第31届奥运会我国男子撑竿跳高运动员助跑起跳技术研究
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摘要
运用高速摄像机,对参加2016里约奥运会的中国3名男子撑竿跳高运动员的助跑和起跳进行分析(最好成绩在5.70 m以上)。研究认为:3名奥运会参赛运动员都能够以不断加速进入起跳,但最后阶段助跑节奏有问题,薛长锐和姚捷需要改变最后两步的助跑节奏;薛长锐属于"自由起跳"的起跳方式,起跳距离远,插穴时间长,躯干保持合适的姿态,水平速度损失率较小;黄博凯则属于"跑进竿下"的起跳方式,和薛长锐正好相反,起跳效果较差,水平速度损失率较高;姚捷介于两者之间,起跳过程中躯干后仰明显,重心高度较低,水平速度损失率较高。建议黄博凯和姚捷增加起跳距离,保持起跳过程中躯干合适的姿态,薛长锐需完善助跑节奏。
With high speed camera,this paper analyzes the approach and take-off technique of Chinese three elite male pole vaulters with best performance above 5. 70 m in 2016 Rio Olympics.The results show that the three vaulters approach much faster at the beginning of take-off,but the approach rhythm has problem; Xue Chang-rui and Yao Jie need to improve the approach rhythm of the last second stride. Xue's " free-style take-off" have characteristics of long take-off distance,long time of planting pole,right trunk posture,and small loss rate of horizontal velocity. HUANG Bo-kai's " below pole take-off" style is opposite to XUE,and the effect of take-off is bad,with much loss rate of horizontal velocity. YAO performance is between XUE and HUANG,with obvious trunk hypsokinesis,lower body weight centre,and large loss rate of horizontal velocity. It is suggested that HUANG and YAO increase the distance of take-off and hold the right trunk posture during the take-off,XUE improve the approach rhythm of the last second stride.
With high speed camera,this paper analyzes the approach and take-off technique of Chinese three elite male pole vaulters with best performance above 5. 70 m in 2016 Rio Olympics.The results show that the three vaulters approach much faster at the beginning of take-off,but the approach rhythm has problem; Xue Chang-rui and Yao Jie need to improve the approach rhythm of the last second stride. Xue's " free-style take-off" have characteristics of long take-off distance,long time of planting pole,right trunk posture,and small loss rate of horizontal velocity. HUANG Bo-kai's " below pole take-off" style is opposite to XUE,and the effect of take-off is bad,with much loss rate of horizontal velocity. YAO performance is between XUE and HUANG,with obvious trunk hypsokinesis,lower body weight centre,and large loss rate of horizontal velocity. It is suggested that HUANG and YAO increase the distance of take-off and hold the right trunk posture during the take-off,XUE improve the approach rhythm of the last second stride.
引文
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[13]张智敏,刘冰,孙南.我国优秀男子撑竿跳高运动员杨雁盛最后三步助跑及起跳技术分析——以2006年郑州国际田径大奖赛为例[J].山东体育学院学报,2008,24(11):62-65.
[14]闫松华,刘学贞.对我国优秀女子撑竿跳高运动员插穴起跳技术动作的生物力学分析[J].北京体育大学学报,2004,27(5):633-635.
[15]施延昭,刘学贞.中国优秀女子撑竿跳高运动员起跳、摆体、推竿的生物力学分析[J].体育科学研究,2002,6(2):38-41.
[16]于兴文,等.我国男子优秀撑竿跳高运动员技术的运动生物力学分析[J].沈阳体育学院学报,1997(3):21-27.
[2]张云龙,葛云.水平速度损失对撑竿跳高运动成绩的影响[J].山东体育科技,1999,21(1):5-7.
[3]陈光华,高升.我国男子撑竿跳高腾起高度的能量守恒定律分析[J].北京体育大学学报,2006,29(2):271-273.
[4]孙南.论撑竿跳高的自由起跳[J].北京体育大学学报,2006,29(7):983-984.
[5]文超.田径运动高级教程[M].修订版.北京:人民体育出版社,2003:467-471.
[6]谢慧松,周铁民,葛蕴.撑竿跳高运动员助跑速度与其成绩的关系研究[J].山东体育科技,2007,29(3):1-3.
[7]杨世木,陈效范.现代女子撑竿跳高的发展特征[J].上海体育学院学报,1997,21(3):26-27.
[8]苑廷刚.柏林世锦赛部分项目运动技术参数分析[J].田径科技动态,2012,(5):32-34.
[9]李欣鑫,李建英.李玲破女子撑杆跳高亚洲纪录时最后三步助跑至插穴起跳的运动学分析[J].中国体育科技,2014,50(5):19-21.
[10]Hay.J.G.The Biomechanics of Sports Techniques Mew[M].Tersay Prentice-Hall,1985:456-474.
[11]FALK SCHADE,ARAMPATZIS,BRGGEMANN,et al.Comparison of the men’s and the women’s pole vault at the 2000Sydney Olympics Games[J].J Sports Sci,2004(22):835-842.
[12]周浩祥,王万培,游永豪.女子撑竿跳高全运会冠军吴莎助跑起跳技术的运动学分析[J].河北体育学院学报,2015,29(4):85-88.
[13]张智敏,刘冰,孙南.我国优秀男子撑竿跳高运动员杨雁盛最后三步助跑及起跳技术分析——以2006年郑州国际田径大奖赛为例[J].山东体育学院学报,2008,24(11):62-65.
[14]闫松华,刘学贞.对我国优秀女子撑竿跳高运动员插穴起跳技术动作的生物力学分析[J].北京体育大学学报,2004,27(5):633-635.
[15]施延昭,刘学贞.中国优秀女子撑竿跳高运动员起跳、摆体、推竿的生物力学分析[J].体育科学研究,2002,6(2):38-41.
[16]于兴文,等.我国男子优秀撑竿跳高运动员技术的运动生物力学分析[J].沈阳体育学院学报,1997(3):21-27.