石灰岩裂隙摩擦强度愈合的压力溶解和应力腐蚀模型研究[J].岩土力学,2015,36(12):3410-3416.ZHONG Zhen,GAO Hui-cai,XIE Chang-fei.Model study of frictional healing of limestone fracture:The role of pressure solution and stress corrosion[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2015,36(12):3410-3416.
[16]周翠英,李伟科,向中明,等.水-应力作用下软岩细观结构摩擦接触分析[J].岩土力学,2015,36(9):2458-2466.ZHOU Cui-ying,LI Wei-ke,XIANG Zhong-ming,et al.Analysis of mesoscopic frictional contacts in soft rocks under water-stress interaction[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2015,36(9):2458-2466.
[17]RICE J R.Heating and weakening of faults during earthquake slip[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,2006,111(B5):1010-1029.
[18]刘善军,吴立新,王金庄,等.遥感-岩石力学(Ⅵ)——岩石摩擦滑移特征及其影响因素分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(8):1247-1251.LIU Shan-jun,WU Li-xin,WANG Jin-zhuang,et al.Remote sensing-rock mechanics(VI)—Features of rock friction-sliding and analysis on its influence factors[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(8):1247-1251.
[19]钟振,胡云进.石灰岩裂隙摩擦滑动特性试验研究[J].岩土力学,2015,36(11):3085-3093.ZHONG Zhen,HU Yun-jin.Experimental study on the frictional behavior of limestone fracture[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2015,36(11):3085-3093.