一种新型井下声波发生装置及其声波传播特性
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摘要
井下有限空间内声波的有效发生与声能量的高效传递是声波在钻柱中稳定、长距离传输的前提,高效可靠的发生装置是实现井下信息声波传输技术现场化应用的关键。为了实现速度快、准确性高、抗外界因素干扰能力强的井下信息传输,基于超磁致伸缩换能器设计加工了一种井下声波发生装置,并通过建立试验系统,对该装置的功能性及关键参数设计开展了研究。研究结果表明:①带内孔的单级圆锥变幅杆是辐射声波首选,换能器在圆锥变幅杆小端激励的声波辐射进入钻柱中能够获得平面波;②在变幅杆放大系数极小值点附近设计长径比能够有效提高低频段声波能量传递效率;③黄铜材料的声传递介质具有较高的滤波质量与声能量传递效率;④声波能量传递效率随换能器预紧力增加,先增加后保持不变,7.20 kN预紧力能够获得最佳传递效率。结论认为,在井下声波发生与中继装置的设计过程中,应充分考虑换能器声波辐射方式与结构参数对声波能量传递效率的影响;建议进一步研究声发射端机械结构、声载波参数等因素对钻柱中声传播特性的影响,以加快井下信息声传输技术现场应用的步伐。
Effective generation of acoustic waves and efficient transmission of acoustic energy in the limited downhole space are prerequisites for the long-distance stable transmission of acoustic waves in drill strings, so an efficient and reliable generator is the key to the field application of downhole acoustic signal transmission technology. In order to realize the downhole information transmission of high speed, high accuracy and strong external factor immunity, we designed a downhole acoustic generator and it was manufactured based on the giant magnetostrictive transducer. Then, an experimental system was built up to study its functions and key parameters. And the following research results were obtained. First, a single-stage conical horn with an inner hole is the first choice for acoustic radiation, and the plane waves can be obtained by the transducer when the acoustic wave radiation enters the drill string from the small end of the conical horn. Second, the energy transfer efficiency of low frequency acoustic waves can be effectively improved when the horn length-diameter radio is designed near the minimum amplification coefficient point. Third, acoustic transfer medium made of copper has a higher filtering quality and transfer efficiency of acoustic energy. Fourth, the transfer efficiency of acoustic wave increases first and then remains unchanged with the increase of transducer pre-tightening force, and the optimal value is obtained at the pre-tightening force of 7.20 kN.In conclusion, the impact of transducer's acoustic radiation mode and structural parameters on the transfer efficiency of acoustic energy shall be fully considered during the design of the downhole acoustic generating and relaying device. And it is recommended to research further the effects of the mechanical structure of the acoustic emission end and the acoustic carrier parameters on the acoustic propagation characteristics in drill strings so as to speed up the field application of downhole acoustic signal transmission technology.
Effective generation of acoustic waves and efficient transmission of acoustic energy in the limited downhole space are prerequisites for the long-distance stable transmission of acoustic waves in drill strings, so an efficient and reliable generator is the key to the field application of downhole acoustic signal transmission technology. In order to realize the downhole information transmission of high speed, high accuracy and strong external factor immunity, we designed a downhole acoustic generator and it was manufactured based on the giant magnetostrictive transducer. Then, an experimental system was built up to study its functions and key parameters. And the following research results were obtained. First, a single-stage conical horn with an inner hole is the first choice for acoustic radiation, and the plane waves can be obtained by the transducer when the acoustic wave radiation enters the drill string from the small end of the conical horn. Second, the energy transfer efficiency of low frequency acoustic waves can be effectively improved when the horn length-diameter radio is designed near the minimum amplification coefficient point. Third, acoustic transfer medium made of copper has a higher filtering quality and transfer efficiency of acoustic energy. Fourth, the transfer efficiency of acoustic wave increases first and then remains unchanged with the increase of transducer pre-tightening force, and the optimal value is obtained at the pre-tightening force of 7.20 kN.In conclusion, the impact of transducer's acoustic radiation mode and structural parameters on the transfer efficiency of acoustic energy shall be fully considered during the design of the downhole acoustic generating and relaying device. And it is recommended to research further the effects of the mechanical structure of the acoustic emission end and the acoustic carrier parameters on the acoustic propagation characteristics in drill strings so as to speed up the field application of downhole acoustic signal transmission technology.
引文
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[11]邱维清,赵国山.耦合钻井液钻柱声波传播特性研究[J].科学技术与工程,2014,14(25):63-65.Qiu Weiqing&Zhao Guoshan.Research on acoustic transmitting characteristics of drill string channel coupled with drilling fluids[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2014,14(25):63-65.
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[13]刘永旺,管志川,隆志强,赵国山,杜彬彬.钻柱中声传播的影响因素[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2012,36(5):89-95.Liu Yongwang,Guan Zhichuan,Long Zhiqiang,Zhao Guoshan&Du Binbin.Influence factors of acoustic transmission in drill strings[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2012,36(5):89-95.
[14]刘永旺,管志川,王庆,李致远,都振川,邱维清.井眼环境影响钻柱信道的声波传播效果试验[J].天然气工业,2015,35(12):58-63.Liu Yongwang,Guan Zhichuan,Wang Qing,Li Zhiyuan,Du Zhenchuan&Qiu Weiqing.An experimental study of the influence of borehole environment on acoustic propagation in a drillstring channel[J].Natural Gas Industry,2015,35(12):58-63.
[15]赵国山,王斌斌,都振川,黄明泉,翟文涛.钻柱中换能器声波信号传输特性实验研究[J].科学技术与工程,2015,15(30):14-17.Zhao Guoshan,Wang Binbin,Du Zhenchuan,Huang Mingquan&Zhai Wentao.Experimental study on the transmission characteristics of transducer acoustic signal within drill string[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2015,15(30):14-17.
[16]赵国山,管志川,都振川,黄明泉,王伟.井下钻柱信道的声传播特性[J].石油学报,2013,34(1):151-156.Zhao Guoshan,Guan Zhichuan,Du Zhenchuan,Huang Mingquan&Wang Wei.Acoustical propagation characteristics of the communication channel of downhole drill string[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2013,34(1):151-156.
[17]车小花,乔文孝,李俊,鞠晓东,王春艳.随钻测井钻柱声波的频谱特性[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2008,32(6):66-70.Che Xiaohua,Qiao Wenxiao,Li Jun,Ju Xiaodong&Wang Chunyan.Acoustic spectral characteristics of drill string of logging while drilling[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2008,32(6):66-70.
[18]马西庚,李超,柳颖.钻杆中声波传输特性测试[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2010,34(4):70-74.Ma Xigeng,Li Chao&Liu Ying.Transmission characteristics test of acoustic wave in drill pipe[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2010,34(4):70-74.
[19]曾庚鑫.超磁致伸缩功率超声换能器理论分析与实验研究[D].广州:华南理工大学,2013.Zeng Gengxin.Theoretical analysis and experimental study of the gaintmagnetostrictive power ultrasonic transducer[D].Guangzhou:South China University of Technology,2013.
[20]刘泽祥,刘永强,白永彬,苏本龙.带中心孔的阶梯-圆锥型超声变幅杆优化设计[J].制造业自动化,2018,40(2):42-45.Liu Zexiang,Liu Yongqiang,Bai Yongbin&Su Benlong.Optimum design of stepped-cone composite ultrasonic horn with center hole[J].Manufacturing Automation,2018,40(2):42-45.
[2]刘永旺.井下信息声波传输系统理论与方法研究[D].青岛:中国石油大学(华东),2013.Liu Yongwang.Research on the theory and method of downhole information acoustic waves transmitted system[D].Qingdao:China University of Petroleum(East China),2013.
[3]Drumheller DS.Acoustical properties of drill strings[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1998,85(3):1048-1064.
[4]Shah V,Gardner W,Johnson DH&Sinanovic S.Design consideration for new high data rate LWD acoustic telemetry system[C]//SPE Asia Pacific Oil and Gas Conference and Exhibition,18-20 October 2004,Perth,Australia.DOI:https://doi.org/10.2118/88636-MS.
[5]Neff JM&Camwell PL.Field test results of an acoustic MWDsystem[C]//SPE/IADC Drilling Conference,20-22 February 2007,Amsterdam,The Netherlands.DOI:https://doi.org/10.2118/105021-MS.
[6]郑立臣,俞佳庆,杨清海,高扬,孙福超.振动波井下通讯技术[J].石油勘探与开发,2017,44(2):295-300.Zheng Lichen,Yu Jiaqing,Yang Qinghai,Gao Yang&Sun Fuchao.Vibration wave downhole communication technique[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2017,44(2):295-300.
[7]蔡文军.钻柱中声波传播特性实验研究[J].天然气工业,2016,36(6):72-77.Cai Wenjun.An experimental study on the propagation characteristics of acoustic waves in drill strings[J].Natural Gas Industry,2016,36(6):72-77.
[8]管志川,刘永旺,赵国山,王伟.钻柱结构对声传输特性的影响[J].石油学报,2012,33(4):687-691.Guan Zhichuan,Liu Yongwang,Zhao Guoshan&Wang Wei.Influence of the drill-string structure diversity on acoustic transmission characteristics[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2012,33(4):687-691.
[9]刘永旺,管志川,赵国山,杜彬彬,李致远,蔡孟哲,等.尺寸差异钻杆组成的钻柱中声传播特性测试[J].振动与冲击,2015,34(7):93-97.Liu Yongwang,Guan Zhichuan,Zhao Guoshan,Du Binbin,Li Zhiyuan,Cai Mengzhe,et al.Tests for acoustic propagation characteristics in drill string composed of size-difference drill pipes[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2015,34(7):93-97.
[10]刘永旺,管志川,王庆,樊滔,张波.弯曲钻柱中声传播特性教学实验装置研制[J].实验技术与管理,2016,33(10):93-98.Liu Yongwang,Guan Zhichuan,Wang Qing,Fan Tao&Zhang Bo.Development of teaching experimental device with acoustic propagation characteristics in curved drill string[J].Experimental Technology and Management,2016,33(10):93-98.
[11]邱维清,赵国山.耦合钻井液钻柱声波传播特性研究[J].科学技术与工程,2014,14(25):63-65.Qiu Weiqing&Zhao Guoshan.Research on acoustic transmitting characteristics of drill string channel coupled with drilling fluids[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2014,14(25):63-65.
[12]李成,丁天怀.信道阻尼边界对井下钻杆声传输的影响[J].振动与冲击,2006,25(6):17-20.Li Cheng&Ding Tianhuai.Effect of damping boundary conditions on acoustic transmission of drill strings[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2006,25(6):17-20.
[13]刘永旺,管志川,隆志强,赵国山,杜彬彬.钻柱中声传播的影响因素[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2012,36(5):89-95.Liu Yongwang,Guan Zhichuan,Long Zhiqiang,Zhao Guoshan&Du Binbin.Influence factors of acoustic transmission in drill strings[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2012,36(5):89-95.
[14]刘永旺,管志川,王庆,李致远,都振川,邱维清.井眼环境影响钻柱信道的声波传播效果试验[J].天然气工业,2015,35(12):58-63.Liu Yongwang,Guan Zhichuan,Wang Qing,Li Zhiyuan,Du Zhenchuan&Qiu Weiqing.An experimental study of the influence of borehole environment on acoustic propagation in a drillstring channel[J].Natural Gas Industry,2015,35(12):58-63.
[15]赵国山,王斌斌,都振川,黄明泉,翟文涛.钻柱中换能器声波信号传输特性实验研究[J].科学技术与工程,2015,15(30):14-17.Zhao Guoshan,Wang Binbin,Du Zhenchuan,Huang Mingquan&Zhai Wentao.Experimental study on the transmission characteristics of transducer acoustic signal within drill string[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2015,15(30):14-17.
[16]赵国山,管志川,都振川,黄明泉,王伟.井下钻柱信道的声传播特性[J].石油学报,2013,34(1):151-156.Zhao Guoshan,Guan Zhichuan,Du Zhenchuan,Huang Mingquan&Wang Wei.Acoustical propagation characteristics of the communication channel of downhole drill string[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2013,34(1):151-156.
[17]车小花,乔文孝,李俊,鞠晓东,王春艳.随钻测井钻柱声波的频谱特性[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2008,32(6):66-70.Che Xiaohua,Qiao Wenxiao,Li Jun,Ju Xiaodong&Wang Chunyan.Acoustic spectral characteristics of drill string of logging while drilling[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2008,32(6):66-70.
[18]马西庚,李超,柳颖.钻杆中声波传输特性测试[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2010,34(4):70-74.Ma Xigeng,Li Chao&Liu Ying.Transmission characteristics test of acoustic wave in drill pipe[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2010,34(4):70-74.
[19]曾庚鑫.超磁致伸缩功率超声换能器理论分析与实验研究[D].广州:华南理工大学,2013.Zeng Gengxin.Theoretical analysis and experimental study of the gaintmagnetostrictive power ultrasonic transducer[D].Guangzhou:South China University of Technology,2013.
[20]刘泽祥,刘永强,白永彬,苏本龙.带中心孔的阶梯-圆锥型超声变幅杆优化设计[J].制造业自动化,2018,40(2):42-45.Liu Zexiang,Liu Yongqiang,Bai Yongbin&Su Benlong.Optimum design of stepped-cone composite ultrasonic horn with center hole[J].Manufacturing Automation,2018,40(2):42-45.